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Literature summary for 2.7.1.176 extracted from
- A novel mechanism of programmed cell death in bacteria by toxin-antitoxin systems corrupts peptidoglycan synthesis (2011), PLoS Biol., 9, e1001033.
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| gene pezT, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, expression of truncated variant PezTDELTAC242 in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) | Escherichia coli |
| gene pezT, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, expression of truncated variant PezTDELTAC242 in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) | Streptococcus pyogenes |
| gene pezT, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, expression of truncated variant PezTDELTAC242 in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) | Streptococcus pneumoniae |
Crystallization (Commentary)
| Crystallization (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| analysis of the crystal structure of the epsilon/zeta toxin-antitoxin complex bound to UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine at 2.7 A resolution | Streptococcus pyogenes |
Protein Variants
| Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| D66T | site-directed mutagenesis, a nontoxicPezT variant, no bulge formation or lysis after induction of PezT D66T | Escherichia coli |
| D66T | site-directed mutagenesis, a nontoxicPezT variant, no bulge formation or lysis after induction of PezT D66T | Streptococcus pyogenes |
| D66T | site-directed mutagenesis, a nontoxicPezT variant, no bulge formation or lysis after induction of PezT D66T | Streptococcus pneumoniae |
| additional information | construction of truncated variant PezTDELTAC242 , the variant does not accumulate any spontaneous mutations and still retains the toxic phenotype | Escherichia coli |
| additional information | construction of truncated variant PezTDELTAC242 , the variant does not accumulate any spontaneous mutations and still retains the toxic phenotype | Streptococcus pyogenes |
| additional information | construction of truncated variant PezTDELTAC242 , the variant does not accumulate any spontaneous mutations and still retains the toxic phenotype | Streptococcus pneumoniae |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mg2+ | required | Escherichia coli |  |
| Mg2+ | required | Streptococcus pyogenes | |
| Mg2+ | required | Streptococcus pneumoniae | |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATP + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine | Escherichia coli | the kinase activity is responsible for the toxic function in vivo, because the phosphorylated product inhibits MurA, the enzyme responsible for the first step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacteria, mechanism, overview | ADP + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 3'-phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine | Streptococcus pyogenes | the kinase activity is responsible for the toxic function in vivo, because the phosphorylated product inhibits MurA, the enzyme responsible for the first step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacteria, mechanism, overview | ADP + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 3'-phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine | Streptococcus pneumoniae | the kinase activity is responsible for the toxic function in vivo, because the phosphorylated product inhibits MurA, the enzyme responsible for the first step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacteria, mechanism, overview | ADP + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 3'-phosphate | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Escherichia coli | - |
- |
- |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | Q97QZ1 | gene pezT | - |
| Streptococcus pyogenes | Q54944 | gene pezT | - |
Purification (Commentary)
| Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| recombinant truncated variant PezTDELTAC242 from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) | Escherichia coli |
| recombinant truncated variant PezTDELTAC242 from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) | Streptococcus pyogenes |
| recombinant truncated variant PezTDELTAC242 from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) | Streptococcus pneumoniae |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATP + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine | the kinase activity is responsible for the toxic function in vivo, because the phosphorylated product inhibits MurA, the enzyme responsible for the first step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacteria, mechanism, overview | Escherichia coli | ADP + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 3'-phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine | the kinase activity is responsible for the toxic function in vivo, because the phosphorylated product inhibits MurA, the enzyme responsible for the first step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacteria, mechanism, overview | Streptococcus pyogenes | ADP + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 3'-phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine | the kinase activity is responsible for the toxic function in vivo, because the phosphorylated product inhibits MurA, the enzyme responsible for the first step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacteria, mechanism, overview | Streptococcus pneumoniae | ADP + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 3'-phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine | enzyme-substrate interaction analysis, overview. PezT activity is specific for the presence of the 2'-N-acetyl group on the sugar moiety and the stereoisomeric form of UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, selectivity for UDPglucose and UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine is dramatically reduced | Escherichia coli | ADP + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 3'-phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine | enzyme-substrate interaction analysis, overview. PezT activity is specific for the presence of the 2'-N-acetyl group on the sugar moiety and the stereoisomeric form of UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, selectivity for UDPglucose and UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine is dramatically reduced | Streptococcus pneumoniae | ADP + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 3'-phosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine | enzyme-substrate interaction analysis, overview. PezT activity is specific for the presence of the 2'-N-acetyl group on the sugar moiety and the stereoisomeric form of UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, selectivity for UDPglucose and UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine is dramatically reduced. UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine binds to a deep cleft at the molecular surface of the zeta toxin. The side chain group of Asp67 forms a hydrogen bond to the 3'-hydroxyl group of the amino sugar moiety of the substrate | Streptococcus pyogenes | ADP + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 3'-phosphate | UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 3'-phosphate enriches during PezT poisoning in vivo and inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis | ? | |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| PezT | - |
Escherichia coli |
| PezT | - |
Streptococcus pyogenes |
| PezT | - |
Streptococcus pneumoniae |
| zeta toxin | - |
Escherichia coli |
| zeta toxin | - |
Streptococcus pyogenes |
| zeta toxin | - |
Streptococcus pneumoniae |
Temperature Optimum [°C]
| Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25 | - |
assay at | Escherichia coli |
| 25 | - |
assay at | Streptococcus pyogenes |
| 25 | - |
assay at | Streptococcus pneumoniae |
Cofactor
| Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATP | dependent on | Escherichia coli | |
| ATP | dependent on | Streptococcus pyogenes | |
| ATP | dependent on | Streptococcus pneumoniae | |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| evolution | most genomes of bacteria contain toxin-antitoxin systems. These gene systems encode a toxic protein and its cognate antitoxin. Members of the epsilon/zeta toxin-antitoxin family are found throughout the genomes of pathogenic bacteria | Escherichia coli |
| evolution | most genomes of bacteria contain toxin-antitoxin systems. These gene systems encode a toxic protein and its cognate antitoxin. Members of the epsilon/zeta toxin-antitoxin family are found throughout the genomes of pathogenic bacteria | Streptococcus pyogenes |
| evolution | most genomes of bacteria contain toxin-antitoxin systems. These gene systems encode a toxic protein and its cognate antitoxin. Members of the epsilon/zeta toxin-antitoxin family are found throughout the genomes of pathogenic bacteria | Streptococcus pneumoniae |
| metabolism | mechanism used by zeta toxins to induce programmed cell death in bacteria, overview | Escherichia coli |
| metabolism | mechanism used by zeta toxins to induce programmed cell death in bacteria, overview | Streptococcus pyogenes |
| metabolism | mechanism used by zeta toxins to induce programmed cell death in bacteria, overview | Streptococcus pneumoniae |
| additional information | slow growth protects cells from toxin-induced autolysis | Streptococcus pyogenes |
| physiological function | the toxin-antitoxin system is not only able to stabilize resistance plasmids but also to promote virulence. It is linked with numerous functions, including growth modulation, genome maintenance, and stress response. Upon antitoxin degradation, the toxin induces cell stasis or death. zeta Toxins are kinases that poison bacteria through global inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis. zeta Toxins in general phosphorylate the ubiquitous peptidoglycan precursor uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine, and this activity is counteracted by binding of antitoxin. Mechanism used by zeta toxins to induce programmed cell death in bacteria, overview. PezT phosphorylates the cell wall precursor and inhibits cell wall synthesis | Escherichia coli |
| physiological function | the toxin-antitoxin system is not only able to stabilize resistance plasmids but also to promote virulence. It is linked with numerous functions, including growth modulation, genome maintenance, and stress response. Upon antitoxin degradation, the toxin induces cell stasis or death. zeta Toxins are kinases that poison bacteria through global inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis. zeta Toxins in general phosphorylate the ubiquitous peptidoglycan precursor uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine, and this activity is counteracted by binding of antitoxin. Mechanism used by zeta toxins to induce programmed cell death in bacteria, overview. PezT phosphorylates the cell wall precursor and inhibits cell wall synthesis | Streptococcus pyogenes |
| physiological function | the toxin-antitoxin system is not only able to stabilize resistance plasmids but also to promote virulence. It is linked with numerous functions, including growth modulation, genome maintenance, and stress response. Upon antitoxin degradation, the toxin induces cell stasis or death. zeta Toxins are kinases that poison bacteria through global inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis. zeta Toxins in general phosphorylate the ubiquitous peptidoglycan precursor uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine, and this activity is counteracted by binding of antitoxin. Mechanism used by zeta toxins to induce programmed cell death in bacteria, overview. PezT phosphorylates the cell wall precursor and inhibits cell wall synthesis | Streptococcus pneumoniae |
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