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Literature summary extracted from

  • Wallenfels, K.; Weil, R.
    beta-Galactosidase (1972), The Enzymes, 3rd Ed. (Boyer, P. D. , ed. ), 7, 617-663.
No PubMed abstract available

Crystallization (Commentary)

EC Number Crystallization (Comment) Organism
3.2.1.23
-
Escherichia coli

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
3.2.1.23 2,4-dinitrophenyl-2-deoxy-2-chloro-beta-D-galactoside
-
Escherichia coli
3.2.1.23 2-mercaptoethanol
-
Escherichia coli
3.2.1.23 citrate
-
Escherichia coli
3.2.1.23 EDTA
-
Saccharomyces fragilis
3.2.1.23 EDTA
-
Streptococcus pneumoniae
3.2.1.23 ethanolamine
-
Escherichia coli
3.2.1.23 ethylenediamine
-
Escherichia coli
3.2.1.23 mercaptoethylamine
-
Escherichia coli
3.2.1.23 n-Propanol
-
Escherichia coli

KM Value [mM]

EC Number KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
3.2.1.23 0.02
-
2-phenylethyl-beta-D-galactoside
-
Escherichia coli
3.2.1.23 0.03
-
p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside
-
Escherichia coli
3.2.1.23 0.12
-
2,4-dinitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside
-
Escherichia coli
3.2.1.23 0.69
-
butyl O-beta-D-galactoside
-
Escherichia coli
3.2.1.23 2.83
-
beta-D-galactosyl azide
-
Escherichia coli
3.2.1.23 5.5
-
lactose
-
Escherichia coli
3.2.1.23 6.9
-
methyl O-beta-galactoside
-
Escherichia coli
3.2.1.23 8.3
-
allolactose
-
Escherichia coli

Localization

EC Number Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
3.2.1.23 lysosome
-
Rattus norvegicus 5764
-
3.2.1.23 lysosome
-
Bos taurus 5764
-

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
3.2.1.23 Ca2+
-
Rattus norvegicus
3.2.1.23 Ca2+
-
Kluyveromyces lactis
3.2.1.23 Ca2+ 0.01 mM, activation at low concentrations in a system containing Na+ at optimal concentration Escherichia coli
3.2.1.23 Co2+
-
Saccharomyces fragilis
3.2.1.23 Co2+ 0.1 mM, activation in a system containing Na+ at optimal concentration Escherichia coli
3.2.1.23 Fe2+ 0.01-0.1 mM, activation in a system containing Na+ at optimal concentration Escherichia coli
3.2.1.23 K+
-
Saccharomyces fragilis
3.2.1.23 K+
-
Kluyveromyces lactis
3.2.1.23 K+ activates hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside and p-nitrophenyl alpha-L-arabinoside more effectively than Na+ Escherichia coli
3.2.1.23 K+ activates hydrolysis of lactose more effectively than Na+ Escherichia coli
3.2.1.23 Mg2+
-
Saccharomyces fragilis
3.2.1.23 Mg2+
-
Kluyveromyces lactis
3.2.1.23 Mg2+ 0.1-10 mM, activation in a system containing Na+ at optimal concentration Escherichia coli
3.2.1.23 Mn2+
-
Rattus norvegicus
3.2.1.23 Mn2+
-
Saccharomyces fragilis
3.2.1.23 Mn2+ 0.01-0.1 mM, activation in a system containing Na+ at optimal concentration Escherichia coli
3.2.1.23 Na+
-
Rattus norvegicus
3.2.1.23 Na+
-
Kluyveromyces lactis
3.2.1.23 Na+ activates hydrolysis of o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside more effectively than K+ Escherichia coli
3.2.1.23 Ni2+ 0.1 mM, activation in a system containing Na+ at optimal concentration Escherichia coli
3.2.1.23 Zn2+ 0.01-0.1 mM, activation in a system containing Na+ at optimal concentration Escherichia coli

Molecular Weight [Da]

EC Number Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
3.2.1.23 118000
-
4 * 118000, equilibrium sedimentation in 8 M urea Escherichia coli
3.2.1.23 135000
-
4 * 135000, low speed sedimentation without reaching equilibrium in urea hydrochloride Streptococcus pneumoniae
3.2.1.23 516000
-
strain ML 309, calculation from sedimentation and diffusion data Escherichia coli
3.2.1.23 521000
-
strain ML 35, calculation from sedimentation and diffusion data Escherichia coli

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
3.2.1.23 Aeromonas caviae
-
-
-
3.2.1.23 Bacillus subtilis
-
-
-
3.2.1.23 Bos taurus
-
-
-
3.2.1.23 Enterobacter cloacae
-
-
-
3.2.1.23 Escherichia coli
-
-
-
3.2.1.23 Escherichia coli ML 309
-
-
-
3.2.1.23 Escherichia coli ML 35
-
-
-
3.2.1.23 Hamamotoa singularis
-
-
-
3.2.1.23 Helix pomatia
-
-
-
3.2.1.23 Homo sapiens
-
-
-
3.2.1.23 Kluyveromyces lactis
-
-
-
3.2.1.23 Lactococcus lactis
-
-
-
3.2.1.23 Ovis aries
-
-
-
3.2.1.23 Paracolobactrum aerogenoides
-
-
-
3.2.1.23 Priestia megaterium
-
-
-
3.2.1.23 Rattus norvegicus
-
-
-
3.2.1.23 Saccharomyces fragilis
-
-
-
3.2.1.23 Shigella dysenteriae
-
-
-
3.2.1.23 Streptococcus pneumoniae
-
-
-
3.2.1.23 Tritrichomonas suis
-
-
-

Posttranslational Modification

EC Number Posttranslational Modification Comment Organism
3.2.1.23 glycoprotein
-
Rattus norvegicus
3.2.1.23 glycoprotein enzyme from calf intestine contains 88% carbohydrate Bos taurus
3.2.1.23 no modification enzyme contains no carbohydrate or phosphate Escherichia coli

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number Purification (Comment) Organism
3.2.1.23
-
Bos taurus
3.2.1.23 partial Homo sapiens

Reaction

EC Number Reaction Comment Organism Reaction ID
3.2.1.23 beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-6)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-3)-beta-D-galactopyranose + 3 H2O = 4 beta-D-galactopyranose mechanism Escherichia coli

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
3.2.1.23 brain
-
Rattus norvegicus
-
3.2.1.23 brain
-
Bos taurus
-
3.2.1.23 intestine
-
Homo sapiens
-
3.2.1.23 intestine
-
Bos taurus
-

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

EC Number Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] Comment Organism
3.2.1.23 additional information
-
-
Rattus norvegicus
3.2.1.23 additional information
-
-
Bos taurus
3.2.1.23 additional information
-
assay methods Escherichia coli

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
3.2.1.23 2,4-dinitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside + H2O
-
Escherichia coli 2,4-dinitrophenol + beta-D-galactose
-
?
3.2.1.23 2,4-dinitrophenyl-beta-D-glucoside + H2O activity is 10000 times lower than with 2,4-dinitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside Escherichia coli 2,4-dinitrophenol + beta-D-glucose
-
?
3.2.1.23 2-phenylethyl-beta-D-galactoside + H2O
-
Escherichia coli 2-phenylethanol + beta-D-galactose
-
?
3.2.1.23 allolactose + H2O
-
Escherichia coli D-galactose + D-glucose
-
?
3.2.1.23 beta-D-galactosyl azide + H2O
-
Escherichia coli azide + beta-D-galactose
-
?
3.2.1.23 beta-D-galactosyl fluoride + H2O
-
Escherichia coli fluoride + beta-D-galactose
-
?
3.2.1.23 butyl O-beta-D-galactoside + H2O
-
Escherichia coli butanol + beta-D-galactose
-
?
3.2.1.23 butyl O-beta-galactoside + H2O
-
Escherichia coli butanol + beta-D-galactose
-
?
3.2.1.23 ethyl-beta-D-galactoside + H2O
-
Escherichia coli ethanol + beta-D-galactose
-
?
3.2.1.23 lactose + H2O
-
Escherichia coli D-glucose + D-galactose
-
?
3.2.1.23 lactose + H2O
-
Homo sapiens D-glucose + D-galactose
-
?
3.2.1.23 lactose + H2O
-
Rattus norvegicus D-glucose + D-galactose
-
?
3.2.1.23 lactose + H2O
-
Escherichia coli ML 309 D-glucose + D-galactose
-
?
3.2.1.23 lactose + H2O
-
Escherichia coli ML 35 D-glucose + D-galactose
-
?
3.2.1.23 methyl O-beta-galactoside + H2O
-
Escherichia coli methanol + beta-D-galactose
-
?
3.2.1.23 additional information transgalactosylation with o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside or phenyl-beta-D-galactoside as galactosyl donor and methanol, glycerol, 2-mercaptoethanol, Tris or 2-phenylethyl alcohol as acceptor Escherichia coli ?
-
?
3.2.1.23 additional information synthesis of beta-D-galactosides by the direct condensation of free galactose and alcohols Escherichia coli ?
-
?
3.2.1.23 additional information transgalactosylation with o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside or phenyl-beta-D-galactoside as galactosyl donor and methanol, glycerol, 2-mercaptoethanol, Tris or 2-phenylethyl alcohol as acceptor Escherichia coli ML 309 ?
-
?
3.2.1.23 additional information synthesis of beta-D-galactosides by the direct condensation of free galactose and alcohols Escherichia coli ML 309 ?
-
?
3.2.1.23 additional information transgalactosylation with o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside or phenyl-beta-D-galactoside as galactosyl donor and methanol, glycerol, 2-mercaptoethanol, Tris or 2-phenylethyl alcohol as acceptor Escherichia coli ML 35 ?
-
?
3.2.1.23 additional information synthesis of beta-D-galactosides by the direct condensation of free galactose and alcohols Escherichia coli ML 35 ?
-
?
3.2.1.23 p-nitrophenyl alpha-L-arabinoside + H2O
-
Escherichia coli p-nitrophenol + alpha-L-arabinose
-
?
3.2.1.23 p-nitrophenyl alpha-L-arabinoside + H2O
-
Bos taurus p-nitrophenol + alpha-L-arabinose
-
?
3.2.1.23 p-nitrophenyl alpha-L-arabinoside + H2O
-
Escherichia coli ML 309 p-nitrophenol + alpha-L-arabinose
-
?
3.2.1.23 p-nitrophenyl alpha-L-arabinoside + H2O
-
Escherichia coli ML 35 p-nitrophenol + alpha-L-arabinose
-
?
3.2.1.23 p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside + H2O
-
Escherichia coli p-nitrophenol + beta-D-galactose
-
?
3.2.1.23 p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside + H2O
-
Homo sapiens p-nitrophenol + beta-D-galactose
-
?
3.2.1.23 p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside + H2O
-
Rattus norvegicus p-nitrophenol + beta-D-galactose
-
?
3.2.1.23 p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside + H2O
-
Bos taurus p-nitrophenol + beta-D-galactose
-
?
3.2.1.23 p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside + H2O
-
Priestia megaterium p-nitrophenol + beta-D-galactose
-
?
3.2.1.23 p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside + H2O
-
Escherichia coli ML 309 p-nitrophenol + beta-D-galactose
-
?
3.2.1.23 p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside + H2O
-
Escherichia coli ML 35 p-nitrophenol + beta-D-galactose
-
?
3.2.1.23 phenyl-beta-D-galactoside + H2O
-
Escherichia coli phenol + beta-D-galactose
-
?

Subunits

EC Number Subunits Comment Organism
3.2.1.23 tetramer 4 * 135000, low speed sedimentation without reaching equilibrium in urea hydrochloride Streptococcus pneumoniae
3.2.1.23 tetramer 4 * 118000, equilibrium sedimentation in 8 M urea Escherichia coli

Temperature Stability [°C]

EC Number Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
3.2.1.23 additional information
-
-
Saccharomyces fragilis
3.2.1.23 additional information
-
enzyme becomes remarkably heat labile in the presence of fructose 1,6-diphosphate Escherichia coli
3.2.1.23 55
-
40 min, in presence of 0.1 M mercaptoethanol and 0.01 MgCl2, 50% loss of activity. Without mercaptoethanol complete loss of activity after 10 min Escherichia coli

Turnover Number [1/s]

EC Number Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
3.2.1.23 26
-
beta-D-galactosyl azide
-
Escherichia coli

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
3.2.1.23 6.8
-
-
Saccharomyces fragilis
3.2.1.23 6.8
-
hydrolysis of o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside, in presence of 2 mM Mg2+ Escherichia coli
3.2.1.23 7.4
-
hydrolysis of o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside, without Mg2+ Escherichia coli