Literature summary for 3.1.4.39 extracted from

Tanaka, M.; Okudaira, S.; Kishi, Y.; Ohkawa, R.; Iseki, S.; Ota, M.; Noji, S.; Yatomi, Y.; Aoki, J.; Arai, H.
Autotaxin stabilizes blood vessels and is required for embryonic vasculature by producing lysophosphatidic acid (2006), J. Biol. Chem., 281, 25822-25830.

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment)	Organism
atx-/-, atx+/-, and atx+/+ uncover the physiological role of ATX and to identify the endogenous product of ATX, ATX gene is targeted with an ATXgene-targeting vector. Plasma lysoPLD activity, plasma lysophosphatidic acid concentrations and plasma ATX protein level in atx+/-mice are about half the values found in atx+/+ mice. Embryos, early blood vessels appear to form properly, but fail to develop into mature vessels. ATX-null mice are lethal around embryonic day 10.5. Despite the reduced LPA level, heterozygous mice appear phenotypically normal. Viability and fecundity are similar to those in wild-type mice. Morphologies of atx+/+ and atx-/-embryo proper at E8.5, E9.5, and E10.5. Defects in vascular remodeling in atx-/-embryos shown. ATX and LPA stabilize preformed vessels and prevent endothelial disassembly in allantois explants	Mus musculus

Cloned (Comment)

Organism

atx-/-, atx+/-, and atx+/+ uncover the physiological role of ATX and to identify the endogenous product of ATX, ATX gene is targeted with an ATXgene-targeting vector. Plasma lysoPLD activity, plasma lysophosphatidic acid concentrations and plasma ATX protein level in atx+/-mice are about half the values found in atx+/+ mice. Embryos, early blood vessels appear to form properly, but fail to develop into mature vessels. ATX-null mice are lethal around embryonic day 10.5. Despite the reduced LPA level, heterozygous mice appear phenotypically normal. Viability and fecundity are similar to those in wild-type mice. Morphologies of atx+/+ and atx-/-embryo proper at E8.5, E9.5, and E10.5. Defects in vascular remodeling in atx-/-embryos shown. ATX and LPA stabilize preformed vessels and prevent endothelial disassembly in allantois explants

Mus musculus

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.	Reac.
lysophosphatidylcholine + H2O	Mus musculus	-	lysophosphatidic acid + choline	lysophosphatidic acid is a bioactive lysophospholipid present in circulating blood	?

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Mus musculus	-	-	-

Purification (Commentary)

Purification (Comment)	Organism
two recombinant mouse ATX proteins (wild-type ATX and catalytically inactive T209A mutant ATX) with a His tag at the N-terminus are expressed and purified using a baculovirus system and nickel column chromatography	Mus musculus

Source Tissue

Source Tissue	Comment	Organism	Textmining
blood	present in circulating blood. ATX is responsible for bulk lysophosphatidic acid production in plasma. Stabilizes blood vessels and is required for embryonic vasculature by producing lysophosphatidic acid	Mus musculus	-

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg]	Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg]	Comment	Organism
additional information	-	To deplete ATX from mouse serum, mouse serum is incubated with the 5E5-Sepharose 4B for 2 h at 4°C, and the resulting supernatant is used for measuring lysoPLD activity and lysophosphatidic acid production. Lysophospholipase D activity of plasma and amniotic fluids isolated from atx+/+ and atx+/-adult mice or atx+/+ and atx+/-embryos at different stages of development measured with immunohistochemistry. LysoPLD activity is determined by liberation of choline from lysophosphatidylcholine using myristyl-lysophosphatidylcholine as a substrate	Mus musculus

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.
lysophosphatidylcholine + H2O	-	Mus musculus	lysophosphatidic acid + choline	lysophosphatidic acid is a bioactive lysophospholipid present in circulating blood	?
lysophosphatidylcholine + H2O	-	Mus musculus	lysophosphatidic acid + choline	LPA, lysophosphatidic acid is a bioactive lysophospholipid present in circulating blood	?
sphingosylphosphorylcholine + H2O	-	Mus musculus	sphingosine 1-phosphate + choline	bioactive lysophospholipid, in vitro	?

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
ATX	-	Mus musculus
autotaxin	-	Mus musculus
lysophospholipase D	-	Mus musculus
lysoPLD	-	Mus musculus

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C]	Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C]	Comment	Organism
37	-	assay at	Mus musculus