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Literature summary for 3.8.1.8 extracted from

  • Vail, A.; Wang, P.; Uefuji, H.; Samac, D.; Vance, C.; Wackett, L.; Sadowsky, M.
    Biodegradation of atrazine by three transgenic grasses and alfalfa expressing a modified bacterial atrazine chlorohydrolase gene (2015), Transgenic Res., 24, 475-488.
    View publication on PubMed

Application

Application Comment Organism
environmental protection bioremidiation, use of enhanced expression of a modified bacterial atrazine chlorohydrolase, p-AtzA, in transgenic grasses, tall fescue or Festuca arundinacea, ryegrass or Lolium perenne, and switchgrass or Panicum virgatum, and the legume alfalfa, Medicago sativa, for the biodegradation of atrazine Pseudomonas sp.

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
gene atzA, transgenic expression in grasses, tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, and switchgrass, and the legume alfalfa or Medicago sativa, enhanced expression of p-AtzA is obtained by using combinations of the badnavirus promoter, the maize alcohol dehydrogenase first intron, and the maize ubiquitin promoter. For Medicago sativa, the first intron of the 5'-untranslated region tobacco alcohol dehydrogenase gene and the cassava vein mosaic virus promoter is used. Resistance of plants to atrazine in agar-based and hydroponic growth assays is correlated with in vivo levels of gene expression and atrazine degradation, trnasfection by Biolistic or by Agrobacterium tumefaciens methods, phenotypes, overview Pseudomonas sp.

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
atrazine + H2O Pseudomonas sp.
-
4-(ethylamino)-2-hydroxy-6-(isopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazine + chloride
-
?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Pseudomonas sp. P72156 gene atzA
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
atrazine + H2O
-
Pseudomonas sp. 4-(ethylamino)-2-hydroxy-6-(isopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazine + chloride
-
?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
AtzA
-
Pseudomonas sp.

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
metabolism the enzyme is critical in the atrazine degradation pathway Pseudomonas sp.
physiological function Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP completely biodegrades atrazine to carbon dioxide and ammonia through the consecutive action of six catabolic enzymes, encoded by atzABCDEF, located on a selftransmissible plasmid, pADP-1. The first reaction is initiated by the enzyme AtzA, resulting in the dechlorination of atrazine to yield hydroxyatrazine, which is non-herbicidal and non-phytotoxic Pseudomonas sp.