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Literature summary for 3.1.1.4 extracted from
- Phospholipase A2 biochemistry (2009), Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther., 23, 49-59.
Activating Compound
| Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | Ser727 phosphorylation mediates GIVA PLA2 activity through disruption of the complex formed between annexin A2, p11, and GIVA PLA2, while Ser515 phosphorylation increases in vitro activity of the enzyme 3fold, and may also activate the enzyme through a conformational change | Homo sapiens |
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| GVIA-2 iPLA2 is membrane-associated when overexpressed in COS-7 cells as well as rat vascular smooth muscle cells. The human group VIA PLA2 gene yields multiple splice variants, including GVIA-1, GVIA-2, GVIA-3 PLA2, GVIA ankyrin-1 and GVIA ankyrin-2 | Homo sapiens |
Crystallization (Commentary)
| Crystallization (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| group IVA PLA2 isozyme, crystal structure determination and analysis | Homo sapiens |
Protein Variants
| Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| additional information | knockout mice deficient in GIVA PLA2 show significant decreases in allergic response, damage from acute lung injury, and postischaemic brain injury | Mus musculus |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calmodulin | GVIA PLA2 is regulated by calmodulin which negatively regulates GVIA PLA2 through direct binding on the residues 694-705 of GVIA-1 PLA2 | Homo sapiens |  |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cytosol | cPLA2 isozymes of group IVA, IVB, IVC, IVD | Homo sapiens | 5829 | - |
| cytosol | cPLA2 isozymes of group IVA, IVD, IVE, IVF | Mus musculus | 5829 | - |
| extracellular | group IA sPLA2 | Naja naja | - |
- |
| extracellular | group IB sPLA2 | Sus scrofa | - |
- |
| extracellular | group IIA sPLA2 | Crotalus sp. | - |
- |
| extracellular | group IIB sPLA2 | Bitis gabonica | - |
- |
| extracellular | group IIC sPLA2 | Rattus norvegicus | - |
- |
| extracellular | group IIi sPLA2 | Apis mellifera | - |
- |
| extracellular | group XIII sPLA2 | Protoparvovirus | - |
- |
| extracellular | PLA2-I and PLA2-II | Oryza sativa | - |
- |
| extracellular | sPLA2 isozymes of groups IIC, IIE, IIF, IID, IIi, V, X, and XII | Mus musculus | - |
- |
| extracellular | sPLA2 isozymes of groups X, IB, IIA, IIE, IIF, IID, IIi, V, and XII | Homo sapiens | - |
- |
| lysosome | lysosomal PLA2 isozyme | Mus musculus | 5764 | - |
| lysosome | lysosomal PLA2 isozyme | Homo sapiens | 5764 | - |
| lysosome | lysosomal PLA2 isozyme | Bos taurus | 5764 | - |
| membrane | binding of the GIVA PLA2 to the membrane is mediated through three mechanisms: Ca2+ mediated translocation, binding of secondary lipid messengers, and phosphorylation | Mus musculus | 16020 | - |
| membrane | binding of the GIVA PLA2 to the membrane is mediated through three mechanisms: Ca2+ mediated translocation, binding of secondary lipid messengers, and phosphorylation | Homo sapiens | 16020 | - |
| membrane | binding of the GIVA PLA2 to the membrane is mediated through three mechanisms: Ca2+ mediated translocation, binding of secondary lipid messengers, and phosphorylation | Bos taurus | 16020 | - |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ca2+ | required by sPLA2 | Mus musculus | |
| Ca2+ | required by sPLA2 | Homo sapiens | |
| Ca2+ | required by sPLA2 | Rattus norvegicus | |
| Ca2+ | required by sPLA2 | Sus scrofa | |
| Ca2+ | required by sPLA2 | Apis mellifera | |
| Ca2+ | required by sPLA2 | Oryza sativa | |
| Ca2+ | required by sPLA2 | Bitis gabonica | |
| Ca2+ | required by sPLA2 | Naja naja | |
| Ca2+ | required by sPLA2 | Crotalus sp. | |
| Ca2+ | required by sPLA2 | Protoparvovirus | |
| additional information | Ca2+ independent PLA2, iPLA2s, includes six different types GVIA, GVIB, GVIC, GVID, GVIE, and GVIF PLA2 | Homo sapiens | |
| additional information | Ca2+ independent PLA2, iPLA2s, includes three different types GVIA, GVIB, and GVIC PLA2 | Mus musculus |
Molecular Weight [Da]
| Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 85000 | - |
x * 85000-114000, cytosolic cPLA2s, x * 85000, group IVA PLA2 isozyme | Homo sapiens |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | Mus musculus | the phospholipase A2 superfamily consists of many different groups of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond in a variety of different phospholipids, products of the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond of phospholipid are a free fatty acid and lysophospholipid | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Rattus norvegicus | the phospholipase A2 superfamily consists of many different groups of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond in a variety of different phospholipids, products of the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond of phospholipid are a free fatty acid and lysophospholipid | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Sus scrofa | the phospholipase A2 superfamily consists of many different groups of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond in a variety of different phospholipids, products of the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond of phospholipid are a free fatty acid and lysophospholipid | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Bos taurus | the phospholipase A2 superfamily consists of many different groups of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond in a variety of different phospholipids, products of the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond of phospholipid are a free fatty acid and lysophospholipid | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Apis mellifera | the phospholipase A2 superfamily consists of many different groups of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond in a variety of different phospholipids, products of the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond of phospholipid are a free fatty acid and lysophospholipid | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Oryza sativa | the phospholipase A2 superfamily consists of many different groups of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond in a variety of different phospholipids, products of the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond of phospholipid are a free fatty acid and lysophospholipid | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Bitis gabonica | the phospholipase A2 superfamily consists of many different groups of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond in a variety of different phospholipids, products of the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond of phospholipid are a free fatty acid and lysophospholipid | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Naja naja | the phospholipase A2 superfamily consists of many different groups of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond in a variety of different phospholipids, products of the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond of phospholipid are a free fatty acid and lysophospholipid | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Crotalus sp. | the phospholipase A2 superfamily consists of many different groups of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond in a variety of different phospholipids, products of the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond of phospholipid are a free fatty acid and lysophospholipid | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Protoparvovirus | the phospholipase A2 superfamily consists of many different groups of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond in a variety of different phospholipids, products of the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond of phospholipid are a free fatty acid and lysophospholipid | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Homo sapiens | the phospholipase A2 superfamily consists of many different groups of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond in a variety of different phospholipids, products of the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond of phospholipid are a free fatty acid and lysophospholipid. GVIA iPLA2 is involved in cell proliferation, mediating cell growth, apoptosis and glucose-induced insulin secretion | ? | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apis mellifera | - |
- |
- |
| Bitis gabonica | - |
- |
- |
| Bos taurus | - |
- |
- |
| Crotalus sp. | - |
- |
- |
| Homo sapiens | - |
- |
- |
| Mus musculus | - |
- |
- |
| Naja naja | - |
- |
- |
| Oryza sativa | - |
- |
- |
| Protoparvovirus | - |
- |
- |
| Rattus norvegicus | - |
- |
- |
| Sus scrofa | - |
- |
- |
Posttranslational Modification
| Posttranslational Modification | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| glycoprotein | lysosomal isozyme | Mus musculus |
| glycoprotein | lysosomal isozyme | Homo sapiens |
| glycoprotein | lysosomal isozyme | Bos taurus |
| phosphoprotein | in group IVA PLA2, Ser505 and Ser727 are common phosphorylation sites in agonist-stimulated human platelets and HeLa cells, while Ser505, and Ser515 phosphorylation is found in vascular smooth muscle cells. Phosphorylation of group IVA PLA2 induces a 60fold increase in membrane affinity at 0.0025 mM Ca2+, and the conformational change causes tighter binding to the lipid surface | Homo sapiens |
Purification (Commentary)
| Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| lysosomal cPLA2 isozyme from brain | Bos taurus |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| blood platelet | group IVA PLA2 isozyme | Homo sapiens | - |
| brain | group IIE sPLA2 | Mus musculus | - |
| brain | group IIE sPLA2 | Homo sapiens | - |
| brain | lysosomal PLA2 isozyme | Bos taurus | - |
| embryo | group IIF sPLA2 | Mus musculus | - |
| embryo | group IIF sPLA2 | Homo sapiens | - |
| heart | group IIE and V sPLA2 | Mus musculus | - |
| heart | group IIE and V sPLA2 | Homo sapiens | - |
| leukocyte | group X sPLA2 | Homo sapiens | - |
| lung | group V sPLA2 | Mus musculus | - |
| lung | group V sPLA2 | Homo sapiens | - |
| macrophage | group V sPLA2 | Mus musculus | - |
| macrophage | group V sPLA2 | Homo sapiens | - |
| neutrophil | group IVA PLA2 isozyme | Homo sapiens | - |
| pancreas | - |
Sus scrofa | - |
| pancreas | group IID sPLA2 | Mus musculus | - |
| pancreas | group IID sPLA2 | Homo sapiens | - |
| shoot | green shoot, PLA2-I and PLA2-II | Oryza sativa | - |
| spleen | group IID and X sPLA2 | Homo sapiens | - |
| spleen | group IID sPLA2 | Mus musculus | - |
| synovium | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| testis | group IIC and IIF sPLA2 | Mus musculus | - |
| testis | group IIC and IIF sPLA2 | Homo sapiens | - |
| testis | group IIC sPLA2 | Rattus norvegicus | - |
| thymus | group X sPLA2 | Homo sapiens | - |
| uterus | group IIE sPLA2 | Mus musculus | - |
| uterus | group IIE sPLA2 | Homo sapiens | - |
| venom | - |
Bitis gabonica | - |
| venom | - |
Naja naja | - |
| venom | - |
Crotalus sp. | - |
| venom | group IIi sPLA2 | Apis mellifera | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | the phospholipase A2 superfamily consists of many different groups of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond in a variety of different phospholipids, products of the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond of phospholipid are a free fatty acid and lysophospholipid | Mus musculus | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the phospholipase A2 superfamily consists of many different groups of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond in a variety of different phospholipids, products of the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond of phospholipid are a free fatty acid and lysophospholipid | Rattus norvegicus | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the phospholipase A2 superfamily consists of many different groups of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond in a variety of different phospholipids, products of the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond of phospholipid are a free fatty acid and lysophospholipid | Sus scrofa | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the phospholipase A2 superfamily consists of many different groups of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond in a variety of different phospholipids, products of the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond of phospholipid are a free fatty acid and lysophospholipid | Bos taurus | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the phospholipase A2 superfamily consists of many different groups of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond in a variety of different phospholipids, products of the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond of phospholipid are a free fatty acid and lysophospholipid | Apis mellifera | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the phospholipase A2 superfamily consists of many different groups of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond in a variety of different phospholipids, products of the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond of phospholipid are a free fatty acid and lysophospholipid | Oryza sativa | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the phospholipase A2 superfamily consists of many different groups of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond in a variety of different phospholipids, products of the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond of phospholipid are a free fatty acid and lysophospholipid | Bitis gabonica | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the phospholipase A2 superfamily consists of many different groups of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond in a variety of different phospholipids, products of the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond of phospholipid are a free fatty acid and lysophospholipid | Naja naja | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the phospholipase A2 superfamily consists of many different groups of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond in a variety of different phospholipids, products of the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond of phospholipid are a free fatty acid and lysophospholipid | Crotalus sp. | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the phospholipase A2 superfamily consists of many different groups of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond in a variety of different phospholipids, products of the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond of phospholipid are a free fatty acid and lysophospholipid | Protoparvovirus | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the phospholipase A2 superfamily consists of many different groups of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond in a variety of different phospholipids, products of the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond of phospholipid are a free fatty acid and lysophospholipid. GVIA iPLA2 is involved in cell proliferation, mediating cell growth, apoptosis and glucose-induced insulin secretion | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | fatty acyl-CoA is a substrate for GVIA iPLA2, The active site serine of the GVIA iPLA2 lies within a lipase consensus sequence Gly-X-Ser519-X-Gly. The group IVA PLA2 isozyme is specific for phospholipids containing arachidonic acid in the sn-2 position, substrate binding involving the C2 domain, the specific site in the C2 domain consists of Arg57, Lys58, and Arg59, structure, overview. The GVIA PLA2 contains multiple ankyrin repeats which may be important in mediating protein-protein interactions | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the lysosomal isozyme PLA2 contains a Ser-His-Asp catalytic triad | Bos taurus | ? | - |
? | |
Subunits
| Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| ? | 85000-100000, cytoslic cPLA2s | Mus musculus |
| ? | x * 85000-114000, cytosolic cPLA2s, x * 85000, group IVA PLA2 isozyme | Homo sapiens |
| More | the GVIA PLA2 contains multiple ankyrin repeats which may be important in mediating protein-protein interactions | Homo sapiens |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| ACS | - |
Mus musculus |
| ACS | - |
Homo sapiens |
| ACS | - |
Bos taurus |
| adiponutrin | - |
Homo sapiens |
| Ca2+-independent iPLA2 | - |
Mus musculus |
| Ca2+-independent iPLA2 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| Ca2+-independent iPLA2 | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
| Ca2+-independent iPLA2 | - |
Sus scrofa |
| Ca2+-independent iPLA2 | - |
Bos taurus |
| Ca2+-independent iPLA2 | - |
Apis mellifera |
| Ca2+-independent iPLA2 | - |
Oryza sativa |
| Ca2+-independent iPLA2 | - |
Bitis gabonica |
| Ca2+-independent iPLA2 | - |
Naja naja |
| Ca2+-independent iPLA2 | - |
Crotalus sp. |
| Ca2+-independent iPLA2 | - |
Protoparvovirus |
| cytosolic cPLA2 | - |
Mus musculus |
| cytosolic cPLA2 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| cytosolic cPLA2 | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
| cytosolic cPLA2 | - |
Sus scrofa |
| cytosolic cPLA2 | - |
Bos taurus |
| cytosolic cPLA2 | - |
Apis mellifera |
| cytosolic cPLA2 | - |
Oryza sativa |
| cytosolic cPLA2 | - |
Bitis gabonica |
| cytosolic cPLA2 | - |
Naja naja |
| cytosolic cPLA2 | - |
Crotalus sp. |
| cytosolic cPLA2 | - |
Protoparvovirus |
| GIA cobra venom PLA2 | - |
Naja naja |
| GS2 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| lipoprotein-associated PLA2 | - |
Mus musculus |
| lipoprotein-associated PLA2 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| lipoprotein-associated PLA2 | - |
Sus scrofa |
| lipoprotein-associated PLA2 | - |
Bos taurus |
| LLPL | - |
Mus musculus |
| LLPL | - |
Homo sapiens |
| LLPL | - |
Bos taurus |
| Lp-PLA2 | - |
Mus musculus |
| Lp-PLA2 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| Lp-PLA2 | - |
Sus scrofa |
| Lp-PLA2 | - |
Bos taurus |
| Lpla2 | - |
Mus musculus |
| Lpla2 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| Lpla2 | - |
Bos taurus |
| lysophospholipase | - |
Mus musculus |
| lysophospholipase | - |
Homo sapiens |
| lysosomal PLA2 | - |
Mus musculus |
| lysosomal PLA2 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| lysosomal PLA2 | - |
Bos taurus |
| neuropathy target esterase | - |
Mus musculus |
| neuropathy target esterase | - |
Homo sapiens |
| PLA2 | - |
Mus musculus |
| PLA2 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| PLA2 | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
| PLA2 | - |
Sus scrofa |
| PLA2 | - |
Bos taurus |
| PLA2 | - |
Apis mellifera |
| PLA2 | - |
Oryza sativa |
| PLA2 | - |
Bitis gabonica |
| PLA2 | - |
Naja naja |
| PLA2 | - |
Crotalus sp. |
| PLA2 | - |
Protoparvovirus |
| PLA2-I | - |
Oryza sativa |
| secreted sPLA2 | - |
Mus musculus |
| secreted sPLA2 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| secreted sPLA2 | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
| secreted sPLA2 | - |
Sus scrofa |
| secreted sPLA2 | - |
Bos taurus |
| secreted sPLA2 | - |
Apis mellifera |
| secreted sPLA2 | - |
Oryza sativa |
| secreted sPLA2 | - |
Bitis gabonica |
| secreted sPLA2 | - |
Naja naja |
| secreted sPLA2 | - |
Crotalus sp. |
| secreted sPLA2 | - |
Protoparvovirus |
| TTS-2.2 | - |
Homo sapiens |
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