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Literature summary for 2.6.1.42 extracted from

  • Zhang, L.; Han, J.
    Branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1) promotes the growth of breast cancer cells through improving mTOR-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis and function (2017), Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 486, 224-231 .
    View publication on PubMed

Protein Variants

Protein Variants Comment Organism
additional information isozyme BCAT1 knockdown represses the growth rate of MCF-7 and T47D cells since day 2. mitochondrial BCAT1 knockdown reduces mitochondrial DNA content, whereas BCAT1 overexpression increases mitochondrial DNA content in MCF-7 and T47D cells. BCAT1 knockdown represses mTOR signaling, and BCAT1 overexpression activates mTOR signaling Homo sapiens

Localization

Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
mitochondrion
-
Homo sapiens 5739
-

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
L-isoleucine + 2-oxoglutarate Homo sapiens
-
3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate
-
r
L-leucine + 2-oxoglutarate Homo sapiens
-
4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate
-
r
L-valine + 2-oxoglutarate Homo sapiens
-
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + L-glutamate
-
r

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Homo sapiens P54687
-
-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
breast cancer cell
-
Homo sapiens
-
MCF-7 cell
-
Homo sapiens
-
T-47D cell
-
Homo sapiens
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
L-isoleucine + 2-oxoglutarate
-
Homo sapiens 3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate
-
r
L-leucine + 2-oxoglutarate
-
Homo sapiens 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate
-
r
L-valine + 2-oxoglutarate
-
Homo sapiens 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + L-glutamate
-
r

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
BCAT1
-
Homo sapiens
branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1
-
Homo sapiens

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate PLP Homo sapiens

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
malfunction knockdown of BCAT1 represses the growth rate and colony formation capacity of breast cancer cells, opposing results are observed when BCAT1 is overexpressed. BCAT1 can promote mitochondrial biogenesis, ATP production and repress mitochondrial ROS in breast cancer cells by regulating the expression of related genes. BCAA catabolism is activated in human breast cancer, and abolishment of BCAA catabolism by knocking down BCAT1 inhibits breast cancer cell growth by repressing mTOR-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis and function. BCAT1 overexpression is unable to affect the mRNA levels of the genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC1alpha, NRF-1, Tfam, and beta-F1-ATPase) and oxidative stress (SOD1, SOD2, catalase, and Gpx1) Homo sapiens
metabolism levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs: leucine, isoleucine, and valine) are significantly upregulated in the serum of patients with breast cancer compared with healthy donors. Also the mRNA levels of BCAT1, BCAT2, mitochondrial targeted 2C-type serine/threonine protein phosphatase (PP2Cm), branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1, alpha polypeptide (BCKDHA), BCKDHB, and enoyl-CoA hydratase, short chain 1 (ECHS1) are increased in human breast cancer tissues compared with matched adjacent normal tissues Homo sapiens
physiological function branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are important nutrient signals that have direct and indirect effects. BCAA catabolism is a conserved regulator of physiological aging and participates in diverse physiological and pathological processes, including carcinoma development. BCAA catabolism is involved in human breast cancer. The plasma and tissue levels of BCAAs are increased in breast cancer, which is accompanied by the elevated expression of the catabolic enzymes, including branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1). BCAT1 promotes the growth of breast cancer cells through improving mTOR-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis and function. BCAT1 activates the mTOR, but not AMPK or SIRT1, signaling to promote mitochondrial biogenesis and function, and subsequently facilitates growth and colony formation of breast cancer cells. BCAA catabolism is activated in human breast cancer. Isozyme BCAT1 promotes growth and colony formation of breast cancer cells Homo sapiens