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Literature summary for 4.1.1.15 extracted from

  • Awad, R.; Crump, K.; Mullally, M.; Sardana, R.K.; Arnason, J.T.; Trudeau, V.L.
    An improved method for production of recombinant human glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 for use in phytopharmaceutical assessment (2008), Pharm. Biol., 46, 72-81 .
No PubMed abstract available

Activating Compound

Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
asiaticoside stimulates at 0.0104 mM in vitro by 22%. No stimulation is observed in the absence of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, so it is unlikely that asiaticoside acts as a PLP mimic Homo sapiens
bilobalide stimulates at 0.0306 mM in vitro by 18% Homo sapiens

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
gene GAD65, recombinant expression of GST-tagged or MBP-fusion wild-type enzyme, a 1757-bp hGAD65 insert from the pET-5C plasmid subcloned into the pMAL-c2X protein fusion system, in Escherichia coli strain DH5alpha, 1.6fold higher hGAD65 activity of the purified MBP-tagged enzyme construct compared to GST-tagged enzyme Homo sapiens

Inhibitors

Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
3-Mercaptopropionic acid
-
Homo sapiens
allylglycine
-
Homo sapiens
betulinic acid
-
Homo sapiens
additional information ginsenosides in ginseng extract, high content of Rb1, inhibit the enzyme Homo sapiens
ursolic acid
-
Homo sapiens
valerenic acid
-
Homo sapiens

Localization

Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
membrane
-
Homo sapiens 16020
-

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
L-glutamate Homo sapiens
-
4-aminobutanoate + CO2
-
?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Homo sapiens Q05329
-
-

Purification (Commentary)

Purification (Comment) Organism
recombinant GST-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli strain DH5alpha by glutathione affinity chromatography, recombinant MBP-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli strain DH5alpha by amylose affinity chromatography Homo sapiens

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] Comment Organism
0.00024
-
recombinant GST-tagged enzyme, pH 8.0, 37°C Homo sapiens
0.00038
-
recombinant MBP-tagged enzyme, pH 8.0, 37°C Homo sapiens

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
L-glutamate
-
Homo sapiens 4-aminobutanoate + CO2
-
?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
GAD65
-
Homo sapiens
glutamic acid decarboxylase 65
-
Homo sapiens

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
37
-
assay at Homo sapiens

pH Optimum

pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
7.4 8 assay at Homo sapiens

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate dependent on Homo sapiens

IC50 Value

IC50 Value IC50 Value Maximum Comment Organism Inhibitor Structure
0.0123
-
recombinant MBP-tagged enzyme, pH 8.0, 37°C Homo sapiens 3-Mercaptopropionic acid

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
malfunction disturbances in GABA levels are responsible for a host of neurologic diseases. A reduction in GABA is also implicated in certain anxiety states such as panic disorder (PD). People suffering from PD have 22% lower GABA levels in the occipital cortex Homo sapiens
physiological function glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme responsible for the synthesis of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a crucial inhibitory neurotransmitter in vertebrate brain. GAD produces GABA from the decarboxylation of glutamic acid. GABA is involved in development and regulation of neuroendocrine function Homo sapiens