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Literature summary for 6.4.1.2 extracted from
- Structure and regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase genes of metazoa (2005), Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1733, 1-28.
Activating Compound
| Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| citrate | allosteric activation, kinetics | Gallus gallus |  |
| citrate | allosteric activation, kinetics | Ovis aries | |
| citrate | allosteric activation, kinetics | Homo sapiens | |
| citrate | allosteric activation, kinetics | Rattus norvegicus | |
| citrate | allosteric activation, kinetics | Mus musculus | |
| D-glutamate | allosteric activation | Gallus gallus | |
| D-glutamate | allosteric activation | Ovis aries | |
| D-glutamate | allosteric activation | Homo sapiens | |
| D-glutamate | allosteric activation | Rattus norvegicus | |
| D-glutamate | allosteric activation | Mus musculus | |
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis | Gallus gallus |
| DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis | Escherichia coli |
| DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis | Caenorhabditis elegans |
| DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis | Ciona intestinalis |
| DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis | Danio rerio |
| DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis | Caenorhabditis briggsae |
| DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis | Takifugu rubripes |
| DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, alternative splicing, overview | Ovis aries |
| DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, alternative splicing, overview | Rattus norvegicus |
| DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, alternative splicing, the gene encoding isozyme ACC-beta is located on chromosome 12q24, overview | Homo sapiens |
| DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, chromosome 12 of all genotypes contains an ACACA pseudogene named acaca-psi, alternative splicing, overview | Mus musculus |
| DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, one gene encodes both isozymes, alternative splicing, long and short enzyme forms with different subcellular localization | Drosophila melanogaster |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| long-chain fatty acids | - |
Gallus gallus | |
| long-chain fatty acids | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| long-chain fatty acids | - |
Mus musculus | |
| long-chain fatty acids | - |
Ovis aries | |
| long-chain fatty acids | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| malonyl-CoA | product inhibition, competitive to acetyl-CoA | Gallus gallus | |
| malonyl-CoA | product inhibition, competitive to acetyl-CoA; product inhibition, competitive to acetyl-CoA | Homo sapiens | |
| malonyl-CoA | product inhibition, competitive to acetyl-CoA; product inhibition, competitive to acetyl-CoA | Mus musculus | |
| malonyl-CoA | product inhibition, competitive to acetyl-CoA | Ovis aries | |
| malonyl-CoA | product inhibition, competitive to acetyl-CoA; product inhibition, competitive to acetyl-CoA | Rattus norvegicus | |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cytosol | - |
Caenorhabditis elegans | 5829 | - |
| cytosol | isozyme ACC1 | Caenorhabditis briggsae | 5829 | - |
| cytosol | isozyme Acc1p | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 5829 | - |
| cytosol | short enzyme form | Drosophila melanogaster | 5829 | - |
| mitochondrion | long enzyme form | Drosophila melanogaster | 5739 | - |
| mitochondrion | mitochondrion-specific isozyme ACC2 | Caenorhabditis briggsae | 5739 | - |
| mitochondrion | mitochondrion-specific isozyme Hfa1p | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 5739 | - |
| additional information | subcellular location of isozymes, overview | Gallus gallus | - |
- |
| additional information | subcellular location of isozymes, overview | Ovis aries | - |
- |
| additional information | subcellular location of isozymes, overview | Rattus norvegicus | - |
- |
| additional information | subcellular location of isozymes, overview | Mus musculus | - |
- |
Molecular Weight [Da]
| Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 265000 | - |
1 * 265000, isozyme Acc1 | Homo sapiens |
| 280000 | - |
1 * 280000, isozyme Acc2 | Homo sapiens |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | Escherichia coli | - |
ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | - |
ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | Ciona intestinalis | - |
ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | Danio rerio | - |
ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | Takifugu rubripes | - |
ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | Ovis aries | first committed step in fatty acid biosynthesis, hormonal, nutrient, and tissue-specific regulation of ACC genes, regulation of isozyme activity, overview | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | Homo sapiens | first committed step in fatty acid biosynthesis, hormonal, nutrient, and tissue-specific regulation of ACC genes, regulation of isozyme activity, overview | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | Rattus norvegicus | first committed step in fatty acid biosynthesis, hormonal, nutrient, and tissue-specific regulation of ACC genes, regulation of isozyme activity, overview | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | Mus musculus | first committed step in fatty acid biosynthesis, hormonal, nutrient, and tissue-specific regulation of ACC genes, regulation of isozyme activity, overview | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | Gallus gallus | hormonal, nutrient, and tissue-specific regulation of ACC genes, overview | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | Caenorhabditis elegans | regulation of isozyme expression and activity | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | Drosophila melanogaster | regulation of isozyme expression and activity, overview | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | Caenorhabditis briggsae | regulation of isozyme expression and activity, overview | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | Caenorhabditis elegans W09B6 | regulation of isozyme expression and activity | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Caenorhabditis briggsae | - |
- |
- |
| Caenorhabditis elegans | - |
- |
- |
| Caenorhabditis elegans W09B6 | - |
- |
- |
| Ciona intestinalis | - |
single gene | - |
| Danio rerio | - |
zebrafish | - |
| Drosophila melanogaster | - |
- |
- |
| Escherichia coli | - |
- |
- |
| Gallus gallus | - |
- |
- |
| Homo sapiens | O00763 | isozyme ACC2; gene ACACA, encoding isozyme ACC1 or ACC-alpha, and gene ACACB, encoding isozyme ACC2 or ACC-beta | - |
| Homo sapiens | Q13085 | isozyme ACC1; gene ACACA, encoding isozyme ACC1 or ACC-alpha, and gene ACACB, encoding isozyme ACC2 or ACC-beta | - |
| Mus musculus | Q5SWU9 | isozyme ACC1; gene ACACA, encoding isozyme ACC1 or ACC-alpha | - |
| Mus musculus | Q6JIZ0 | isozyme ACC2; gene ACACB, encoding isozyme ACC2 or ACC-beta | - |
| Ovis aries | - |
- |
- |
| Rattus norvegicus | O70151 | isozyme ACC2; gene ACACB, encoding isozyme ACC2 or ACC-beta | - |
| Rattus norvegicus | P11497 | isozyme ACC1; gene ACACA, encoding isozyme ACC1 or ACC-alpha | - |
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae | - |
- |
- |
| Takifugu rubripes | - |
puffer fish | - |
Posttranslational Modification
| Posttranslational Modification | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| phosphoprotein | reversible phosphorylation has regulatory function, differential phosphorylation of isozymes, overview | Ovis aries |
| phosphoprotein | reversible phosphorylation has regulatory function, differential phosphorylation of isozymes, overview | Homo sapiens |
| phosphoprotein | reversible phosphorylation has regulatory function, differential phosphorylation of isozymes, overview | Mus musculus |
| phosphoprotein | the enzyme in liver is regulated by reversible phosphorylation, differential phosphorylation of isozymes, overview | Rattus norvegicus |
Reaction
| Reaction | Comment | Organism | Reaction ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + hydrogencarbonate = ADP + phosphate + malonyl-CoA | catalytic regions analysis | Drosophila melanogaster | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + hydrogencarbonate = ADP + phosphate + malonyl-CoA | catalytic regions analysis | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + hydrogencarbonate = ADP + phosphate + malonyl-CoA | catalytic regions analysis | Caenorhabditis elegans | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + hydrogencarbonate = ADP + phosphate + malonyl-CoA | catalytic regions analysis | Caenorhabditis briggsae |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| adipose tissue | - |
Ovis aries | - |
| adipose tissue | isozyme Acc1 | Homo sapiens | - |
| brain | - |
Ovis aries | - |
| brain | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| brown adipose tissue | isozyme Acc2 | Rattus norvegicus | - |
| heart | - |
Ovis aries | - |
| heart | isozyme Acc2 | Homo sapiens | - |
| liver | - |
Gallus gallus | - |
| liver | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| liver | isozyme Acc1 | Homo sapiens | - |
| lung | - |
Ovis aries | - |
| mammary gland | - |
Ovis aries | - |
| mammary gland | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| mammary gland | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| mammary gland | lactating, isozyme Acc1 | Homo sapiens | - |
| additional information | tissue-specific expression of isozymes | Ovis aries | - |
| additional information | tissue-specific expression of isozymes | Homo sapiens | - |
| additional information | tissue-specific expression of isozymes | Rattus norvegicus | - |
| additional information | tissue-specific expression of isozymes | Mus musculus | - |
| muscle | - |
Ovis aries | - |
| skeletal muscle | isozyme Acc2 | Homo sapiens | - |
| spleen | - |
Ovis aries | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | - |
Escherichia coli | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | - |
Ciona intestinalis | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | - |
Danio rerio | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | - |
Takifugu rubripes | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | first committed step in fatty acid biosynthesis, hormonal, nutrient, and tissue-specific regulation of ACC genes, regulation of isozyme activity, overview | Ovis aries | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | first committed step in fatty acid biosynthesis, hormonal, nutrient, and tissue-specific regulation of ACC genes, regulation of isozyme activity, overview | Homo sapiens | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | first committed step in fatty acid biosynthesis, hormonal, nutrient, and tissue-specific regulation of ACC genes, regulation of isozyme activity, overview | Rattus norvegicus | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | first committed step in fatty acid biosynthesis, hormonal, nutrient, and tissue-specific regulation of ACC genes, regulation of isozyme activity, overview | Mus musculus | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | hormonal, nutrient, and tissue-specific regulation of ACC genes, overview | Gallus gallus | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | regulation of isozyme expression and activity | Caenorhabditis elegans | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | regulation of isozyme expression and activity, overview | Drosophila melanogaster | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | regulation of isozyme expression and activity, overview | Caenorhabditis briggsae | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | the two-step reaction includes two catalytic activities at two catalytic sites: the biotin carboxylase and the carboxyltransferase | Gallus gallus | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | the two-step reaction includes two catalytic activities at two catalytic sites: the biotin carboxylase and the carboxyltransferase | Drosophila melanogaster | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | the two-step reaction includes two catalytic activities at two catalytic sites: the biotin carboxylase and the carboxyltransferase | Escherichia coli | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | the two-step reaction includes two catalytic activities at two catalytic sites: the biotin carboxylase and the carboxyltransferase | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | the two-step reaction includes two catalytic activities at two catalytic sites: the biotin carboxylase and the carboxyltransferase | Ovis aries | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | the two-step reaction includes two catalytic activities at two catalytic sites: the biotin carboxylase and the carboxyltransferase | Caenorhabditis elegans | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | the two-step reaction includes two catalytic activities at two catalytic sites: the biotin carboxylase and the carboxyltransferase | Ciona intestinalis | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | the two-step reaction includes two catalytic activities at two catalytic sites: the biotin carboxylase and the carboxyltransferase | Danio rerio | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | the two-step reaction includes two catalytic activities at two catalytic sites: the biotin carboxylase and the carboxyltransferase | Caenorhabditis briggsae | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | the two-step reaction includes two catalytic activities at two catalytic sites: the biotin carboxylase and the carboxyltransferase | Takifugu rubripes | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | the two-step reaction includes two catalytic activities at two catalytic sites: the biotin carboxylase and the carboxyltransferase | Homo sapiens | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | the two-step reaction includes two catalytic activities at two catalytic sites: the biotin carboxylase and the carboxyltransferase | Rattus norvegicus | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | the two-step reaction includes two catalytic activities at two catalytic sites: the biotin carboxylase and the carboxyltransferase | Mus musculus | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | regulation of isozyme expression and activity | Caenorhabditis elegans W09B6 | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- | the two-step reaction includes two catalytic activities at two catalytic sites: the biotin carboxylase and the carboxyltransferase | Caenorhabditis elegans W09B6 | ADP + malonyl-CoA + phosphate | - |
? | |
Subunits
| Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| monomer | 1 * 265000, isozyme Acc1 | Homo sapiens |
| monomer | 1 * 265000-270000, isozyme Acc1 | Rattus norvegicus |
| monomer | 1 * 265000-270000, isozyme Acc1 | Mus musculus |
| monomer | 1 * 280000, isozyme Acc2 | Homo sapiens |
| More | domain structure and organization of the isozyme, evolution and functional domains, overview | Rattus norvegicus |
| More | domain structure and organization, evolution and functional domains, overview | Homo sapiens |
| More | domain structure and organization, evolution and functional domains, overview | Mus musculus |
| More | domain structure, evolution and functional domains, overview | Escherichia coli |
| More | domain structure, evolution and functional domains, overview | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| ACC | - |
Gallus gallus |
| ACC | - |
Drosophila melanogaster |
| ACC | - |
Escherichia coli |
| ACC | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| ACC | - |
Ovis aries |
| ACC | - |
Caenorhabditis elegans |
| ACC | - |
Ciona intestinalis |
| ACC | - |
Danio rerio |
| ACC | - |
Caenorhabditis briggsae |
| ACC | - |
Takifugu rubripes |
| ACC | - |
Homo sapiens |
| ACC | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
| ACC | - |
Mus musculus |
| More | the enzyme belongs to the family of biotin-dependent carboxylases | Gallus gallus |
| More | the enzyme belongs to the family of biotin-dependent carboxylases | Drosophila melanogaster |
| More | the enzyme belongs to the family of biotin-dependent carboxylases | Escherichia coli |
| More | the enzyme belongs to the family of biotin-dependent carboxylases | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| More | the enzyme belongs to the family of biotin-dependent carboxylases | Ovis aries |
| More | the enzyme belongs to the family of biotin-dependent carboxylases | Caenorhabditis elegans |
| More | the enzyme belongs to the family of biotin-dependent carboxylases | Ciona intestinalis |
| More | the enzyme belongs to the family of biotin-dependent carboxylases | Danio rerio |
| More | the enzyme belongs to the family of biotin-dependent carboxylases | Caenorhabditis briggsae |
| More | the enzyme belongs to the family of biotin-dependent carboxylases | Takifugu rubripes |
| More | the enzyme belongs to the family of biotin-dependent carboxylases | Homo sapiens |
| More | the enzyme belongs to the family of biotin-dependent carboxylases | Rattus norvegicus |
| More | the enzyme belongs to the family of biotin-dependent carboxylases | Mus musculus |
Cofactor
| Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATP | - |
Gallus gallus | |
| ATP | - |
Drosophila melanogaster | |
| ATP | - |
Escherichia coli | |
| ATP | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | |
| ATP | - |
Ovis aries | |
| ATP | - |
Caenorhabditis elegans | |
| ATP | - |
Ciona intestinalis | |
| ATP | - |
Danio rerio | |
| ATP | - |
Caenorhabditis briggsae | |
| ATP | - |
Takifugu rubripes | |
| ATP | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| ATP | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| ATP | - |
Mus musculus | |
| biotin | - |
Gallus gallus | |
| biotin | - |
Drosophila melanogaster | |
| biotin | - |
Escherichia coli | |
| biotin | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | |
| biotin | - |
Ovis aries | |
| biotin | - |
Caenorhabditis elegans | |
| biotin | - |
Ciona intestinalis | |
| biotin | - |
Danio rerio | |
| biotin | - |
Caenorhabditis briggsae | |
| biotin | - |
Takifugu rubripes | |
| biotin | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| biotin | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| biotin | - |
Mus musculus | |
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