Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
additional information | GCL forms a homodimer under oxidizing conditions, and is activated more than threefold | Nicotiana tabacum |
Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
C356A | the mutant shows reduced inhibition by DTT, but increased inhibition by glutathione | Brassica juncea |
Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
buthionine sulfoximine | specific inhibitor of GCL | Agrobacterium tumefaciens | |
buthionine sulfoximine | specific inhibitor of GCL | Nicotiana tabacum | |
buthionine sulfoximine | specific inhibitor of GCL | Xanthomonas campestris | |
DTT | - |
Brassica juncea | |
DTT | - |
Nicotiana tabacum | |
glutathione | feedback inhibition | Agrobacterium tumefaciens | |
glutathione | feedback inhibition | Brassica juncea | |
glutathione | feedback inhibition | Nicotiana tabacum | |
glutathione | feedback inhibition | Xanthomonas campestris | |
additional information | no inhibition by DTT | Agrobacterium tumefaciens | |
additional information | no inhibition by buthionine sulfoximine | Brassica juncea | |
additional information | no inhibition by DTT | Xanthomonas campestris | |
Na+ | 72.7% inhibition at 300 mM | Agrobacterium tumefaciens | |
Na+ | 69.2% inhibition at 300 mM | Brassica juncea | |
Na+ | 79.6% inhibition at 300 mM | Xanthomonas campestris |
KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.07 | - |
L-cysteine | - |
Xanthomonas campestris | |
0.12 | - |
L-cysteine | - |
Brassica juncea | |
0.14 | - |
L-cysteine | - |
Agrobacterium tumefaciens | |
0.59 | - |
ATP | - |
Agrobacterium tumefaciens | |
1.3 | - |
ATP | - |
Brassica juncea | |
1.9 | - |
L-glutamate | - |
Agrobacterium tumefaciens | |
2.3 | - |
L-glutamate | - |
Xanthomonas campestris | |
3.1 | - |
ATP | - |
Xanthomonas campestris | |
8.5 | - |
L-glutamate | - |
Brassica juncea |
Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
Mg2+ | - |
Xanthomonas campestris | |
Mg2+ | - |
Agrobacterium tumefaciens | |
Mg2+ | - |
Brassica juncea | |
Mg2+ | - |
Nicotiana tabacum |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine | Brassica juncea | redox regulation of the enzyme, a redox switch based on CC2-mediated homodimerization is unique to plant GCL enzymes, overview | ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine | - |
? | |
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine | Nicotiana tabacum | redox regulation of the enzyme, a redox switch based on CC2-mediated homodimerization is unique to plant GCL enzymes, overview | ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine | - |
? | |
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine | Xanthomonas campestris | redox regulation of the enzyme, overview | ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine | - |
? | |
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine | Agrobacterium tumefaciens | redox regulation of the enzyme, overview | ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Agrobacterium tumefaciens | - |
- |
- |
Brassica juncea | O23736 | - |
- |
Nicotiana tabacum | Q1W2L8 | - |
- |
Xanthomonas campestris | - |
- |
- |
Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
2.405 | - |
- |
Xanthomonas campestris |
2.585 | - |
- |
Agrobacterium tumefaciens |
3.336 | - |
- |
Brassica juncea |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine | - |
Xanthomonas campestris | ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine | - |
? | |
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine | - |
Agrobacterium tumefaciens | ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine | - |
? | |
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine | - |
Brassica juncea | ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine | - |
? | |
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine | - |
Nicotiana tabacum | ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine | - |
? | |
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine | redox regulation of the enzyme, a redox switch based on CC2-mediated homodimerization is unique to plant GCL enzymes, overview | Brassica juncea | ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine | - |
? | |
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine | redox regulation of the enzyme, a redox switch based on CC2-mediated homodimerization is unique to plant GCL enzymes, overview | Nicotiana tabacum | ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine | - |
? | |
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine | redox regulation of the enzyme, overview | Xanthomonas campestris | ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine | - |
? | |
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine | redox regulation of the enzyme, overview | Agrobacterium tumefaciens | ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine | - |
? | |
additional information | the enzyme contains two intramolecular disulfide bridges, CC1 and CC2, CC2 plays a role in GCL redox regulation, overview | Nicotiana tabacum | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | the enzyme contains two intramolecular disulfide bridges, CC1 and CC2, CC2 plays no role in GCL redox regulation, overview | Xanthomonas campestris | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | the enzyme contains two intramolecular disulfide bridges, CC1 and CC2, CC2 plays no role in GCL redox regulation, overview | Agrobacterium tumefaciens | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | the enzyme contains two intramolecular disulfide bridges, CC1 and CC2, which both strongly impact on GCL activity in vitro, cysteines of CC2 involved in the monomer-dimer transition in GCL. CC2 plays a role in GCL redox regulation, overview | Brassica juncea | ? | - |
? |
Subunits | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
dimer | the enzyme contains two intramolecular disulfide bridges, CC1 and CC2, amino acids contributing to the homodimer interface in GCL are highly conserved among plant GCLs, but not in related proteobacterial GCLs. NtGCL forms a homodimer under oxidizing conditions | Nicotiana tabacum |
monomer | proteobacterial GCLs remain monomeric under oxidizing and reducing conditions, overview | Xanthomonas campestris |
monomer | proteobacterial GCLs remain monomeric under oxidizing and reducing conditions, overview | Agrobacterium tumefaciens |
More | the enzyme contains two intramolecular disulfide bridges, CC1 and CC2, which both strongly impact on GCL activity in vitro, cysteines of CC2 involved in the monomer-dimer transition in GCL. Amino acids contributing to the homodimer interface in BjGCL are highly conserved among plant GCLs, but not in related proteobacterial GCLs | Brassica juncea |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase | - |
Xanthomonas campestris |
gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase | - |
Agrobacterium tumefaciens |
gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase | - |
Brassica juncea |
gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase | - |
Nicotiana tabacum |
GCL | - |
Xanthomonas campestris |
GCL | - |
Agrobacterium tumefaciens |
GCL | - |
Brassica juncea |
GCL | - |
Nicotiana tabacum |
Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] | Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
7350 | - |
L-glutamate | - |
Xanthomonas campestris | |
7350 | - |
L-cysteine | - |
Xanthomonas campestris | |
7920 | - |
L-glutamate | - |
Agrobacterium tumefaciens | |
7920 | - |
L-cysteine | - |
Agrobacterium tumefaciens | |
10190 | - |
L-glutamate | - |
Brassica juncea | |
10190 | - |
L-cysteine | - |
Brassica juncea |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
ATP | - |
Xanthomonas campestris | |
ATP | - |
Agrobacterium tumefaciens | |
ATP | - |
Brassica juncea | |
ATP | - |
Nicotiana tabacum |
IC50 Value | IC50 Value Maximum | Comment | Organism | Inhibitor | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.2 | - |
wild-type enzyme | Brassica juncea | DTT | |
3.8 | - |
mutant C356A enzyme | Brassica juncea | glutathione | |
4.1 | - |
- |
Nicotiana tabacum | glutathione | |
5.1 | - |
- |
Nicotiana tabacum | DTT | |
5.5 | - |
wild-type enzyme | Brassica juncea | glutathione | |
5.5 | - |
mutant C356A enzyme | Brassica juncea | DTT | |
6.4 | - |
- |
Xanthomonas campestris | glutathione | |
7.9 | - |
- |
Xanthomonas campestris | buthionine sulfoximine | |
8.1 | - |
- |
Agrobacterium tumefaciens | glutathione | |
10.8 | - |
- |
Agrobacterium tumefaciens | buthionine sulfoximine | |
11.5 | - |
- |
Nicotiana tabacum | buthionine sulfoximine |