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Literature summary for 6.2.1.45 extracted from

  • Nino, C.A.; Prucca, C.G.; Chaparro, J.; Lujan, H.D.; Wasserman, M.
    The ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1) of the early-branching eukaryote Giardia intestinalis shows unusual proteolytic modifications and play important roles during encystation (2012), Acta Trop., 123, 39-46.
    View publication on PubMed
Search for more literature for 6.2.1.45

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
overexpression of N-terminally or C-terminally HA-tagged enzyme in Giardia intestinalis trophozoites Giardia duodenalis

Protein Variants

Protein Variants Comment Organism
additional information RNA antisense silencing of Giardia E1. Overexpression of E1 greatly increases the encystation rate Giardia duodenalis

Localization

Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
cytoplasm the enzyme localizes at spots within the cytoplasm, this pattern changes during encystation into a diffuse localization throughout the cytoplasm of encysting cells. E1 localizes in mature cysts at cytoplasmic spots and in the cyst wall Giardia duodenalis 5737
-

Metals/Ions

Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
Mg2+ required Giardia duodenalis

Molecular Weight [Da]

Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
47000
-
 1 * 68000 + 1 * 47000, the enzyme is proteolytically processed mainly into two fragments of 68 kDa (N-terminal) and 47 kDa (C-terminal) Giardia duodenalis
68000
-
 1 * 68000 + 1 * 47000, the enzyme is proteolytically processed mainly into two fragments of 68 kDa (N-terminal) and 47 kDa (C-terminal) Giardia duodenalis
114000
-
 complete E1 protein, native PAGE Giardia duodenalis

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
ATP + ubiquitin + [E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine Giardia duodenalis
-
 AMP + diphosphate + S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine
-
 ?
ATP + ubiquitin + [E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine Giardia duodenalis ATCC 50803
-
 AMP + diphosphate + S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine
-
 ?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Giardia duodenalis A8BBP6
-
-
Giardia duodenalis ATCC 50803 A8BBP6
-
-

Posttranslational Modification

Posttranslational Modification Comment Organism
proteolytic modification the enzyme is proteolytically processed mainly into two fragments of 68 kDa (N-terminal) and 47 kDa (C-terminal) Giardia duodenalis

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
cyst the enzyme localizes at spots within the cytoplasm. This pattern changes during encystation into a diffuse localization throughout the cytoplasm of encysting cells. E1 localizes in mature cysts at cytoplasmic spots and in the cyst wall Giardia duodenalis
-
additional information the enzyme expression (both at mRNA and protein levels) is regulated during encystation Giardia duodenalis
-
trophozoite E1 localizes in the trophozoites in a precise pattern bound to small granules or vesicles Giardia duodenalis
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
ATP + ubiquitin + [E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine
-
 Giardia duodenalis AMP + diphosphate + S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine
-
 ?
ATP + ubiquitin + [E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine
-
 Giardia duodenalis ATCC 50803 AMP + diphosphate + S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine
-
 ?

Subunits

Subunits Comment Organism
dimer 1 * 68000 + 1 * 47000, the enzyme is proteolytically processed mainly into two fragments of 68 kDa (N-terminal) and 47 kDa (C-terminal) Giardia duodenalis

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
E1
-
 Giardia duodenalis
Ubiquitin-activating enzyme
-
 Giardia duodenalis
ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme
-
 Giardia duodenalis

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
25
-
 assay at Giardia duodenalis

pH Optimum

pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
7.5
-
 assay at Giardia duodenalis

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
ATP
-
 Giardia duodenalis

Expression

Organism Comment Expression
Giardia duodenalis the enzyme expression (both at mRNA and protein levels) is regulated during encystation additional information

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
malfunction lethality of RNA antisense silencing of Giardia E1 Giardia duodenalis
physiological function enzyme E1 is an essential gene for parasite viability and is implicated in encystation.Enzyme overexpression greatly increases the encystation rate, indicating a relationship between E1 and Giardia differentiation Giardia duodenalis