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Literature summary for 3.1.4.12 extracted from
- Intestinal alkaline sphingomyelinase hydrolyses and inactivates platelet-activating factor by a phospholipase C activity (2006), Biochem. J., 394, 299-308.
Activating Compound
| Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| bile salt | dependent on, particularly taurocholate and taurochenodeoxycholate | Homo sapiens |  |
| bile salt | dependent on, particularly taurocholate and taurochenodeoxycholate | Rattus norvegicus | |
| taurochenodeoxycholate | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| taurochenodeoxycholate | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| taurochenodeoxycholate | stimulates hydrolysis of sphingomyelin and platelet-activating factor | Rattus norvegicus | |
| taurocholate | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| taurocholate | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| taurocholate | stimulates hydrolysis of sphingomyelin and platelet-activating factor | Rattus norvegicus | |
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| alk-SMase, expression of wild-type and mutant alk-Smase in COS-7 cells | Homo sapiens |
| expression in COS-7 cells | Homo sapiens |
Protein Variants
| Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| D199A | mutation abolishes hydrolysis of platelet-activating factor | Rattus norvegicus |
| D199A | mutation of the metal binding site of alk-SMase abolishes the enzyme activity | Homo sapiens |
| D246A | mutation abolishes hydrolysis of platelet-activating factor | Rattus norvegicus |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| CHAPS | hydrolysis of sphingomyelin and platelet-activating factor | Rattus norvegicus | |
| EDTA | alk-SMase activity with platelet-inactivating factor | Homo sapiens | |
| EDTA | alk-SMase activity with platelet-inactivating factor; inhibits hydrolysis of platelet-activating factor, no effect on hydrolysis of sphingomyelin | Rattus norvegicus | |
| platelet-activating factor | hydrolysis of sphingomyelin | Rattus norvegicus | |
| platelet-inactivating factor | competitive inhibition of sphingomyelin hydrolysis | Homo sapiens | |
| platelet-inactivating factor | competitive inhibition of sphingomyelin hydrolysis | Rattus norvegicus | |
| sphingomyelin | strong competitive inhibition of platelet-inactivating factor hydrolysis | Homo sapiens | |
| sphingomyelin | hydrolysis of platelet-activating factor; strong competitive inhibition of platelet-inactivating factor hydrolysis | Rattus norvegicus | |
| Triton X-100 | hydrolysis of sphingomyelin and platelet-activating factor | Rattus norvegicus | |
| Zn2+ | 0.1-0.25 mM inhibits hydrolysis of platelet-activating factor, concentrations above 0.25 mM inhibit hydrolysis of sphingomyelin and platelet-activating factor | Rattus norvegicus | |
KM Value [mM]
| KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.0136 | - |
platelet-activating factor | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zn2+ | 0.1-0.25 mM stimulates hydrolysis of platelet-activating factor | Rattus norvegicus | |
| Zn2+ | activates the alk-SMase activity with platelet-inactivating factor, mutation of the metal binding site abolishes the enzyme activity | Homo sapiens | |
| Zn2+ | activates the alk-SMase activity with platelet-inactivating factor, mutation of the metal binding site of alk-SMase abolishes the enzyme activity | Rattus norvegicus | |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| platelet-activating factor + H2O | Homo sapiens | the enzyme cleaves the phosphocholine head group from platelet-activating factor. Potential protective effect of the enzyme against inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer | 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol + choline phosphate | - |
? | |
| platelet-activating factor + H2O | Rattus norvegicus | the enzyme cleaves the phosphocholine head group from platelet-activating factor. Potential protective effect of the enzyme against inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer | 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol + choline phosphate | - |
? | |
| platelet-inactivating factor + H2O | Homo sapiens | alk-SMase hydrolyses and inactivates platelet-activating factor by a phospholipase C activity, alk-SMase cleaves the phosphocholine head group from PAF and generates 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol | 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol + choline phosphate + ? | - |
? | |
| platelet-inactivating factor + H2O | Rattus norvegicus | alk-SMase hydrolyses and inactivates platelet-activating factor by a phospholipase C activity, alk-SMase cleaves the phosphocholine head group from PAF and generates 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol | 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol + choline phosphate + ? | - |
? | |
| sphingomyelin + H2O | Rattus norvegicus | intestinal alkaline sphingomyelinase hydrolyses sphingomyelin to generate ceramide in the intestinal tract, and hydrolyses and inactivates platelet-activating factor by a phospholipase C activity, it may protect the intestinal mucosa from inflammation and tumorigenesis, overview | N-acylsphingosine + choline phosphate | - |
? | |
| sphingomyelin + H2O | Homo sapiens | intestinal alkaline sphingomyelinase hydrolyses sphingomyelin to generate ceramide in the intestinal tract, it may protect the intestinal mucosa from inflammation and tumorigenesis, overview | N-acylsphingosine + choline phosphate | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Homo sapiens | - |
- |
- |
| Rattus norvegicus | - |
- |
- |
Purification (Commentary)
| Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| recombinant alk-SMase from COS-7 cells | Rattus norvegicus |
| recombinant wild-type and mutant alk-Smase from COS-7 cells | Homo sapiens |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| HT-29 cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| intestine | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| intestine | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| leukocyte | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]
| Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | - |
- |
Homo sapiens |
| additional information | - |
- |
Rattus norvegicus |
| 6.23 | - |
purified enzyme with substrate platelet-inactivating factor | Rattus norvegicus |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| platelet-activating factor + H2O | the enzyme cleaves the phosphocholine head group from platelet-activating factor. Potential protective effect of the enzyme against inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer | Homo sapiens | 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol + choline phosphate | - |
? | |
| platelet-activating factor + H2O | the enzyme cleaves the phosphocholine head group from platelet-activating factor. Potential protective effect of the enzyme against inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer | Rattus norvegicus | 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol + choline phosphate | - |
? | |
| platelet-activating factor + H2O | the enzyme cleaves the phosphocholine head group from platelet-activating factor | Homo sapiens | 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol + choline phosphate | - |
? | |
| platelet-activating factor + H2O | the enzyme cleaves the phosphocholine head group from platelet-activating factor | Rattus norvegicus | 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol + choline phosphate | - |
? | |
| platelet-inactivating factor + H2O | - |
Homo sapiens | 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol + choline phosphate + ? | - |
? | |
| platelet-inactivating factor + H2O | - |
Rattus norvegicus | 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol + choline phosphate + ? | - |
? | |
| platelet-inactivating factor + H2O | alk-SMase hydrolyses and inactivates platelet-activating factor by a phospholipase C activity, alk-SMase cleaves the phosphocholine head group from PAF and generates 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol | Homo sapiens | 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol + choline phosphate + ? | - |
? | |
| platelet-inactivating factor + H2O | alk-SMase hydrolyses and inactivates platelet-activating factor by a phospholipase C activity, alk-SMase cleaves the phosphocholine head group from PAF and generates 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol | Rattus norvegicus | 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol + choline phosphate + ? | - |
? | |
| sphingomyelin + H2O | - |
Homo sapiens | N-acylsphingosine + choline phosphate | - |
? | |
| sphingomyelin + H2O | - |
Rattus norvegicus | N-acylsphingosine + choline phosphate | - |
? | |
| sphingomyelin + H2O | intestinal alkaline sphingomyelinase hydrolyses sphingomyelin to generate ceramide in the intestinal tract, and hydrolyses and inactivates platelet-activating factor by a phospholipase C activity, it may protect the intestinal mucosa from inflammation and tumorigenesis, overview | Rattus norvegicus | N-acylsphingosine + choline phosphate | - |
? | |
| sphingomyelin + H2O | intestinal alkaline sphingomyelinase hydrolyses sphingomyelin to generate ceramide in the intestinal tract, it may protect the intestinal mucosa from inflammation and tumorigenesis, overview | Homo sapiens | N-acylsphingosine + choline phosphate | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| alk-SMase | - |
Homo sapiens |
| alk-SMase | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
| alkaline sphingomyelinase | - |
Homo sapiens |
| alkaline sphingomyelinase | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
| intestinal alkaline sphingomyelinase | - |
Homo sapiens |
| intestinal alkaline sphingomyelinase | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
| More | alk-SMase is a member of the NPP, i.e. nucleotide diphosphatase/phosphodiesterase, family | Homo sapiens |
| More | alk-SMase is a member of the NPP, i.e. nucleotide diphosphatase/phosphodiesterase, family | Rattus norvegicus |
Temperature Optimum [°C]
| Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37 | - |
assay at | Homo sapiens |
| 37 | - |
assay at | Rattus norvegicus |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7.5 | - |
hydrolysis of platelet-activating factor | Rattus norvegicus |
| 7.5 | - |
alk-SMase activity with platelet-inactivating factor | Homo sapiens |
| 7.5 | - |
alk-SMase activity with platelet-inactivating factor | Rattus norvegicus |
| 9 | - |
hydrolysis of sphingomyelin | Rattus norvegicus |
| 9 | - |
alk-SMase activity on sphingomyelin | Homo sapiens |
| 9 | - |
alk-SMase activity on sphingomyelin | Rattus norvegicus |
pH Range
| pH Minimum | pH Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | 10 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| 5 | 10 | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
| 6 | 9 | pH 6.0: about 55% of maximal activity, pH 9.0: about 35% of maximal activity, hydrolysis of platelet-activating factor | Rattus norvegicus |
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