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Literature summary for 2.4.1.210 extracted from
- Citrus limonoids mechanism, function and its metabolic engineering for human health (2018), Fruits, 73, 158-173 .
No PubMed abstract available
Application
| Application | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| food industry | Citxadrus limonoid glucosyltransferase which is a key playxader for natural debitterness and anticancerous potenxadtial, can be utilized for metabolic engineering of Citxadrus limonoids to get rid of delayed bitterness problem along with enhanced limonoid glucoside molecules. The presence or absence of LGT can serve as a molecxadular indicator for determining the level of accumulaxadtion of limonoid glucoside and may reflect ultimately the possibility of delayed bitterness in available Citrus germplasm. Enhanced activity of LGT in citrus fruits may increase the glucoside level, which in turn will reduce the bitterness problem | Citrus unshiu |
| food industry | Citxadrus limonoid glucosyltransferase which is a key playxader for natural debitterness and anticancerous potenxadtial, can be utilized for metabolic engineering of Citxadrus limonoids to get rid of delayed bitterness problem along with enhanced limonoid glucoside molecules. The presence or absence of LGT can serve as a molecxadular indicator for determining the level of accumulaxadtion of limonoid glucoside and may reflect ultimately the possibility of delayed bitterness in available Citrus germplasm. Enhanced activity of LGT in citrus fruits may increase the glucoside level, which in turn will reduce the bitterness problem | Citrus reticulata |
| food industry | Citxadrus limonoid glucosyltransferase which is a key playxader for natural debitterness and anticancerous potenxadtial, can be utilized for metabolic engineering of Citxadrus limonoids to get rid of delayed bitterness problem along with enhanced limonoid glucoside molecules. The presence or absence of LGT can serve as a molecxadular indicator for determining the level of accumulaxadtion of limonoid glucoside and may reflect ultimately the possibility of delayed bitterness in available Citrus germplasm. Enhanced activity of LGT in citrus fruits may increase the glucoside level, which in turn will reduce the bitterness problem | Citrus sinensis |
| food industry | Citxadrus limonoid glucosyltransferase which is a key playxader for natural debitterness and anticancerous potenxadtial, can be utilized for metabolic engineering of Citxadrus limonoids to get rid of delayed bitterness problem along with enhanced limonoid glucoside molecules. The presence or absence of LGT can serve as a molecxadular indicator for determining the level of accumulaxadtion of limonoid glucoside and may reflect ultimately the possibility of delayed bitterness in available Citrus germplasm. Enhanced activity of LGT in citrus fruits may increase the glucoside level, which in turn will reduce the bitterness problem | Citrus maxima |
| food industry | Citxadrus limonoid glucosyltransferase which is a key playxader for natural debitterness and anticancerous potenxadtial, can be utilized for metabolic engineering of Citxadrus limonoids to get rid of delayed bitterness problem along with enhanced limonoid glucoside molecules. The presence or absence of LGT can serve as a molecxadular indicator for determining the level of accumulaxadtion of limonoid glucoside and may reflect ultimately the possibility of delayed bitterness in available Citrus germplasm. Enhanced activity of LGT in citrus fruits may increase the glucoside level, which in turn will reduce the bitterness problem | Citrus aurantium |
| food industry | Citxadrus limonoid glucosyltransferase which is a key playxader for natural debitterness and anticancerous potenxadtial, can be utilized for metabolic engineering of Citxadrus limonoids to get rid of delayed bitterness problem along with enhanced limonoid glucoside molecules. The presence or absence of LGT can serve as a molecxadular indicator for determining the level of accumulaxadtion of limonoid glucoside and may reflect ultimately the possibility of delayed bitterness in available Citrus germplasm. Enhanced activity of LGT in citrus fruits may increase the glucoside level, which in turn will reduce the bitterness problem | Citrus limettioides |
| food industry | Citxadrus limonoid glucosyltransferase which is a key playxader for natural debitterness and anticancerous potenxadtial, can be utilized for metabolic engineering of Citxadrus limonoids to get rid of delayed bitterness problem along with enhanced limonoid glucoside molecules. The presence or absence of LGT can serve as a molecxadular indicator for determining the level of accumulaxadtion of limonoid glucoside and may reflect ultimately the possibility of delayed bitterness in available Citrus germplasm. Enhanced activity of LGT in citrus fruits may increase the glucoside level, which in turn will reduce the bitterness problem | Citrus limon |
| medicine | Citxadrus limonoid metabolic engineering, and extraction as well as utilization of bioactive limonoids for health promoting and disease-preventing benefits. Limonoids are present in a very high amount in Citrus seeds and peel and thus their extractions can have commercial value. Limonoid aglycones and a mixture of limonoid glucosides are administered in human breast cancer cell lines. It has been demonstrated that limonoids are more potent than tamoxifen for estrogen-independent breast cancer cells and equally potent as tamoxifen for estrogen-dependent breast cancer cells. Effects and mechanisms of limonoids on cancer cells, overview. The Citrus limonoids such as obacunone, limonin, nomilxadin and their glucosides and some aglycones are found to have cytotoxic effects against lung, oral and skin cancers in animal test system and human breast cancer cells | Citrus unshiu |
| medicine | Citxadrus limonoid metabolic engineering, and extraction as well as utilization of bioactive limonoids for health promoting and disease-preventing benefits. Limonoids are present in a very high amount in Citrus seeds and peel and thus their extractions can have commercial value. Limonoid aglycones and a mixture of limonoid glucosides are administered in human breast cancer cell lines. It has been demonstrated that limonoids are more potent than tamoxifen for estrogen-independent breast cancer cells and equally potent as tamoxifen for estrogen-dependent breast cancer cells. Effects and mechanisms of limonoids on cancer cells, overview. The Citrus limonoids such as obacunone, limonin, nomilxadin and their glucosides and some aglycones are found to have cytotoxic effects against lung, oral and skin cancers in animal test system and human breast cancer cells | Citrus reticulata |
| medicine | Citxadrus limonoid metabolic engineering, and extraction as well as utilization of bioactive limonoids for health promoting and disease-preventing benefits. Limonoids are present in a very high amount in Citrus seeds and peel and thus their extractions can have commercial value. Limonoid aglycones and a mixture of limonoid glucosides are administered in human breast cancer cell lines. It has been demonstrated that limonoids are more potent than tamoxifen for estrogen-independent breast cancer cells and equally potent as tamoxifen for estrogen-dependent breast cancer cells. Effects and mechanisms of limonoids on cancer cells, overview. The Citrus limonoids such as obacunone, limonin, nomilxadin and their glucosides and some aglycones are found to have cytotoxic effects against lung, oral and skin cancers in animal test system and human breast cancer cells | Citrus sinensis |
| medicine | Citxadrus limonoid metabolic engineering, and extraction as well as utilization of bioactive limonoids for health promoting and disease-preventing benefits. Limonoids are present in a very high amount in Citrus seeds and peel and thus their extractions can have commercial value. Limonoid aglycones and a mixture of limonoid glucosides are administered in human breast cancer cell lines. It has been demonstrated that limonoids are more potent than tamoxifen for estrogen-independent breast cancer cells and equally potent as tamoxifen for estrogen-dependent breast cancer cells. Effects and mechanisms of limonoids on cancer cells, overview. The Citrus limonoids such as obacunone, limonin, nomilxadin and their glucosides and some aglycones are found to have cytotoxic effects against lung, oral and skin cancers in animal test system and human breast cancer cells | Citrus maxima |
| medicine | Citxadrus limonoid metabolic engineering, and extraction as well as utilization of bioactive limonoids for health promoting and disease-preventing benefits. Limonoids are present in a very high amount in Citrus seeds and peel and thus their extractions can have commercial value. Limonoid aglycones and a mixture of limonoid glucosides are administered in human breast cancer cell lines. It has been demonstrated that limonoids are more potent than tamoxifen for estrogen-independent breast cancer cells and equally potent as tamoxifen for estrogen-dependent breast cancer cells. Effects and mechanisms of limonoids on cancer cells, overview. The Citrus limonoids such as obacunone, limonin, nomilxadin and their glucosides and some aglycones are found to have cytotoxic effects against lung, oral and skin cancers in animal test system and human breast cancer cells | Citrus aurantium |
| medicine | Citxadrus limonoid metabolic engineering, and extraction as well as utilization of bioactive limonoids for health promoting and disease-preventing benefits. Limonoids are present in a very high amount in Citrus seeds and peel and thus their extractions can have commercial value. Limonoid aglycones and a mixture of limonoid glucosides are administered in human breast cancer cell lines. It has been demonstrated that limonoids are more potent than tamoxifen for estrogen-independent breast cancer cells and equally potent as tamoxifen for estrogen-dependent breast cancer cells. Effects and mechanisms of limonoids on cancer cells, overview. The Citrus limonoids such as obacunone, limonin, nomilxadin and their glucosides and some aglycones are found to have cytotoxic effects against lung, oral and skin cancers in animal test system and human breast cancer cells | Citrus limettioides |
| medicine | Citxadrus limonoid metabolic engineering, and extraction as well as utilization of bioactive limonoids for health promoting and disease-preventing benefits. Limonoids are present in a very high amount in Citrus seeds and peel and thus their extractions can have commercial value. Limonoid aglycones and a mixture of limonoid glucosides are administered in human breast cancer cell lines. It has been demonstrated that limonoids are more potent than tamoxifen for estrogen-independent breast cancer cells and equally potent as tamoxifen for estrogen-dependent breast cancer cells. Effects and mechanisms of limonoids on cancer cells, overview. The Citrus limonoids such as obacunone, limonin, nomilxadin and their glucosides and some aglycones are found to have cytotoxic effects against lung, oral and skin cancers in animal test system and human breast cancer cells | Citrus limon |
| nutrition | the waste/byproduct left in Citrus juice industry can be efficiently utilized to separate these bioactive compounds to use them as nutraceutical and functional food for human health | Citrus unshiu |
| nutrition | the waste/byproduct left in Citrus juice industry can be efficiently utilized to separate these bioactive compounds to use them as nutraceutical and functional food for human health | Citrus reticulata |
| nutrition | the waste/byproduct left in Citrus juice industry can be efficiently utilized to separate these bioactive compounds to use them as nutraceutical and functional food for human health | Citrus sinensis |
| nutrition | the waste/byproduct left in Citrus juice industry can be efficiently utilized to separate these bioactive compounds to use them as nutraceutical and functional food for human health | Citrus maxima |
| nutrition | the waste/byproduct left in Citrus juice industry can be efficiently utilized to separate these bioactive compounds to use them as nutraceutical and functional food for human health | Citrus aurantium |
| nutrition | the waste/byproduct left in Citrus juice industry can be efficiently utilized to separate these bioactive compounds to use them as nutraceutical and functional food for human health | Citrus limettioides |
| nutrition | the waste/byproduct left in Citrus juice industry can be efficiently utilized to separate these bioactive compounds to use them as nutraceutical and functional food for human health | Citrus limon |
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| Citrus unshiu is heterozygous posxadsessing both alleles, CitLGT1/CitLGT2, two alleles (CitLGT1/ CitLGT2) of LGT at a single locus | Citrus unshiu |
| gene SLLGT, single copy gene encoding LGT | Citrus aurantium |
| gene SLLGT, single copy gene encoding LGT | Citrus limettioides |
| single copy gene encoding LGT | Citrus reticulata |
| single copy gene encoding LGT | Citrus maxima |
| single copy gene encoding LGT | Citrus limon |
| single copy gene encoding LGT, Citrus sinensis is homozygous for allele CitLGT1 | Citrus sinensis |
Protein Variants
| Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| additional information | optimization of transformation efficiency, reproducibilxadity, and regeneration for production of engineered transgenic crop plants of Citrus limon cv. Assam lemon, overview | Citrus limon |
| additional information | optimization of transformation efficiency, reproducibilxadity, and regeneration for production of engineered transgenic crop plants of Citrus reticulata, overview | Citrus reticulata |
| additional information | optimization of transformation efficiency, reproducibilxadity, and regeneration for production of engineered transgenic crop plants of Citrus sinensis cv. Mosambi, overview | Citrus sinensis |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| citraconic anhydride | - |
Citrus maxima |  |
| Cu2+ | - |
Citrus maxima | |
| Hg2+ | - |
Citrus maxima | |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Co2+ | activates | Citrus maxima | |
| Mn2+ | activates | Citrus maxima | |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UDP-glucose + ichangin | Citrus reticulata | - |
glucosyl-ichangin + UDP | - |
? | |
| UDP-glucose + limonin | Citrus unshiu | - |
limonin 17-beta-D-glucopyranoside + UDP | - |
? | |
| UDP-glucose + limonin | Citrus reticulata | - |
limonin 17-beta-D-glucopyranoside + UDP | - |
? | |
| UDP-glucose + limonin | Citrus sinensis | - |
limonin 17-beta-D-glucopyranoside + UDP | - |
? | |
| UDP-glucose + limonin | Citrus maxima | - |
limonin 17-beta-D-glucopyranoside + UDP | - |
? | |
| UDP-glucose + limonin | Citrus aurantium | - |
limonin 17-beta-D-glucopyranoside + UDP | - |
? | |
| UDP-glucose + limonin | Citrus limettioides | - |
limonin 17-beta-D-glucopyranoside + UDP | - |
? | |
| UDP-glucose + limonin | Citrus limon | - |
limonin 17-beta-D-glucopyranoside + UDP | - |
? | |
| UDP-glucose + nomilin | Citrus reticulata | - |
glucosyl-nomilin + UDP | - |
? | |
| UDP-glucose + obacunone | Citrus reticulata | - |
glucosyl-obacunone + UDP | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Citrus aurantium | B2YGY0 | - |
- |
| Citrus limettioides | B2YGX7 | - |
- |
| Citrus limon | B6RNG6 | i.e. Citrus medica var. limon, cv. Assam lemon | - |
| Citrus maxima | A9YWH8 | - |
- |
| Citrus reticulata | A0A1I7P0P5 | - |
- |
| Citrus sinensis | B2YGX9 | i.e. Citrus aurantium var. sinensis | - |
| Citrus unshiu | Q9MB73 | i.e. Citrus nobilis var. unshiu | - |
Purification (Commentary)
| Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| native enzyme from albedo tissue | Citrus sinensis |
| native enzyme from albedo tissue | Citrus maxima |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| albedo | - |
Citrus unshiu | - |
| albedo | - |
Citrus sinensis | - |
| albedo | - |
Citrus maxima | - |
| fruit | - |
Citrus unshiu | - |
| fruit | - |
Citrus reticulata | - |
| fruit | - |
Citrus sinensis | - |
| fruit | - |
Citrus maxima | - |
| fruit | - |
Citrus aurantium | - |
| fruit | - |
Citrus limettioides | - |
| fruit | - |
Citrus limon | - |
| seed | - |
Citrus unshiu | - |
| seed | - |
Citrus reticulata | - |
| seed | - |
Citrus sinensis | - |
| seed | - |
Citrus maxima | - |
| seed | - |
Citrus aurantium | - |
| seed | - |
Citrus limettioides | - |
| seed | - |
Citrus limon | - |
| seedling | - |
Citrus sinensis | - |
| stem | - |
Citrus unshiu | - |
| stem | - |
Citrus reticulata | - |
| stem | - |
Citrus sinensis | - |
| stem | - |
Citrus maxima | - |
| stem | - |
Citrus aurantium | - |
| stem | - |
Citrus limettioides | - |
| stem | - |
Citrus limon | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UDP-glucose + ichangin | - |
Citrus reticulata | glucosyl-ichangin + UDP | - |
? | |
| UDP-glucose + limonin | - |
Citrus unshiu | limonin 17-beta-D-glucopyranoside + UDP | - |
? | |
| UDP-glucose + limonin | - |
Citrus reticulata | limonin 17-beta-D-glucopyranoside + UDP | - |
? | |
| UDP-glucose + limonin | - |
Citrus sinensis | limonin 17-beta-D-glucopyranoside + UDP | - |
? | |
| UDP-glucose + limonin | - |
Citrus maxima | limonin 17-beta-D-glucopyranoside + UDP | - |
? | |
| UDP-glucose + limonin | - |
Citrus aurantium | limonin 17-beta-D-glucopyranoside + UDP | - |
? | |
| UDP-glucose + limonin | - |
Citrus limettioides | limonin 17-beta-D-glucopyranoside + UDP | - |
? | |
| UDP-glucose + limonin | - |
Citrus limon | limonin 17-beta-D-glucopyranoside + UDP | - |
? | |
| UDP-glucose + nomilin | - |
Citrus reticulata | glucosyl-nomilin + UDP | - |
? | |
| UDP-glucose + obacunone | - |
Citrus reticulata | glucosyl-obacunone + UDP | - |
? | |
Subunits
| Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| ? | x * 55000, native enzyme in a single polypeptide chain | Citrus maxima |
| ? | x * 56000-58000, native enzyme | Citrus sinensis |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| LGT | - |
Citrus unshiu |
| LGT | - |
Citrus reticulata |
| LGT | - |
Citrus sinensis |
| LGT | - |
Citrus maxima |
| LGT | - |
Citrus aurantium |
| LGT | - |
Citrus limettioides |
| LGT | - |
Citrus limon |
| limonoid glucosyltransferase | - |
Citrus unshiu |
| limonoid glucosyltransferase | - |
Citrus reticulata |
| limonoid glucosyltransferase | - |
Citrus sinensis |
| limonoid glucosyltransferase | - |
Citrus maxima |
| limonoid glucosyltransferase | - |
Citrus aurantium |
| limonoid glucosyltransferase | - |
Citrus limettioides |
| limonoid glucosyltransferase | - |
Citrus limon |
| limonoid GTase | - |
Citrus unshiu |
| limonoid GTase | - |
Citrus reticulata |
| limonoid GTase | - |
Citrus sinensis |
| limonoid GTase | - |
Citrus maxima |
| limonoid GTase | - |
Citrus aurantium |
| limonoid GTase | - |
Citrus limettioides |
| limonoid GTase | - |
Citrus limon |
| SLLGT | - |
Citrus sinensis |
| SLLGT | - |
Citrus aurantium |
| SLLGT | - |
Citrus limettioides |
Temperature Optimum [°C]
| Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37 | - |
- |
Citrus sinensis |
| 37 | - |
- |
Citrus maxima |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7.8 | - |
- |
Citrus sinensis |
| 7.8 | - |
- |
Citrus maxima |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| evolution | limonoids are highly oxygenated triterpenes present mostly in Rutaceae and other limited plants of Meliaceae and Simaroubaceae, tissue distribution, overview | Citrus aurantium |
| evolution | limonoids are highly oxygenated triterpenes present mostly in Rutaceae and other limited plants of Meliaceae and Simaroubaceae, tissue distribution, overview | Citrus limettioides |
| evolution | limonoids are highly oxygenated triterpenes present mostly in Rutaceae and other limited plants of Meliaceae and Simaroubaceae, tissue distribution, overview | Citrus limon |
| evolution | limonoids are highly oxygenated triterpenes present mostly in Rutaceae and other limited plants of Meliaceae and Simaroubaceae, tissue distribution, overview. Limonoid glucosyltransferases belong to the family of glycosyltransferases. Two alleles (CitLGT1/ CitLGT2) of LGT at a single locus which are related to the dexadlayed bitterness in Citrus. The CitLGT2 differs from CitLGT1 by 15 nucleotide substitutions and these subxadstitutions are scattered throughout the coding region of the gene | Citrus unshiu |
| evolution | limonoids are highly oxygenated triterpenes present mostly in Rutaceae and other limited plants of Meliaceae and Simaroubaceae, tissue distribution, overview. Limonoid glucosyltransferases belong to the family of glyxadcosyltransferases | Citrus reticulata |
| evolution | limonoids are highly oxygenated triterpenes present mostly in Rutaceae and other limited plants of Meliaceae and Simaroubaceae, tissue distribution, overview. Limonoid glucosyltransferases belong to the family of glyxadcosyltransferases | Citrus sinensis |
| evolution | limonoids are highly oxygenated triterpenes present mostly in Rutaceae and other limited plants of Meliaceae and Simaroubaceae, tissue distribution, overview. Limonoid glucosyltransferases belong to the family of glyxadcosyltransferases | Citrus maxima |
| metabolism | limonoid glucosyltransferase (LGT) is a regulatory enzyme in the citrus limonoid biosynthetic pathway. Limonoid biosynthesis in plants, overview | Citrus unshiu |
| metabolism | limonoid glucosyltransferase (LGT) is a regulatory enzyme in the citrus limonoid biosynthetic pathway. Limonoid biosynthesis in plants, overview | Citrus reticulata |
| metabolism | limonoid glucosyltransferase (LGT) is a regulatory enzyme in the citrus limonoid biosynthetic pathway. Limonoid biosynthesis in plants, overview | Citrus sinensis |
| metabolism | limonoid glucosyltransferase (LGT) is a regulatory enzyme in the citrus limonoid biosynthetic pathway. Limonoid biosynthesis in plants, overview | Citrus maxima |
| metabolism | limonoid glucosyltransferase (LGT) is a regulatory enzyme in the citrus limonoid biosynthetic pathway. Limonoid biosynthesis in plants, overview | Citrus aurantium |
| metabolism | limonoid glucosyltransferase (LGT) is a regulatory enzyme in the citrus limonoid biosynthetic pathway. Limonoid biosynthesis in plants, overview | Citrus limettioides |
| metabolism | limonoid glucosyltransferase (LGT) is a regulatory enzyme in the citrus limonoid biosynthetic pathway. Limonoid biosynthesis in plants, overview | Citrus limon |
| additional information | inhibition of the enzyme acxadtivity by Cu2+ and Hg2+ ions suggests that thiol, carboxyl groups or histidine residues are directly or indirectly involved in the catalytic mechanism of the LGT enzyme. Inhibitory efxadfect of citraconic anhydride suggests the lysine or arginine may be involved in catalytic activity of pummelo LGT | Citrus maxima |
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