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Literature summary for 2.7.11.25 extracted from
- The MEKK1-MKK1/MKK2-MPK4 kinase cascade negatively regulates immunity mediated by a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase in Arabidopsis (2012), Plant Cell, 24, 2225-2236.
Protein Variants
| Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| additional information | generation of summ1 mutants and of summ1-1 mkk1 mkk2 and summ1-2 mkk1 mkk2 triple mutants. To map the summ1-1 mutation, summ1-1 mkk1 mkk2 (in the Columbia background) is crossed with Landsberg erecta (Ler). F2 plants homozygous for mkk1 mkk2 are selected forlinkage analysis. Crude mapping using 48 such plants reveals that summ1-1 is flanked by markers T13D4 and T15F16 on chromosome 4. Constitutive expression of defense marker genes PR1 and PR2 is completely suppressed in the summ1-1 mkk1 mkk2 and summ1-2 mkk1 mkk2 triple mutants. Suppression of mkk1 mkk2 mutant phenotypes by summ1-1 and summ1-2, overview. Mutants summ1-1 mkk1 mkk2 and summ1-2 mkk1 mkk2 exhibit wild type-like morphology | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| P740L | mutation in MEKK2 | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mg2+ | reuqired | Arabidopsis thaliana |  |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATP + MKK1 | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
ADP + phosphorylated MKK1 | - |
? | |
| ATP + MKK1 | Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 | - |
ADP + phosphorylated MKK1 | - |
? | |
| ATP + MKK2 | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
ADP + phosphorylated MKK2 | - |
? | |
| ATP + MKK2 | Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 | - |
ADP + phosphorylated MKK2 | - |
? | |
| additional information | Arabidopsis thaliana | MKK1 and MKK2 interact with MEKK1 and MPK4 in vivo, and activation of MPK4 by flg22 requires MEKK1 as well as MKK1 and MKK2, suggesting that MEKK1, MKK1/MKK2, and MPK4 form a MAPK cascade to negatively regulate plant immune responses | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 | MKK1 and MKK2 interact with MEKK1 and MPK4 in vivo, and activation of MPK4 by flg22 requires MEKK1 as well as MKK1 and MKK2, suggesting that MEKK1, MKK1/MKK2, and MPK4 form a MAPK cascade to negatively regulate plant immune responses | ? | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arabidopsis thaliana | O81472 | - |
- |
| Arabidopsis thaliana | Q39008 | - |
- |
| Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 | O81472 | - |
- |
| Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 | Q39008 | - |
- |
Posttranslational Modification
| Posttranslational Modification | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| phosphoprotein | MAP kinase kinase kinase MEKK2 interacts with MPK4 and is phosphorylated by MPK4 in vitro | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| seedling | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATP + MKK1 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | ADP + phosphorylated MKK1 | - |
? | |
| ATP + MKK1 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 | ADP + phosphorylated MKK1 | - |
? | |
| ATP + MKK2 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | ADP + phosphorylated MKK2 | - |
? | |
| ATP + MKK2 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 | ADP + phosphorylated MKK2 | - |
? | |
| additional information | MKK1 and MKK2 interact with MEKK1 and MPK4 in vivo, and activation of MPK4 by flg22 requires MEKK1 as well as MKK1 and MKK2, suggesting that MEKK1, MKK1/MKK2, and MPK4 form a MAPK cascade to negatively regulate plant immune responses | Arabidopsis thaliana | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | MEKK2 interacts with MPK4 and is phosphorylated by MPK4 in vitro | Arabidopsis thaliana | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | MEKK2 interacts with MPK4 and is phosphorylated by MPK4 in vitro | Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | MKK1 and MKK2 interact with MEKK1 and MPK4 in vivo, and activation of MPK4 by flg22 requires MEKK1 as well as MKK1 and MKK2, suggesting that MEKK1, MKK1/MKK2, and MPK4 form a MAPK cascade to negatively regulate plant immune responses | Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 | ? | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| At4g08480 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| At4g08500 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MAP kinase kinase kinase 1 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MAP kinase kinase kinase 2 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MEKK1 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MEKK2 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| summ1 | gene name, includes MEKK2 | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| suppressor of mkk1 mkk2 1 | includes MEKK2 | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Cofactor
| Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATP | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| malfunction | analysis of mekk1 sid2 and mkk1 mkk2 sid2 mutant plants reveals that the elevated salicylic acid levels contribute very little to the mutant phenotypes in mekk1 and mkk1 mkk2 | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| malfunction | mutations in MEKK2 encoding suppressor of mkk1 mkk2 1 (summ1) gene suppress the cell death and defense responses not only in mkk1 mkk2 but also in mekk1 and mpk4. Overexpression of SUMM1 activates cell death and defense responses that are dependent on the nucleotide binding-leucine-rich repeat protein SUMM2. Pathogen resistance in mutants mkk1 mkk2 is affected by the summ1 mutation, e.g. versus oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis Noco2 | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| metabolism | a MAPK cascade is a signaling module usually consisting of a MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK), a MAP kinase kinase, and a MAPK. Activation of MAPKKKs by upstream signals results in sequential phosphorylation of their downstream MAPKKs and MAPKs. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the MEKK1-MKK1/MKK2-MPK4 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade represses cell death and immune responses. MEKK1, MKK1/MKK2, and MPK4 negatively regulate cell death and immunity. The MEKK1-MKK1/MKK2-MPK4 kinase cascade negatively regulates MEKK2 and activation of MEKK2 triggers SUMM2-mediated immune responses | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| metabolism | a MAPK cascade is a signaling module usually consisting of a MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK), a MAP kinase kinase, and a MAPK. Activation of MAPKKKs by upstream signals results in sequential phosphorylation of their downstream MAPKKs and MAPKs. The MEKK1-MKK1/MKK2-MPK4 kinase cascade negatively regulates MEKK2 and activation of MEKK2 triggers SUMM2-mediated immune responses. Mutants summ1-1 mkk1 mkk2 and summ1-2 mkk1 mkk2 exhibit wild type-like morphology | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| physiological function | MEKK1 is involved in negative regulation of cell death and immunity | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| physiological function | the autoimmunity phenotypes in mpk4, mekk1, and mkk1 mkk2 mutant plants are caused by activation of defense responses mediated by SUMM1 | Arabidopsis thaliana |
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