Application | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
environmental protection | bioremidiation, use of enhanced expression of a modified bacterial atrazine chlorohydrolase, p-AtzA, in transgenic grasses, tall fescue or Festuca arundinacea, ryegrass or Lolium perenne, and switchgrass or Panicum virgatum, and the legume alfalfa, Medicago sativa, for the biodegradation of atrazine | Pseudomonas sp. |
Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
gene atzA, transgenic expression in grasses, tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, and switchgrass, and the legume alfalfa or Medicago sativa, enhanced expression of p-AtzA is obtained by using combinations of the badnavirus promoter, the maize alcohol dehydrogenase first intron, and the maize ubiquitin promoter. For Medicago sativa, the first intron of the 5'-untranslated region tobacco alcohol dehydrogenase gene and the cassava vein mosaic virus promoter is used. Resistance of plants to atrazine in agar-based and hydroponic growth assays is correlated with in vivo levels of gene expression and atrazine degradation, trnasfection by Biolistic or by Agrobacterium tumefaciens methods, phenotypes, overview | Pseudomonas sp. |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
atrazine + H2O | Pseudomonas sp. | - |
4-(ethylamino)-2-hydroxy-6-(isopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazine + chloride | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Pseudomonas sp. | P72156 | gene atzA | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
atrazine + H2O | - |
Pseudomonas sp. | 4-(ethylamino)-2-hydroxy-6-(isopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazine + chloride | - |
? |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
AtzA | - |
Pseudomonas sp. |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
metabolism | the enzyme is critical in the atrazine degradation pathway | Pseudomonas sp. |
physiological function | Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP completely biodegrades atrazine to carbon dioxide and ammonia through the consecutive action of six catabolic enzymes, encoded by atzABCDEF, located on a selftransmissible plasmid, pADP-1. The first reaction is initiated by the enzyme AtzA, resulting in the dechlorination of atrazine to yield hydroxyatrazine, which is non-herbicidal and non-phytotoxic | Pseudomonas sp. |