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Literature summary for 3.5.4.37 extracted from

  • Samuel, C.E.
    Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) are both antiviral and proviral (2011), Virology, 411, 180-193.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC
Search for more literature for 3.5.4.37

Localization

Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
cytoplasm the ADAR1 p150 protein is found in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus, whereas the p110 protein localizes predominantly if not exclusively to the nucleus Homo sapiens 5737
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nucleus the ADAR1 p150 protein is found in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus, whereas the p110 protein localizes predominantly if not exclusively to the nucleus Homo sapiens 5634
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Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
adenine in double-stranded RNA + H2O Homo sapiens A-to-I editing is a form of nucleotide substitution editing, because I is decoded as guanosine instead of A by ribosomes during translation and by polymerases during RNA-dependent RNA replication. Additionally, A-to-I editing can alter RNA structure stability as I:U mismatches are less stable than A:U base pairs. Both viral and cellular RNAs are edited by ADARs. A-to-I editing is of broad physiologic significance. Among the outcomes of A-to-I editing are biochemical changes that affect how viruses interact with their hosts, changes that can lead to either enhanced or reduced virus growth and persistence depending upon the specific virus hypoxanthine in double-stranded RNA + NH3
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 ?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Homo sapiens
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Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
brain ubiquitously expressed in most tissues but is most abundant in the brain Homo sapiens
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Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
adenine in double-stranded RNA + H2O A-to-I editing is a form of nucleotide substitution editing, because I is decoded as guanosine instead of A by ribosomes during translation and by polymerases during RNA-dependent RNA replication. Additionally, A-to-I editing can alter RNA structure stability as I:U mismatches are less stable than A:U base pairs. Both viral and cellular RNAs are edited by ADARs. A-to-I editing is of broad physiologic significance. Among the outcomes of A-to-I editing are biochemical changes that affect how viruses interact with their hosts, changes that can lead to either enhanced or reduced virus growth and persistence depending upon the specific virus Homo sapiens hypoxanthine in double-stranded RNA + NH3
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 ?
adenine in double-stranded RNA + H2O the specificity of the ADAR1 and ADAR2 deaminases ranges from highly site-selective to non-selective, dependent on the duplex structure of the substrate RNA Homo sapiens hypoxanthine in double-stranded RNA + NH3
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 ?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
ADAR1
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 Homo sapiens
ADAR2
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 Homo sapiens

Expression

Organism Comment Expression
Homo sapiens ADAR1 is interferon-inducible, ADAR2 is constitutively expressed up