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Literature summary for 2.7.11.21 extracted from
- Regulation of cell cycle checkpoints by polo-like kinases (2005), Oncogene, 24, 277-286.
Activating Compound
| Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | expression of Plk2 is rapidly induced by X-ray irradiation and is partly mediated by p53 | Homo sapiens |
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| expression of wild-type and mutant GST-tagged or His6-tagged Plk3 | Homo sapiens |
Protein Variants
| Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| additional information | inhibition of p53 phosphorylation by Plk3 via siRNA transfection | Homo sapiens |
| additional information | overexpression of mutant or wild-type Cdc5 results in multinucleated cells, Cdc5 overexpression overrides checkpoint-induced cell cycle arrest, Cdc5-defective mutant protein suppresses a Rad53 checkpoint defect | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| additional information | overexpression of Plo1 results in formation of multiple septa without nuclear division | Schizosaccharomyces pombe |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | Plk1 activity is inhibited upon DNA damage involving ATM or ATR, caffeine blocks the inhibition | Homo sapiens | |
| additional information | the enzyme activity is inhibited upon DNA damage | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| centrosome | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 5813 | - |
| centrosome | primarily, during interphase | Homo sapiens | 5813 | - |
| cytoplasm | - |
Homo sapiens | 5737 | - |
| Golgi apparatus | Plk1, Plk3 during interphase, binding via phosphorylated Nir2 | Homo sapiens | 5794 | - |
| mitotic spindle | during mitosis | Homo sapiens | 72686 | - |
| spindle | co-localization at the central spindle with Pavarotti, a kinesin-related motor protein | Homo sapiens | 5819 | - |
| spindle pole body | recruitment to | Schizosaccharomyces pombe | 5816 | - |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATP + 20S proteasome | Homo sapiens | phosphorylation by Plk1 enhances the proteolytic activity | ADP + phosphorylated S20 proteasome | - |
? |  |
| ATP + Cdc25C | Homo sapiens | phosphorylation by Plk1 on Ser198 in a nuclear export signal sequence promoting its nuclear translocation, inhibition of Cdc25 activation resulting in a delay in Cdc2 activation | ADP + phosphorylated Cdc25C | - |
? | |
| ATP + Chk2 | Homo sapiens | phosphorylation at Thr68 | ADP + phosphorylated Chk2 | - |
? | |
| ATP + claspin | Xenopus laevis | Plx1 is involved in alleviating DNA replication checkpoint response by inactivation of claspin through phosphorylation | ADP + phosphorylated claspin | - |
? | |
| ATP + cohesin | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | phosphorylation by Cdc5 required for removal of cohesin from chromosomes | ADP + phosphorylated cohesin | - |
? | |
| ATP + cyclin B | Homo sapiens | phosphorylation at S126, S128, S133, and S147 for nuclear translocation of cyclin B | ADP + phosphorylated cyclin B | - |
? | |
| ATP + cyclin B1 | Xenopus laevis | phosphorylation at S101, not at S113 in the cytoplasmic retention sequence | ADP + phosphorylated cyclin B | - |
? | |
| ATP + kinesin-like protein 2 | Homo sapiens | Plk1, essential for cytokinesis | ADP + phosphorylated kinesin-like protein 2 | - |
? | |
| ATP + Mid1p | Schizosaccharomyces pombe | required for positioning of division sites in cytokinesis | ADP + phosphorylated Mid1p | - |
? | |
| ATP + NudC | Homo sapiens | i.e. nuclear distribution protein C, Plk1 phosphorylates Ser274 and Ser326 | ADP + phosphorylated kinesin-like protein 2 | - |
? | |
| ATP + p125 | Homo sapiens | peptide fragment of DNA polymerase delta, phosphorylation at Ser60 by Plk3 | ADP + phosphorylated p125 | - |
? | |
| ATP + p53 | Homo sapiens | - |
ADP + phosphorylated p53 | Plk3, Plk1 inhibits tumor suppressor p53 transactivating activity in lung carcinoma cells | ? | |
| additional information | Homo sapiens | Plk1 inhibits Wee1 inactivation resulting in a delay in Cdc2 activation, the enzyme is pivotal in cell division as a regulator of cell cycle checkpoints in mitotic progression, modeling of major Plk metabolism pathways, spindle checkpoint machinery, overview | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | the enzyme is pivotal in cell division as a regulator of cell cycle checkpoints in mitotic progression, Cdc5 is part of mitotic networks, e.g. the fourteen early anaphase release network FEAR for Cdc14 release, overview | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Xenopus laevis | the enzyme is pivotal in cell division as a regulator of cell cycle checkpoints in mitotic progression, mechanism | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Schizosaccharomyces pombe | the enzyme is pivotal in cell division as a regulator of cell cycle checkpoints in mitotic progression, Plo1 is involved in cytokinesis | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Drosophila melanogaster | the enzyme is pivotal in cell division as a regulator of cell cycle checkpoints in mitotic progression, regulation of cytokinesis, overview | ? | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Drosophila melanogaster | - |
- |
- |
| Homo sapiens | - |
- |
- |
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae | - |
- |
- |
| Schizosaccharomyces pombe | - |
- |
- |
| Xenopus laevis | - |
- |
- |
Posttranslational Modification
| Posttranslational Modification | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| phosphoprotein | the enzyme is phosphorylated by Chk2 | Drosophila melanogaster |
Reaction
| Reaction | Comment | Organism | Reaction ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATP + a [protein]-(L-serine/L-threonine) = ADP + a [protein]-(L-serine/L-threonine) phosphate | consensus sequence of Plk1 is D/E-X-S/T-hydrophobic amino acid-X-D/E, X can be any amino acid, with neighbouring phosphorylation sequence L-Q-S-V-L-E being phosphorylated at the serine residue | Homo sapiens |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| egg | - |
Xenopus laevis | - |
| lung cancer cell | Plk1 | Homo sapiens | - |
| thyroid gland | Plk2 | Homo sapiens | - |
Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]
| Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | - |
activity of wild-type and mutant GST-tagged or His6-tagged Plk3 with p125 | Homo sapiens |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATP + 20S proteasome | phosphorylation by Plk1 enhances the proteolytic activity | Homo sapiens | ADP + phosphorylated S20 proteasome | - |
? | |
| ATP + Cdc25C | phosphorylation by Plk1 on Ser198 in a nuclear export signal sequence promoting its nuclear translocation, inhibition of Cdc25 activation resulting in a delay in Cdc2 activation | Homo sapiens | ADP + phosphorylated Cdc25C | - |
? | |
| ATP + Cdc25C | Plk3 activity in vitro, phosphorylation by Plk1 on Ser198 | Homo sapiens | ADP + phosphorylated Cdc25C | - |
? | |
| ATP + Chk2 | phosphorylation at Thr68 | Homo sapiens | ADP + phosphorylated Chk2 | - |
? | |
| ATP + claspin | Plx1 is involved in alleviating DNA replication checkpoint response by inactivation of claspin through phosphorylation | Xenopus laevis | ADP + phosphorylated claspin | - |
? | |
| ATP + claspin | checkpoint protein, interaction and phosphorylation at Thr906 and Ser934 | Xenopus laevis | ADP + phosphorylated claspin | - |
? | |
| ATP + cohesin | phosphorylation by Cdc5 required for removal of cohesin from chromosomes | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | ADP + phosphorylated cohesin | - |
? | |
| ATP + cohesin | phosphorylation adjacent to the cleavage site of Scc1 by Cdc5 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | ADP + phosphorylated cohesin | - |
? | |
| ATP + cyclin B | phosphorylation at S126, S128, S133, and S147 for nuclear translocation of cyclin B | Homo sapiens | ADP + phosphorylated cyclin B | - |
? | |
| ATP + cyclin B | no phosphorylation of cyclin B1 | Homo sapiens | ADP + phosphorylated cyclin B | - |
? | |
| ATP + cyclin B1 | phosphorylation at S101, not at S113 in the cytoplasmic retention sequence | Xenopus laevis | ADP + phosphorylated cyclin B | - |
? | |
| ATP + kinesin-like protein 2 | Plk1, essential for cytokinesis | Homo sapiens | ADP + phosphorylated kinesin-like protein 2 | - |
? | |
| ATP + kinesin-like protein 2 | Plk1 | Homo sapiens | ADP + phosphorylated kinesin-like protein 2 | - |
? | |
| ATP + Mid1p | - |
Schizosaccharomyces pombe | ADP + phosphorylated Mid1p | - |
? | |
| ATP + Mid1p | required for positioning of division sites in cytokinesis | Schizosaccharomyces pombe | ADP + phosphorylated Mid1p | - |
? | |
| ATP + NudC | i.e. nuclear distribution protein C, Plk1 phosphorylates Ser274 and Ser326 | Homo sapiens | ADP + phosphorylated kinesin-like protein 2 | - |
? | |
| ATP + p125 | peptide fragment of DNA polymerase delta, phosphorylation at Ser60 by Plk3 | Homo sapiens | ADP + phosphorylated p125 | - |
? | |
| ATP + p125 | peptide fragment of DNA polymerase delta, phosphorylation at Ser60 by Plk3, wild-type and mutant GST-tagged or His6-tagged Plk3 | Homo sapiens | ADP + phosphorylated p125 | - |
? | |
| ATP + p53 | - |
Homo sapiens | ADP + phosphorylated p53 | Plk3, Plk1 inhibits tumor suppressor p53 transactivating activity in lung carcinoma cells | ? | |
| ATP + p53 | Plk3 phosphorylates S20 in vitro, Plk1 inhibits p53 by phosphorylation | Homo sapiens | ADP + phosphorylated p53 | - |
? | |
| additional information | Plk1 inhibits Wee1 inactivation resulting in a delay in Cdc2 activation, the enzyme is pivotal in cell division as a regulator of cell cycle checkpoints in mitotic progression, modeling of major Plk metabolism pathways, spindle checkpoint machinery, overview | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the enzyme is pivotal in cell division as a regulator of cell cycle checkpoints in mitotic progression, Cdc5 is part of mitotic networks, e.g. the fourteen early anaphase release network FEAR for Cdc14 release, overview | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the enzyme is pivotal in cell division as a regulator of cell cycle checkpoints in mitotic progression, mechanism | Xenopus laevis | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the enzyme is pivotal in cell division as a regulator of cell cycle checkpoints in mitotic progression, Plo1 is involved in cytokinesis | Schizosaccharomyces pombe | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the enzyme is pivotal in cell division as a regulator of cell cycle checkpoints in mitotic progression, regulation of cytokinesis, overview | Drosophila melanogaster | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Plk1 interacts with the 20S and the 26S proteasomes, Plk3 interacts with DNA polymerase delta and Plk1 with the Golgi specific protein GRASP65 | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the enzyme interacts with DNA polymerase delta | Schizosaccharomyces pombe | ? | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| Cdc5 | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| PLK | - |
Drosophila melanogaster |
| Plk1 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| Plk2 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| Plk3 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| Plo1 | - |
Schizosaccharomyces pombe |
| Plx1 | - |
Xenopus laevis |
| polo-like kinase | - |
Drosophila melanogaster |
| polo-like kinase | - |
Homo sapiens |
| polo-like kinase | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| polo-like kinase | - |
Schizosaccharomyces pombe |
Cofactor
| Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATP | - |
Drosophila melanogaster | |
| ATP | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| ATP | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | |
| ATP | - |
Xenopus laevis | |
| ATP | - |
Schizosaccharomyces pombe | |
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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)
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