Literature summary for 2.7.7.65 extracted from

Lacanna, E.; Bigosch, C.; Kaever, V.; Boehm, A.; Becker, A.
Evidence for Escherichia coli diguanylate cyclase DgcZ interlinking surface sensing and adhesion via multiple regulatory routes (2016), J. Bacteriol., 198, 2524-2535 .

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Activating Compound

Activating Compound	Comment	Organism	Structure
paraquat	enhances DgcZ-dependent biofilm formation in an FRD-dependent fashion	Escherichia coli

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment)	Organism
gene dgcZ, recombinant expression of an DgcZ-mVENUS fusion protein which localizes at one bacterial cell pole in response to alkaline pH and carbon starvation	Escherichia coli

Protein Variants

Protein Variants	Comment	Organism
H79L/H83L	site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows increased activity compared to wild-type enzyme, cellular localization is unaltered	Escherichia coli
H79L/H83L/E208Q	site-directed mutagenesis, inactive mutant, cellular localization is unaltered	Escherichia coli
additional information	chromosomal replacement of the corresponding wild-type gene by mVENUS fusions to dgcZ wild-type or mutant variants, as well as by mCHERRY fusions to frdA and frdB, are achieved by standardFRED-mediated recombineering. In each case, the PRham-ccdB-kan element replaced the wild-type locus in the precursor strain. The dgcZ(+) and frdA(+) control strains are obtained by replacing the PRham-ccdBkan element with the dgcZ and frdA genes amplified from Escherichia coli strain MG1655	Escherichia coli

Localization

Localization	Comment	Organism	GeneOntology No.	Textmining
cell pole	polar localization of DgcZ is independent of protein activity and concentration. Polar localization of DgcZ is induced by carbon starvation and alkaline pH	Escherichia coli	60187	-
additional information	nutrient starvation or the accumulation of byproducts in the medium may result in polar localization of DgcZ in stationary phase. Restoring nutrient-sufficient conditions results in decreased levels and dispersed localization of DgcZ	Escherichia coli	-	-

Metals/Ions

Metals/Ions	Comment	Organism	Structure
Zn2+	involved in enzyme activity regulation	Escherichia coli

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.	Reac.
2 GTP	Escherichia coli	-	2 diphosphate + cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate	-	?

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Escherichia coli	P31129	-	-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
2 GTP	-	Escherichia coli	2 diphosphate + cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate	-	?

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
DgcZ	-	Escherichia coli
YdeH	-	Escherichia coli

Expression

Organism	Comment	Expression
Escherichia coli	gene dgcZ transcription is activated by the transcriptional regulator CpxR	up

General Information

General Information	Comment	Organism
malfunction	nutrient starvation or the accumulation of byproducts in the medium may result in polar localization of DgcZ in stationary phase. Restoring nutrient-sufficient conditions results in decreased levels and dispersed localization of DgcZ	Escherichia coli
metabolism	DgcZ shows interaction with FrdB, a subunit of the fumarate reductase complex (FRD) involved in anaerobic respiration and in control of flagellum assembly, determined by coimmunoprecipitation analysis and bacterial-two-hybrid assay. The FRD complex is required for the increase in DgcZ-mediated biofilm formation upon induction of oxidative stress by addition of paraquat	Escherichia coli
physiological function	Escherichia coli diguanylate cyclase DgcZ interlinks surface sensing and adhesion via multiple regulatory routes. A FRD complex is required for the increase in DgcZ-mediated biofilm formation upon induction of oxidative stress by addition of paraquat. Possible integrative role of DgcZ in regulation of surface attachment. Both DgcZ-stimulated PGA biosynthesis and interaction of DgcZ with the FRD complex contribute to impeding bacterial escape from the surface. DgcZ is the main DGC involved in PGA production in Escherichia coli. Abundance and activity of DgcZ are regulated at several levels. Gene dgcZ transcription is activated by the transcriptional regulator CpxR. Beyond transcriptional and translational regulation of protein concentration, DgcZ activity is regulated by Zn2+. DgcZ localization and c-di-GMP concentrations change between transition and stationary phase	Escherichia coli

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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)