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Literature summary for 3.4.21.69 extracted from

  • Jackson, C.J.; Xue, M.
    Activated protein C - an anticoagulant that does more than stop clots (2008), Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 40, 2692-2697.
    View publication on PubMed
Search for more literature for 3.4.21.69

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
gene PROC, location on on chromosome 2 (2q13–q14) Homo sapiens

Localization

Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
extracellular
-
 Homo sapiens
-
-

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
active factor Va + H2O Homo sapiens proteolytic inactivation inactive factor V + ?
-
 ?
active factor VIIIa + H2O Homo sapiens proteolytic inactivation inactive factor VIII + domain B
-
 ?
additional information Homo sapiens the protein C pathway plays a key role in the regulation of blood coagulation, APC inhibits thrombin generation, and functions as a physiological anticoagulant with cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, mechanisms, overview, APC exerts its protective effects via an intriguing mechanism requiring endothelial protein C receptor and the thrombin receptor, protease-activated receptor-1, but even though APC cleaves this receptor in an identical fashion to thrombin, it exerts opposing effects, overview, administration of APC leads to reduced mortality in a subset of patients with severe sepsis, APC improves cerebral blood flow in the ischemic hemisphere and markedly reduces the volume of brain injury caused by middle cerebral vein occlusion effects, APC dramatically inhibits NFkappa B activity and TNF-alpha in monocytes from rheumatoid arthritis patients, APC protects against diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting endothelial and podocyte apoptosis, APC may have beneficial effects in patients with inflammatory lung diseases, APC stimulates new blood vessel formation and ectodermal epithelial cells to grow across the top of the gelatin sponge in the chorio-allantoic membrane assay ?
-
 ?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Homo sapiens
-
 gene PROC
-

Posttranslational Modification

Posttranslational Modification Comment Organism
glycoprotein N-glycosylation of residues 97, 248, 313, and 329 Homo sapiens
side-chain modification beta-hydroxylation of Asp71, and carboxylation of nine glutamic acid residues in the N-terminus Homo sapiens

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
endothelial cell enzyme synthesis Homo sapiens
-
hematopoietic cell enzyme synthesis Homo sapiens
-
keratinocyte enzyme synthesis Homo sapiens
-
liver enzyme synthesis Homo sapiens
-
additional information inactive zymogen protein C is produced by endothelial cells and keratinocytes, secreted and activated on the cell surface by binding to endothelial protein C receptor and cleaved by thrombin bound to thrombomodulin Homo sapiens
-
plasma the inactive zymogen circulates in plasma at 70 nM, whereas the activated protein C is present in considerably lower concentrations Homo sapiens
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
active factor Va + H2O proteolytic inactivation Homo sapiens inactive factor V + ?
-
 ?
active factor VIIIa + H2O proteolytic inactivation Homo sapiens inactive factor VIII + domain B
-
 ?
additional information the protein C pathway plays a key role in the regulation of blood coagulation, APC inhibits thrombin generation, and functions as a physiological anticoagulant with cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, mechanisms, overview, APC exerts its protective effects via an intriguing mechanism requiring endothelial protein C receptor and the thrombin receptor, protease-activated receptor-1, but even though APC cleaves this receptor in an identical fashion to thrombin, it exerts opposing effects, overview, administration of APC leads to reduced mortality in a subset of patients with severe sepsis, APC improves cerebral blood flow in the ischemic hemisphere and markedly reduces the volume of brain injury caused by middle cerebral vein occlusion effects, APC dramatically inhibits NFkappa B activity and TNF-alpha in monocytes from rheumatoid arthritis patients, APC protects against diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting endothelial and podocyte apoptosis, APC may have beneficial effects in patients with inflammatory lung diseases, APC stimulates new blood vessel formation and ectodermal epithelial cells to grow across the top of the gelatin sponge in the chorio-allantoic membrane assay Homo sapiens ?
-
 ?

Subunits

Subunits Comment Organism
More enzyme structure, overview, the enzyme contains the N-terminal Gladomain, residues 1-37, two epidermal growth factor-like regions, residues 46-92 and 93-136, an activation peptide, residues 158-169, and the serine protease domain, residue 170-419 Homo sapiens

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
Activated protein C
-
 Homo sapiens
APC
-
 Homo sapiens