Literature summary for 6.3.2.17 extracted from

Srivastava, A.C.; Chen, F.; Ray, T.; Pattathil, S.; Pena, M.J.; Avci, U.; Li, H.; Huhman, D.V.; Backe, J.; Urbanowicz, B.; Miller, J.S.; Bedair, M.; Wyman, C.E.; Sumner, L.W.; York, W.S.; Hahn, M.G.; Dixon, R.A.; Blancaflor, E.B.; Tang, Y.
Loss of function of folylpolyglutamate synthetase 1 reduces lignin content and improves cell wall digestibility in Arabidopsis (2015), Biotechnol. Biofuels, 8, 224 .

Search for more literature for 6.3.2.17

Application

Application	Comment	Organism
additional information	the enzyme is a viable target for reducing cell wall recalcitrance in plants	Arabidopsis thaliana

Protein Variants

Protein Variants	Comment	Organism
additional information	construction of a fpgs1 knockout mutant, transcripts of a number of genes in the C1 and lignin pathways had altered expression in fpgs1 mutants, microarray analysis and quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Total lignin is low in fpgs1 mutant plants leading to higher saccharification efficiency of the mutant. The decrease in total lignin in fpgs1 is mainly due to lower guaiacyl lignin levels. Glycome profiling reveals subtle alterations in the cell walls of fpgs1, the degree of methylation of 4-O-methyl glucuronoxylan in hemicellulosic polysaccharides is reduced in the fpgs1 mutant, NMR analysis	Arabidopsis thaliana

Localization

Localization	Comment	Organism	GeneOntology No.	Textmining
chloroplast	isozyme FPGS1	Arabidopsis thaliana	9507	-
additional information	subcellular localization of the three isoforms of FPGS in Arabidopsis thaliana: FPGS1 is localized in plastid, FPGS2 in mitochondria, and FPGS3 in the cytosol	Arabidopsis thaliana	-	-

Metals/Ions

Metals/Ions	Comment	Organism	Structure
Mg2+	required	Arabidopsis thaliana

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.	Reac.
ATP + tetrahydropteroyl-[gamma-Glu]n + L-glutamate	Arabidopsis thaliana	-	ADP + phosphate + tetrahydropteroyl-[gamma-Glu]n+1	-	?
ATP + tetrahydropteroyl-[gamma-Glu]n + L-glutamate	Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0	-	ADP + phosphate + tetrahydropteroyl-[gamma-Glu]n+1	-	?

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Arabidopsis thaliana	F4K2A1	-	-
Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0	F4K2A1	-	-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue	Comment	Organism	Textmining
inflorescence stem	-	Arabidopsis thaliana	-
vascular tissue	isozyme FPGS1 is preferentially expressed in vascular tissues	Arabidopsis thaliana	-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
ATP + tetrahydropteroyl-[gamma-Glu]n + L-glutamate	-	Arabidopsis thaliana	ADP + phosphate + tetrahydropteroyl-[gamma-Glu]n+1	-	?
ATP + tetrahydropteroyl-[gamma-Glu]n + L-glutamate	-	Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0	ADP + phosphate + tetrahydropteroyl-[gamma-Glu]n+1	-	?

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
folylpolyglutamate synthetase 1	-	Arabidopsis thaliana
FPGS	-	Arabidopsis thaliana
FPGS1	-	Arabidopsis thaliana

Cofactor

Cofactor	Comment	Organism	Structure
ATP	-	Arabidopsis thaliana

General Information

General Information	Comment	Organism
malfunction	loss of function of folylpolyglutamate synthetase 1 reduces lignin content and improves cell wall digestibility in Arabidopsis thaliana. fpgs1 mutants in Arabidopsis show reduced levels of methionine and other C1 metabolic intermediates in young seedlings. Total lignin is low in fpgs1 mutant plants leading to higher saccharification efficiency of the mutant. The decrease in total lignin in fpgs1 is mainly due to lower guaiacyl lignin levels. Glycome profiling reveals subtle alterations in the cell walls of fpgs1, the degree of methylationof 4-O-methyl glucuronoxylan in hemicellulosic polysaccharides is reduced in the fpgs1 mutant, NMR analysis. Transcript profiling of mutant fpgs1 inflorescence stems reveals downregulation of genes in the phenylpropanoid, methylation, and C1 pathways, overview. Phenotype, overview	Arabidopsis thaliana
physiological function	in plants, the C1 pathway is crucial for the synthesis of a large number of secondary metabolites, including lignin. Lignin is a complex, polymeric phenylpropanoid-derived compound, which confers mechanical strength to the cell wall by cross-linking different polysaccharides, especially in fibers and tracheary elements. Tetrahydrofolate and its derivatives, collectively referred to as folates, are crucial cofactors for C1 metabolic pathway enzymes. Folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS) catalyzes the addition of a glutamate tail to folates to form folylpolyglutamates. Folate polyglutamylation is carried out by the enzyme folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS). Isozyme FPGS1 has a role in lignocellulosic formation	Arabidopsis thaliana

Use of this online version of BRENDA is free under the CC BY 4.0 license. See terms of use for full details.

Release 2023.1 (January 2023)