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Literature summary for 6.3.2.2 extracted from

  • He, J.; Li, H.; Ma, C.; Zhang, Y.; Polle, A.; Rennenberg, H.; Cheng, X.; Luo, Z.B.
    Overexpression of bacterial gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase mediates changes in cadmium influx, allocation and detoxification in poplar (2015), New Phytol., 205, 240-254 .
    View publication on PubMed
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Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
enzyme overexpression in Populus tremula x Populus alba (INRA female clone 717 1-B4) leaf cytosol, analysis of net Cd2+ influx in association with H+/Ca2+, Cd tolerance, and the underlying molecular and physiological mechanisms, overview Escherichia coli

Protein Variants

Protein Variants Comment Organism
additional information overexpression of Escherichia coli gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase in the cytosol of Populus tremula x Populus alba produces higher glutathione (GSH) concentrations in leaves, thereby indicating the potential for cadmium (Cd) phytoremediation. Analysis of net Cd2+ influx in association with H+/Ca2+, Cd tolerance, and the underlying molecular and physiological mechanisms, overview. Transgenic plants have higher Cd2+ uptake rates and elevated transcript levels of several genes involved in Cd2+ transport and detoxification compared with wild-type poplar plants. Transgenic plants exhibit greater Cd2+ accumulation in the aerial parts than wild-type plants in response to Cd2+ exposure. Transgenic poplars show lower concentrations of superoxide anions and H2O2, higher concentrations of total thiols, GSH and oxidized GSH in roots and/or leaves, and stimulated foliar GSH reductase activity compared with wild-type plants. The transgenic plants are more tolerant of 0.1 mM Cd2+ than wild-type plants, probably due to the GSH-mediated induction of the transcription of genes involved in Cd2+ transport and detoxification Escherichia coli

Localization

Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
cytosol
-
 Escherichia coli 5829
-

Metals/Ions

Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
Mg2+ required Escherichia coli

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine Escherichia coli
-
 ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
 ?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Escherichia coli P0A6W9
-
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
-
 Escherichia coli ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
 ?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
Gamma-ECS
-
 Escherichia coli
gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase
-
 Escherichia coli
GshA
-
 Escherichia coli

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
ATP
-
 Escherichia coli

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
physiological function gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-ECS) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis pathway of glutathione (GSH), the precursor of phytochelatins. The overexpression of the bacterial gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase in Populus tremula x Populus alba mediates changes in cadmium influx, allocation and detoxification in poplar, analysis of net Cd2+ influx in association with H+/Ca2+, Cd tolerance, and the underlying molecular and physiological mechanisms, overview. GSH-mediated induction of the transcription of genes involved in Cd2+ transport and detoxification Escherichia coli