Literature summary for 3.5.1.24 extracted from

Patel, A.K.; Singhania, R.R.; Pandey, A.; Chincholkar, S.B.
Probiotic bile salt hydrolase: current developments and perspectives (2010), Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 162, 166-180.

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment)	Organism
DNA and amino acid sequence determination, analysis, and comparison of BSH from strain PF01, expression in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)	Lactobacillus acidophilus
genes bsh are cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli	Bifidobacterium longum
vector-free engineering by chromosomal integration of an exogenous cbh gene, encoding the conjugated BSH, is cloned and expressed in Lactobacillus casei strain LK1 with the aid of pSMA23-derived vectors	Lactiplantibacillus plantarum

Protein Variants

Protein Variants	Comment	Organism
additional information	BSH from strain ATCC 4005 is immobilized on 0.5% gellan gum gel for potential economic utilization	Lentilactobacillus buchneri
additional information	BSH is microencapsulated by foodgrade whey protein-gum arabic, comparison to living Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 in vitro, endogenously producing BSH, for its catalytic efficacy. BSH efficacy is better against pancreatin and low gastric pH initially, but its activity decreases further due to proteolytic degradation, whereas WCFS1 cells withstands such conditions. Bile salt deconjugation rates of microencapsulated BSH overproducing cells of strain 80 are 0.0049 mmol/g microcapsule per h towards glycoconjugates and 0.00079 mmol/g microcapsule per h towards tauroconjugates in the simulated gastro-intestine	Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
additional information	knockout of gene bshA gene of strain NCFM decreases the ability to hydrolyze the chenodeoxycholic containing bile salts, e.g., taurochenodeoxycholic acid and glycochenodeoxycholic acid	Lactobacillus acidophilus
additional information	substitution of the N-terminal Cys with Ser or Thr results in an inactive enzyme, which emphasizes the importance of the presence of cysteine. The enzyme is immobilized by micro-encapsulation showing low acid resistance	Bifidobacterium longum
additional information	the enzyme is immobilized by micro-encapsulation. The microcapsules metabolize glyco- and tauroconjugated bile salts at rates of 0.0102 and 0.00185 mmol/g microcapsule per hour, respectively, and show better acid resistance. They exhibit an improved deconjugation with 49.4% of glycoconjugates per h in a simulated human gastrointestinal model and complete deconjugation after 4 h	Limosilactobacillus reuteri

Inhibitors

Inhibitors	Comment	Organism
iodoacetate	strong inhibition	Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
additional information	BSH is vigorously inhibited by thiol enzyme inhibitors	Bifidobacterium longum
periodic acid	strong inhibition	Lactiplantibacillus plantarum

KM Value [mM]

KM Value [mM]	KM Value Maximum [mM]	Substrate	Comment	Organism	Structure
0.00308	-	glycodeoxycholic acid	pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication	Brevibacillus sp.
0.5	-	glycocholic acid	pH 5.8-6.3, temperature not specified in the publication	Lactiplantibacillus plantarum

Molecular Weight [Da]

Molecular Weight [Da]	Molecular Weight Maximum [Da]	Comment	Organism
35042	-	4 * 35042	Bifidobacterium longum
37000	-	x * 37000, BSH from strain CK102	Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
56000	-	2 * 56000	Brevibacillus sp.
125000	150000	-	Bifidobacterium longum

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.
glycocholic acid + H2O	Lactiplantibacillus plantarum	strain CK102	3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholanate + glycine	-	?
glycodeoxycholic acid + H2O	Brevibacillus sp.	-	3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate + glycine	-	?
additional information	Bifidobacterium longum	BSH can hydrolyze all the six major human bile salts and at least two animal bile salts. BSH from five strains show a better deconjugation rate on glycine-conjugated bile salts than on taurine-conjugated forms	?	-	?
additional information	Lactobacillus acidophilus	BSH catalyzes the hydrolysis of amide bond in conjugated bile salts and free amino acids are released, which form the deconjugated bile acid, mainly cholic and quenodeoxycholic	?	-	?
additional information	Lentilactobacillus buchneri	strain JCM1069 exhibits hydrolase activity against the taurodeoxycholic acid but not against the taurocholic acid, although both acids have taurine as their amino acid moiety but vary in their steroid moieties at 7alpha position	?	-	?
additional information	Brevibacillus sp.	the enzyme hydrolyzes all of the six major human bile salts	?	-	?

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Bifidobacterium longum	-	strain ATCC 11863	-
Brevibacillus sp.	-	-	-
Clostridium perfringens	-	-	-
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum	-	strain WCFS1 with four bsh genes, and strains CK102 and 80	-
Lactobacillus acidophilus	-	strain NCFM with genes bshA and bshB, and strain PF01	-
Lactobacillus johnsonii	-	strain 100-100, two different antigenic conjugated BSHs, BSHalpha and BSHbeta	-
Lentilactobacillus buchneri	-	strains ATCC 4005 and JCM1069	-
Limosilactobacillus fermentum	-	-	-
Limosilactobacillus reuteri	-	-	-

Purification (Commentary)

Purification (Comment)	Organism
recombinant BSH from strain PF01 purifed from recombinant Escherichia coli strrain BL21(DE3)	Lactobacillus acidophilus

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.
glycochenodeoxycholic acid + H2O	-	Lactobacillus acidophilus	3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate + glycine	-	?
glycocholic acid + H2O	strain CK102	Lactiplantibacillus plantarum	3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholanate + glycine	-	?
glycodeoxycholic acid + H2O	-	Brevibacillus sp.	3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate + glycine	-	?
additional information	BSH can hydrolyze all the six major human bile salts and at least two animal bile salts. BSH from five strains show a better deconjugation rate on glycine-conjugated bile salts than on taurine-conjugated forms	Bifidobacterium longum	?	-	?
additional information	BSH catalyzes the hydrolysis of amide bond in conjugated bile salts and free amino acids are released, which form the deconjugated bile acid, mainly cholic and quenodeoxycholic	Lactobacillus acidophilus	?	-	?
additional information	strain JCM1069 exhibits hydrolase activity against the taurodeoxycholic acid but not against the taurocholic acid, although both acids have taurine as their amino acid moiety but vary in their steroid moieties at 7alpha position	Lentilactobacillus buchneri	?	-	?
additional information	the enzyme hydrolyzes all of the six major human bile salts	Brevibacillus sp.	?	-	?
additional information	BSHs BSHs is highly substrate-specific and can identify its substrate, bile acids, on amino acid groups, glycine/taurine, and also on cholate steroid nucleus. BSH recognizes the cholate group	Lactiplantibacillus plantarum	?	-	?
additional information	BSHs is highly substrate-specific and can identify its substrate, bile acids, on amino acid groups, glycine/taurine, and also on cholate steroid nucleus. BSH recognizes the cholate group. No activity with taurocholic acid	Lentilactobacillus buchneri	?	-	?
additional information	BSHs is highly substrate-specific, the two isozymes, encoded by two bsh genes, show different substrate specificities. BSHs can identify its substrate, bile acids, on amino acid groups, glycine/taurine, and also on cholate steroid nucleus. BSH recognizes the cholate group. The recombinant BSH from strain PF01 is active with tauroconjugated bile salts, but not with glycoconjugated bile slats	Lactobacillus acidophilus	?	-	?
additional information	the SH group in the N-terminal cysteine is responsible for BSH activity, and amino acids, viz. Asp20, Tyr82, Asn175, and Arg228, are believed to take part actively along with Cys in catalysis of bile salts	Bifidobacterium longum	?	-	?
taurochenodeoxycholic acid + H2O	-	Lactobacillus acidophilus	3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate + taurine	-	?
taurodeoxycholic acid + H2O	-	Lentilactobacillus buchneri	3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate + taurine	-	?

Subunits

Subunits	Comment	Organism
?	x * 37000, BSH from strain CK102	Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
homodimer	2 * 56000	Brevibacillus sp.
tetramer	4 * 35042	Bifidobacterium longum
trimer	BSHalpha and BSHbeta are combined to form native homo- and heterotrimers	Lactobacillus johnsonii

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
bile salt hydrolase	-	Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
bile salt hydrolase	-	Limosilactobacillus fermentum
bile salt hydrolase	-	Lentilactobacillus buchneri
bile salt hydrolase	-	Clostridium perfringens
bile salt hydrolase	-	Lactobacillus acidophilus
bile salt hydrolase	-	Limosilactobacillus reuteri
bile salt hydrolase	-	Bifidobacterium longum
bile salt hydrolase	-	Lactobacillus johnsonii
bile salt hydrolase	-	Brevibacillus sp.
BSH	-	Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
BSH	-	Limosilactobacillus fermentum
BSH	-	Lentilactobacillus buchneri
BSH	-	Clostridium perfringens
BSH	-	Lactobacillus acidophilus
BSH	-	Limosilactobacillus reuteri
BSH	-	Bifidobacterium longum
BSH	-	Lactobacillus johnsonii
BSH	-	Brevibacillus sp.
cholylglycine hydrolase	-	Lactobacillus acidophilus
More	BSH is a member of Ntn hydrolase family	Clostridium perfringens
More	the enzyme is a member of the N-terminal nucleophil hydrolase superfamily, possessing the characteristic alphabetabetaalpha tetra-lamellar tertiary structure arrangement in it	Bifidobacterium longum
probiotic bile salt hydrolase	-	Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
probiotic bile salt hydrolase	-	Limosilactobacillus fermentum
probiotic bile salt hydrolase	-	Lentilactobacillus buchneri
probiotic bile salt hydrolase	-	Clostridium perfringens
probiotic bile salt hydrolase	-	Lactobacillus acidophilus
probiotic bile salt hydrolase	-	Limosilactobacillus reuteri
probiotic bile salt hydrolase	-	Bifidobacterium longum
probiotic bile salt hydrolase	-	Lactobacillus johnsonii
probiotic bile salt hydrolase	-	Brevibacillus sp.

Turnover Number [1/s]

Turnover Number Minimum [1/s]	Turnover Number Maximum [1/s]	Substrate	Comment	Organism	Structure
632	-	glycodeoxycholic acid	pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication	Brevibacillus sp.

pI Value

Organism	Comment	pI Value Maximum	pI Value
Bifidobacterium longum	BSH type B	-	4.45
Bifidobacterium longum	BSH types A and C	-	4.65

Expression

Organism	Comment	Expression
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum	rapid induction of BSH expression by bile	up
Lentilactobacillus buchneri	rapid induction of BSH expression by bile	up
Lactobacillus acidophilus	rapid induction of BSH expression by bile	up

General Information

General Information	Comment	Organism
evolution	the BSH from Bifidobactrium longum demonstrates a evolutionary relationship with penicillin V acylase	Bifidobacterium longum
physiological function	BSH is an enzyme produced by several bacterial species in the human or animal gastrointestinal tract that catalyzes the glycine- or taurine-linked bile salt deconjugation reaction. Presence of bile salt hydrolase in probiotics renders them more tolerant to bile salts, which also helps to reduce the blood cholesterol level of the host, physiological functions of probiotics, overview	Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
physiological function	BSH is an enzyme produced by several bacterial species in the human or animal gastrointestinal tract that catalyzes the glycine- or taurine-linked bile salt deconjugation reaction. Presence of bile salt hydrolase in probiotics renders them more tolerant to bile salts, which also helps to reduce the blood cholesterol level of the host, physiological functions of probiotics, overview	Limosilactobacillus fermentum
physiological function	BSH is an enzyme produced by several bacterial species in the human or animal gastrointestinal tract that catalyzes the glycine- or taurine-linked bile salt deconjugation reaction. Presence of bile salt hydrolase in probiotics renders them more tolerant to bile salts, which also helps to reduce the blood cholesterol level of the host, physiological functions of probiotics, overview	Lentilactobacillus buchneri
physiological function	BSH is an enzyme produced by several bacterial species in the human or animal gastrointestinal tract that catalyzes the glycine- or taurine-linked bile salt deconjugation reaction. Presence of bile salt hydrolase in probiotics renders them more tolerant to bile salts, which also helps to reduce the blood cholesterol level of the host, physiological functions of probiotics, overview	Clostridium perfringens
physiological function	BSH is an enzyme produced by several bacterial species in the human or animal gastrointestinal tract that catalyzes the glycine- or taurine-linked bile salt deconjugation reaction. Presence of bile salt hydrolase in probiotics renders them more tolerant to bile salts, which also helps to reduce the blood cholesterol level of the host, physiological functions of probiotics, overview	Lactobacillus acidophilus
physiological function	BSH is an enzyme produced by several bacterial species in the human or animal gastrointestinal tract that catalyzes the glycine- or taurine-linked bile salt deconjugation reaction. Presence of bile salt hydrolase in probiotics renders them more tolerant to bile salts, which also helps to reduce the blood cholesterol level of the host, physiological functions of probiotics, overview	Limosilactobacillus reuteri
physiological function	BSH is an enzyme produced by several bacterial species in the human or animal gastrointestinal tract that catalyzes the glycine- or taurine-linked bile salt deconjugation reaction. Presence of bile salt hydrolase in probiotics renders them more tolerant to bile salts, which also helps to reduce the blood cholesterol level of the host, physiological functions of probiotics, overview	Bifidobacterium longum
physiological function	BSH is an enzyme produced by several bacterial species in the human or animal gastrointestinal tract that catalyzes the glycine- or taurine-linked bile salt deconjugation reaction. Presence of bile salt hydrolase in probiotics renders them more tolerant to bile salts, which also helps to reduce the blood cholesterol level of the host, physiological functions of probiotics, overview	Lactobacillus johnsonii
physiological function	BSH is an enzyme produced by several bacterial species in the human or animal gastrointestinal tract that catalyzes the glycine- or taurine-linked bile salt deconjugation reaction. Presence of bile salt hydrolase in probiotics renders them more tolerant to bile salts, which also helps to reduce the blood cholesterol level of the host, physiological functions of probiotics, overview	Brevibacillus sp.