Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
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transient co-expression of human furin and human TGF-beta1 in the presence of the latency-associated peptide (LAP) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves processing of the latent complex by a furin-like protease does not occur in planta. The use of a chitinase signal peptide enhances the expression and secretion of LAP-TGF-beta1, and co-expression of human furin enables the proteolytic processing of latent TGF-beta1 into a biologically active protein. Mature TGF-beta1 can be expressed without LAP, but results in necrosis (due to improper signal peptide cleavage). The Fc portion of immunoglobulin alpha 1 (Fcalpha), a natural dimer, is used as a fusion partner allowing dimerization of TGF-beta1. Furin requires multiple processing steps and correct localization within the secretory pathway to become active. Biological activity of Fcalpha-TGF-beta1 in crude plant extracts is assessed in a cell-based assay using mink lung epithelial cells carrying a TGF-beta-responsive luciferase reporter gene that is activated upon binding to the TGF-beta receptor. Proteolytic processing of LAP-TGF-beta1 in plants requires co-expression of furin | Homo sapiens |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
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pro-transforming growth factor-beta1 + H2O | Homo sapiens | - |
transforming growth factor-beta1 + propeptide | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
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Homo sapiens | P09958 | - |
- |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
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pro-transforming growth factor-beta1 + H2O | - |
Homo sapiens | transforming growth factor-beta1 + propeptide | - |
? |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
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physiological function | transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is a signalling molecule that plays a key role in developmental and immunological processes in mammals. Pro-TGF-beta forms homodimers and is further processed in the trans-Golgi by a furin protease. Proteolytic cleavage by furin separates mature TGF-beta from latency-associated peptide (LAP). This dimeric complex is called the small latency complex (SLC) and keeps mature TGF-beta in an inactive form. Furin requires multiple processing steps and correct localization within the secretory pathway to become active | Homo sapiens |