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Literature summary for 4.6.1.1 extracted from

  • Sadana, R.; Dessauer, C.W.
    Physiological roles for G protein-regulated adenylyl cyclase isoforms: insights from knockout and overexpression studies (2009), Neurosignals, 17, 5-22.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Activating Compound

Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
forskolin binds to the cytoplasmic domains, structure overview. Isozyme group IV contains forskolin-insensitive isozyme AC9, mode of regulation, overview Mammalia
forskolin binds to the cytoplasmic domains, structure overview. Isozyme group IV contains forskolin-insensitive isozyme AC9, mode of regulation, overview Mus musculus
stimulating G protein i.e. s-Gs, comprising G protein subunits beta and gamma, binds to the cytoplasmic domains, structure overview, isozyme group II consists of Gbetagamma-stimulated AC 2, 4 and 7, G proteins interact with AC mainly through their switch II alpha-helices, which are conformational sensors for the alpha-activation state, mode of regulation, overview Mammalia
stimulating G protein i.e. s-Gs, comprising G protein subunits beta and gamma, binds to the cytoplasmic domains, structure overview, isozyme group II consists of Gbetagamma-stimulated AC 2, 4 and 7, G proteins interact with adenylate cyclase mainly through their switch II alpha-helices, which are conformational sensors for the alpha-activation state, mode of regulation, overview Mus musculus

Protein Variants

Protein Variants Comment Organism
additional information AC8 knockout mice show decreased Ca2+ -stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus, and brainstem, and exhibit little or no mossy fiber LTP, i.e. long-term potentiation, the long-lasting enhancement in communication between two neurons that results from stimulation. Short-term plasticity is also impaired in AC8 knockout mice. Double knockouts of both isozymes AC1 and AC8 also exhibit a nearly complete loss of mossy fiber long-term potentiation Mus musculus
additional information double knockouts of both isozymes AC1 and AC8 exhibit a nearly complete loss of mossy fiber long-term potentiation Mus musculus

Inhibitors

Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
2',5'-dideoxy-3'-ATP a P-site inhibitor, binds to the cytoplasmic domains, structure overview Mammalia
2',5'-dideoxy-3'-ATP a P-site inhibitor, binds to the cytoplasmic domains, structure overview; a P-site inhibitor, binds to the cytoplasmic domains, structure overview; a P-site inhibitor, binds to the cytoplasmic domains, structure overview; a P-site inhibitor, binds to the cytoplasmic domains, structure overview; a P-site inhibitor, binds to the cytoplasmic domains, structure overview; a P-site inhibitor, binds to the cytoplasmic domains, structure overview; a P-site inhibitor, binds to the cytoplasmic domains, structure overview; a P-site inhibitor, binds to the cytoplasmic domains, structure overview Mus musculus
inhibitory G protein isozyme group III is comprised of Gialpha /Ca2+ -inhibited isozymes AC5 and AC6. G proteins interact with AC mainly through their switch II alpha-helices, which are conformational sensors for the alpha-activation state, mode of regulation, overview Mammalia
inhibitory G protein isozyme group III is comprised of Gialpha /Ca2+ -inhibited isozymes AC5 and AC6. G proteins interact with adenylate cyclase mainly through their switch II alpha-helices, which are conformational sensors for the alpha-activation state, mode of regulation, overview; isozyme group III is comprised of Gialpha /Ca2+-inhibited isozymes AC5 and AC6. G proteins interact with adenylate cyclase mainly through their switch II alpha-helices, which are conformational sensors for the alpha-activation state, mode of regulation, overview Mus musculus

Localization

Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
membrane transmembrane enzyme Mammalia 16020
-
membrane transmembrane enzyme Mus musculus 16020
-

Metals/Ions

Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
Ca2+ isozyme group III is comprised of Gialpha /Ca2+ -inhibited isozymes AC5 and AC6, mode of regulation, overview Mus musculus
Ca2+ isozyme group III is comprised of Gialpha /Ca2+-inhibited isozymes AC5 and AC6, mode of regulation, overview Mus musculus
Ca2+ the isozyme group I consists of Ca 2+ -stimulated AC1, AC3 and AC8, isozyme group III is comprised of Gialpha /Ca2+ -inhibited isozymes AC5 and AC6, mode of regulation, overview Mammalia
Ca2+ the isozyme group I consists of Ca2+-stimulated AC1, AC3 and AC8, mode of regulation, overview Mus musculus
Ca2+ the isozyme group I consists of Ca2+-stimulated AC8, mode of regulation, overview Mus musculus
Ca2+ the isozyme group I consists of Ca2+-stimulated isozymes AC1, AC3 and AC8, mode of regulation, overview Mus musculus

Molecular Weight [Da]

Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
50000
-
testis splice variant Mammalia
50000
-
testis splice variant Mus musculus
187000
-
full-length enzyme variant Mammalia
187000
-
full-length enzyme variant Mus musculus

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
ATP Mammalia roles of G protein regulation of adenylyl cyclases in the brain, olfactory bulb, and heart, overview. Roles for cAMP in a vast number of biological systems, including but not limited to oogenesis, embryogenesis, larval development, hormone secretion, glycogen breakdown, smooth muscle relaxation, cardiac contraction, olfaction, and learning and memory. Physiological roles for individual adenylyl cyclase Isozymes, overview 3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
?
ATP Mus musculus roles of G protein regulation of adenylyl cyclases in the brain, olfactory bulb, and heart, overview. Roles for cAMP in a vast number of biological systems, including but not limited to oogenesis, embryogenesis, larval development, hormone secretion, glycogen breakdown, smooth muscle relaxation, cardiac contraction, olfaction, and learning and memory. Physiological roles for individual adenylyl cyclase Isozymes, overview 3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
?
additional information Mus musculus key to regulation of AC is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview ?
-
?
additional information Mammalia key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview ?
-
?
additional information Mus musculus key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview ?
-
?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Mammalia
-
-
-
Mus musculus
-
isozymes AC4 and AC9
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Mus musculus O88444 AC1
-
Mus musculus P51829 AC7
-
Mus musculus P84309 AC5
-
Mus musculus P97490 AC8
-
Mus musculus Q01341 AC6
-
Mus musculus Q80TL1 AC2
-
Mus musculus Q8VHH7 AC3
-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
adrenal gland isozyme AC5 Mus musculus
-
adrenal gland isozyme AC6 Mus musculus
-
adrenal gland isozyme AC8 Mus musculus
-
adrenal gland isozymes AC8, AC6 and AC5 Mammalia
-
adrenal medulla isozyme AC1 Mammalia
-
adrenal medulla isozyme AC1 Mus musculus
-
brain isozyme AC1 Mus musculus
-
brain isozyme AC2 Mus musculus
-
brain isozyme AC3 Mus musculus
-
brain isozyme AC6 Mus musculus
-
brain isozyme AC8, high expression level of isozyme AC8 in numerous brain regions, including the hippocampus, thalamus, habenula, cerebellar cortex and hypothalamic supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei Mus musculus
-
brain isozymes AC8, AC6, AC1, AC3, and AC2, high expression level of isozyme AC8 in numerous brain regions, including the hippocampus, thalamus, habenula, cerebellar cortex and hypothalamic supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei Mammalia
-
corpus striatum isozyme AC5 Mammalia
-
heart isozyme AC2 Mus musculus
-
heart isozyme AC3 Mus musculus
-
heart isozyme AC5 Mus musculus
-
heart isozyme AC6 Mus musculus
-
heart isozymes AC6, AC5, AC2 and AC3 Mammalia
-
kidney isozyme AC5 Mus musculus
-
kidney isozyme AC6 Mus musculus
-
kidney isozymes AC6 and AC5 Mammalia
-
liver isozyme AC5 Mus musculus
-
liver isozyme AC6 Mus musculus
-
liver isozymes AC6 and AC5 Mammalia
-
lung isozyme AC2 Mus musculus
-
lung isozyme AC3 Mus musculus
-
lung isozyme AC5 Mus musculus
-
lung isozyme AC6 Mus musculus
-
lung isozyme AC8 Mus musculus
-
lung isozymes AC8, AC6, AC5, AC2 and AC3 Mammalia
-
additional information ubiquitous expression of a short 50 kDa splice variant sAC Mus musculus
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additional information ubiquitous expression of isozyme AC7 Mus musculus
-
additional information ubiquitous expression of isozymes AC9 and AC4 Mus musculus
-
additional information ubiquitous expression of isozymes AC9, AC7 and AC4, and of a short 50 kDa splice variant sAC Mammalia
-
olfactory bulb isozyme AC3, epithelium Mus musculus
-
olfactory bulb isozyme AC8, epithelium Mus musculus
-
olfactory bulb isozymes AC8 and AC3, epithelium Mammalia
-
pancreas isozyme AC3 Mus musculus
-
pancreas isozyme AC8 Mus musculus
-
pancreas isozymes AC8 and AC3 Mammalia
-
skeletal muscle isozyme AC2 Mus musculus
-
skeletal muscle isozyme AC6 Mus musculus
-
skeletal muscle isozymes AC6 and AC2 Mammalia
-
striatum isozyme AC5 Mus musculus
-
testis isozyme AC3 Mus musculus
-
testis isozyme AC5 Mus musculus
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testis isozyme AC6 Mus musculus
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testis isozyme AC8, and a short 50 kDa splice variant sAC Mus musculus
-
testis isozymes AC8, AC6, AC5 and AC3, and a short 50 kDa splice variant sAC Mammalia
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
ATP roles of G protein regulation of adenylyl cyclases in the brain, olfactory bulb, and heart, overview. Roles for cAMP in a vast number of biological systems, including but not limited to oogenesis, embryogenesis, larval development, hormone secretion, glycogen breakdown, smooth muscle relaxation, cardiac contraction, olfaction, and learning and memory. Physiological roles for individual adenylyl cyclase Isozymes, overview Mammalia 3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
?
ATP roles of G protein regulation of adenylyl cyclases in the brain, olfactory bulb, and heart, overview. Roles for cAMP in a vast number of biological systems, including but not limited to oogenesis, embryogenesis, larval development, hormone secretion, glycogen breakdown, smooth muscle relaxation, cardiac contraction, olfaction, and learning and memory. Physiological roles for individual adenylyl cyclase Isozymes, overview Mus musculus 3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
?
ATP the C1 and C2 domains form a single ATP-binding at their interface Mammalia 3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
?
ATP the C1 and C2 domains form a single ATP-binding at their interface Mus musculus 3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate
-
?
additional information key to regulation of AC is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview Mus musculus ?
-
?
additional information key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview Mammalia ?
-
?
additional information key to regulation of adenylate cyclase is the interface between the C1 and C2 domains which forms a single ATP-binding site, regulatory patterns and mechanisms for the various isozyme groups, detailed overview Mus musculus ?
-
?

Subunits

Subunits Comment Organism
More topology and structure of adenylyl cyclases, mammalian transmembrane adenylyl cyclases share a similar topology of a variable N-terminus and two repeats of a membrane-spanning domain followed by a cytoplasmic domain, the cytoplasmic domains form the catalytic moiety at their interface, creating a pseudosymmetrical site that is primed for bidirectional regulation, crystal structure analysis, overview Mammalia
More topology and structure of adenylyl cyclases, mammalian transmembrane adenylyl cyclases share a similar topology of a variable N-terminus and two repeats of a membrane-spanning domain followed by a cytoplasmic domain, the cytoplasmic domains form the catalytic moiety at their interface, creating a pseudosymmetrical site that is primed for bidirectional regulation, crystal structure analysis, overview Mus musculus

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
G protein-regulated adenylyl cyclase
-
Mammalia
G protein-regulated adenylyl cyclase
-
Mus musculus