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Literature summary for 6.1.1.4 extracted from

  • Wang, L.; Lin, Y.; Bian, Y.; Liu, L.; Shao, L.; Lin, L.; Qu, B.; Zhao, F.; Gao, X.; Li, Q.
    Leucyl-tRNA synthetase regulates lactation and cell proliferation via mTOR signaling in dairy cow mammary epithelial cells (2014), Int. J. Mol. Sci., 15, 5952-5969 .
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
gene lars, quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis Bos taurus

Localization

Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
cytoplasm
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Bos taurus 5737
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additional information subcellular localization analysis Bos taurus
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Metals/Ions

Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
Mg2+ required Bos taurus

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
ATP + L-leucine + tRNALeu Bos taurus
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AMP + diphosphate + L-leucyl-tRNALeu
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?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Bos taurus A6QLR2 Holstein dairy cows
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Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
connnective tissue
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Bos taurus
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epithelial cell
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Bos taurus
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mammary gland LeuRS expression in mammary gland tissue is significantly higher during lactation compared to pregnancy. In pregnancy mammary gland tissue LeuRS showed no difference in the acinar buds and the connective tissue. While in lactating mammary gland tissue, most of LeuRS is expressed in the acinar buds with only a small amount detected in the connective tissue, quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis. the level of LeuRS expression is significantly higher in lactating mammary gland tissue than in pregnancy mammary gland tissue Bos taurus
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Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
ATP + L-leucine + tRNALeu
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Bos taurus AMP + diphosphate + L-leucyl-tRNALeu
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?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
LARS
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Bos taurus
Leucyl-tRNA synthetase
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Bos taurus
LeuRS
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Bos taurus

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
ATP
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Bos taurus

Expression

Organism Comment Expression
Bos taurus the level of LeuRS expression is significantly higher in lactating mammary gland tissue than in pregnancy mammary gland tissue additional information

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
malfunction siRNA-mediated knockdown of LeuRS leads to suppression of rapamycin (mTOR), p-mTOR, ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), p-S6K1, beta-casein, sterol regulatory element binding-protein 1c (SREBP-1c), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), and cyclin D1 mRNA and protein expression. LeuRS knockdown reduces cell growth, the expression of lactation-associated proteins, and milk synthesis Bos taurus
physiological function leucyl-tRNA synthetase regulates lactation and cell proliferation via mTOR signaling in dairy cow mammary epithelial cells, role of LeuRS as an intracellular L-leucine sensor for the mTORC1 pathway. LeuRS up-regulates the mTOR pathway to promote proliferation and lactation of dairy cow mammary epithelial cells (DCMECs) in response to changes in the intracellular leucine concentration. Treatment with L-leucine increases DCMECs viability and proliferation, as well as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p-mTOR, ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), p-S6K1, beta-casein, sterol regulatory element binding-protein 1c (SREBP-1c), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), and cyclin D1 mRNA and protein expression via activity of enzyme LeuRS. Secretion of lactose and triglyceride are also increased. Effect of leucine on LeuRS to regulate cell growth and expression of proteins involved in mTOR signaling in DCMECs Bos taurus