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Literature summary for 4.3.1.24 extracted from

  • Okada, T.; Mikage, M.; Sekita, S.
    Molecular characterization of the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase from Ephedra sinica (2008), Biol. Pharm. Bull., 31, 2194-2199.
    View publication on PubMed

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
DNA and amino acid sequence determination, analysis, and comparison of PAL isozymes, expression and phylogenetic analysis Ephedra sinica

KM Value [mM]

KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
0.112
-
L-phenylalanine pH 8.5, 37°C, isozyme PAL3 Ephedra sinica
0.144
-
L-phenylalanine pH 8.5, 37°C, isozyme PAL2 Ephedra sinica
0.152
-
L-phenylalanine pH 8.5, 37°C, isozyme PAL1 Ephedra sinica
0.18
-
L-phenylalanine pH 8.5, 37°C, isozyme PAL4 Ephedra sinica

Molecular Weight [Da]

Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
79000
-
x * 79000, about, PAL isozymes, sequence calculation Ephedra sinica

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
L-phenylalanine Ephedra sinica in ephedrine alkaloid biosynthesis in Ephedra, trans-cinnamic acid produced from a PAL reaction is converted into benzoic acid or benzoyl-CoA by beta-oxidation, branching off from the common phenylpropanoid pathway, biosynthetic pathway of ephedrine alkaloids, overview (E)-cinnamate + NH3
-
?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Ephedra sinica B5U983 PAL1; several pal genes encode at least four isoforms of PAL
-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
additional information the expression of pal genes in the roots is higher than in the plant’s aerial parts, the activity of PAL in the roots is also higher than in the aerial parts Ephedra sinica
-
root
-
Ephedra sinica
-

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] Comment Organism
0.0000115
-
aerial plant parts Ephedra sinica
0.0000783
-
roots Ephedra sinica

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
L-phenylalanine
-
Ephedra sinica (E)-cinnamate + NH3
-
?
L-phenylalanine in ephedrine alkaloid biosynthesis in Ephedra, trans-cinnamic acid produced from a PAL reaction is converted into benzoic acid or benzoyl-CoA by beta-oxidation, branching off from the common phenylpropanoid pathway, biosynthetic pathway of ephedrine alkaloids, overview Ephedra sinica (E)-cinnamate + NH3
-
?

Subunits

Subunits Comment Organism
? x * 79000, about, PAL isozymes, sequence calculation Ephedra sinica

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
More Ephedra sinica and and Pinus sp. PAL form a gymnosperm-type PAL subfamily Ephedra sinica
PAL
-
Ephedra sinica

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
37
-
assay at Ephedra sinica

Turnover Number [1/s]

Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
0.362
-
L-phenylalanine pH 8.5, 37°C, isozyme PAL3 Ephedra sinica
0.457
-
L-phenylalanine pH 8.5, 37°C, isozyme PAL2 Ephedra sinica
0.516
-
L-phenylalanine pH 8.5, 37°C, isozyme PAL4 Ephedra sinica
0.588
-
L-phenylalanine pH 8.5, 37°C, isozyme PAL1 Ephedra sinica

pH Optimum

pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
8.5
-
assay at Ephedra sinica