Literature summary for 2.3.1.B34 extracted from

Jeffers, V.; Gao, H.; Checkley, L.A.; Liu, Y.; Ferdig, M.T.; Sullivan, W.J.
Garcinol inhibits GCN5-mediated lysine acetyltransferase activity and prevents replication of the parasite Toxoplasma gondii (2016), Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 60, 2164-2170 .

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Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.
acetyl-CoA + [AcsA]-L-Lys	Staphylococcus aureus	AcsA is the AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase from Staphylococcus aureus (SaAcs)	CoA + [AcsA]-N6-acetyl-L-Lys	-	?
acetyl-CoA + [AcsA]-L-Lys	Staphylococcus aureus HG001	AcsA is the AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase from Staphylococcus aureus (SaAcs)	CoA + [AcsA]-N6-acetyl-L-Lys	-	?
acetyl-CoA + [BsAcsA]-L-Lys	Bacillus subtilis	BsAcsA is the AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase from Bacillus subtilis	CoA + [BsAcsA]-N6-acetyl-L-Lys	-	?
acetyl-CoA + [BsAcsA]-L-Lys	Bacillus subtilis 168	BsAcsA is the AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase from Bacillus subtilis	CoA + [BsAcsA]-N6-acetyl-L-Lys	-	?
acetyl-CoA + [SeAcs]-L-Lys	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	SeAcs is the AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase from Salmonella enterica (SeAcs)	CoA + [SeAcs]-N6-acetyl-L-Lys	-	?
acetyl-CoA + [SeAcs]-L-Lys	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium SGSC1412	SeAcs is the AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase from Salmonella enterica (SeAcs)	CoA + [SeAcs]-N6-acetyl-L-Lys	-	?
acetyl-CoA + [SeAcs]-L-Lys	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 700720	SeAcs is the AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase from Salmonella enterica (SeAcs)	CoA + [SeAcs]-N6-acetyl-L-Lys	-	?
propionyl-CoA + [AcsA]-L-Lys	Staphylococcus aureus	AcsA is AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase from Staphylococcus aureus (SaAcs)	CoA + [AcsA]-N6-propionyl-L-Lys	-	?
succinyl-CoA + [AcsA]-L-Lys	Staphylococcus aureus	AcsA is AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase from Staphylococcus aureus (SaAcs). AcuA is the first documented case of a bacterial GNAT capable of succinylation	CoA + [AcsA]-N6-succinyl-L-Lys	-	?

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Bacillus subtilis	P39065	-	-
Bacillus subtilis 168	P39065	-	-
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	Q8ZMX2	-	-
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 700720	Q8ZMX2	-	-
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium SGSC1412	Q8ZMX2	-	-
Staphylococcus aureus	A0A0D3Q886	-	-
Staphylococcus aureus HG001	A0A0D3Q886	-	-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.
acetyl-CoA + [AcsA]-L-Lys	AcsA is the AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase from Staphylococcus aureus (SaAcs)	Staphylococcus aureus	CoA + [AcsA]-N6-acetyl-L-Lys	-	?
acetyl-CoA + [AcsA]-L-Lys	AcsA is AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase from Staphylococcus aureus (SaAcs), lysine residue K546 is acetylated	Staphylococcus aureus	CoA + [AcsA]-N6-acetyl-L-Lys	-	?
acetyl-CoA + [AcsA]-L-Lys	AcsA is the AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase from Staphylococcus aureus (SaAcs)	Staphylococcus aureus HG001	CoA + [AcsA]-N6-acetyl-L-Lys	-	?
acetyl-CoA + [AcsA]-L-Lys	AcsA is AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase from Staphylococcus aureus (SaAcs), lysine residue K546 is acetylated	Staphylococcus aureus HG001	CoA + [AcsA]-N6-acetyl-L-Lys	-	?
acetyl-CoA + [AcsA]-L-Lys	SaAcsA is AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase from Staphylococcus aureus, lysine residue K546 is acetylated	Bacillus subtilis	CoA + [SaAcsA]-N6-acetyl-L-Lys	-	?
acetyl-CoA + [AcsA]-L-Lys	SaAcsA is AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase from Staphylococcus aureus, lysine residue K546 is acetylated	Bacillus subtilis 168	CoA + [SaAcsA]-N6-acetyl-L-Lys	-	?
acetyl-CoA + [BsAcsA]-L-Lys	BsAcsA is the AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase from Bacillus subtilis	Bacillus subtilis	CoA + [BsAcsA]-N6-acetyl-L-Lys	-	?
acetyl-CoA + [BsAcsA]-L-Lys	BsAcsA is the AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase from Bacillus subtilis(BsAcsA)	Staphylococcus aureus	CoA + [BsAcsA]-N6-acetyl-L-Lys	-	?
acetyl-CoA + [BsAcsA]-L-Lys	BsAcsA is the AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase from Bacillus subtilis	Bacillus subtilis 168	CoA + [BsAcsA]-N6-acetyl-L-Lys	-	?
acetyl-CoA + [BsAcsA]-L-Lys	BsAcsA is the AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase from Bacillus subtilis(BsAcsA)	Staphylococcus aureus HG001	CoA + [BsAcsA]-N6-acetyl-L-Lys	-	?
acetyl-CoA + [SeAcs]-L-Lys	SeAcs is the AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase from Salmonella enterica (SeAcs)	Staphylococcus aureus	CoA + [SeAcs]-N6-acetyl-L-Lys	-	?
acetyl-CoA + [SeAcs]-L-Lys	SeAcs is the AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase from Salmonella enterica (SeAcs)	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	CoA + [SeAcs]-N6-acetyl-L-Lys	-	?
acetyl-CoA + [SeAcs]-L-Lys	SeAcs is AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase from Salmonella enterica	Bacillus subtilis	CoA + [SeAcs]-N6-acetyl-L-Lys	-	?
acetyl-CoA + [SeAcs]-L-Lys	SeAcs is AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase from Salmonella enterica	Bacillus subtilis 168	CoA + [SeAcs]-N6-acetyl-L-Lys	-	?
acetyl-CoA + [SeAcs]-L-Lys	SeAcs is the AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase from Salmonella enterica (SeAcs)	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium SGSC1412	CoA + [SeAcs]-N6-acetyl-L-Lys	-	?
acetyl-CoA + [SeAcs]-L-Lys	SeAcs is the AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase from Salmonella enterica (SeAcs)	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 700720	CoA + [SeAcs]-N6-acetyl-L-Lys	-	?
acetyl-CoA + [SeAcs]-L-Lys	SeAcs is the AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase from Salmonella enterica (SeAcs)	Staphylococcus aureus HG001	CoA + [SeAcs]-N6-acetyl-L-Lys	-	?
additional information	enzyme BsAcuA acetylates BsAcsA and also SaAcsA from Staphylococcus aureus, as well as SeAcs from Salmonella enterica	Bacillus subtilis	?	-	-
additional information	enzyme SePat acetylates SeAcs, but it fails to acetylate AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase from Staphylococcus aureus (SaAcs) and Bacillus subtilis (BsAcsA)	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	?	-	-
additional information	no activity with AcsA substrate mutants SaAcsK546A, SaAcsK546R, and SaAcsK546Q by SaAcuA. SaAcuA does not acetylate any of the K546 variants. Malonyl-CoA is a poor substrate of SaAcuA	Staphylococcus aureus	?	-	-
additional information	enzyme BsAcuA acetylates BsAcsA and also SaAcsA from Staphylococcus aureus, as well as SeAcs from Salmonella enterica	Bacillus subtilis 168	?	-	-
additional information	enzyme SePat acetylates SeAcs, but it fails to acetylate AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase from Staphylococcus aureus (SaAcs) and Bacillus subtilis (BsAcsA)	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium SGSC1412	?	-	-
additional information	enzyme SePat acetylates SeAcs, but it fails to acetylate AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase from Staphylococcus aureus (SaAcs) and Bacillus subtilis (BsAcsA)	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 700720	?	-	-
additional information	no activity with AcsA substrate mutants SaAcsK546A, SaAcsK546R, and SaAcsK546Q by SaAcuA. SaAcuA does not acetylate any of the K546 variants. Malonyl-CoA is a poor substrate of SaAcuA	Staphylococcus aureus HG001	?	-	-
propionyl-CoA + [AcsA]-L-Lys	AcsA is AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase from Staphylococcus aureus (SaAcs)	Staphylococcus aureus	CoA + [AcsA]-N6-propionyl-L-Lys	-	?
propionyl-CoA + [AcsA]-L-Lys	AcsA is AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase from Staphylococcus aureus (SaAcs), lysine residue K546 is propionylated	Staphylococcus aureus	CoA + [AcsA]-N6-propionyl-L-Lys	-	?
succinyl-CoA + [AcsA]-L-Lys	AcsA is AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase from Staphylococcus aureus (SaAcs). AcuA is the first documented case of a bacterial GNAT capable of succinylation	Staphylococcus aureus	CoA + [AcsA]-N6-succinyl-L-Lys	-	?
succinyl-CoA + [AcsA]-L-Lys	AcsA is AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase from Staphylococcus aureus (SaAcs). AcuA is the first documented case of a bacterial GNAT capable of succinylation, lysine residue K546 is succinylated	Staphylococcus aureus	CoA + [AcsA]-N6-succinyl-L-Lys	-	?

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
acetoin utilization protein	UniProt	Staphylococcus aureus
acetoin utilization protein	UniProt	Bacillus subtilis
AcuA	-	Staphylococcus aureus
AcuA	-	Bacillus subtilis
BsAcuA	-	Bacillus subtilis
Pat	-	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium
peptidyl-lysine N-acetyltransferase	UniProt	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium
SaAcuA	-	Staphylococcus aureus
SePat	-	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium
type-I bGNAT	-	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium
type-IV bGNAT	-	Staphylococcus aureus
type-IV bGNAT	-	Bacillus subtilis

Cofactor

Cofactor	Comment	Organism
acetyl-CoA	-	Staphylococcus aureus
acetyl-CoA	-	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium
acetyl-CoA	-	Bacillus subtilis
propionyl-CoA	-	Staphylococcus aureus
succinyl-CoA	-	Staphylococcus aureus

General Information

General Information	Comment	Organism
evolution	enzyme BsAcsA is a GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase and belongs to the GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) protein superfamily (PF00583), all sharing a core catalytic domain despite low sequence homology. BsAcuA is a type-IV bGNAT enzyme	Bacillus subtilis
evolution	enzyme SaAcuA is a GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase and belongs to the GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) protein superfamily (PF00583), all sharing a core catalytic domain despite low sequence homology. SaAcuA is a type-IV bGNAT enzyme	Staphylococcus aureus
evolution	enzyme SePat is a GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase and belongs to the GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) protein superfamily (PF00583), all sharing a core catalytic domain despite low sequence homology. SePat is a two-domain bGNAT that belongs to type I	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium
metabolism	inactive SaAcsAc is deacetylated (hence reactivated) by the NAD+-dependent (class III) sirtuin protein deacetylase (hereafter SaCobB). In vivo and in vitro evidence show that SaAcuA and SaCobB modulate the level of SaAcs activity in Staphylococcus aureus	Staphylococcus aureus
physiological function	role of lysine acylation in metabolism is the acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase (Acs) enzyme, overview. In prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells alike, Acs activity is downregulated by acetylation and reactivated by deacetylation. Proteins belonging to the bacterial GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase (bGNAT) superfamily acetylate the epsilon amino group of an active site lysine, inactivating Acs	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium
physiological function	role of lysine acylation in metabolism is the acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase (Acs) enzyme, overview. In prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells alike, Acs activity is downregulated by acetylation and reactivated by deacetylation. Proteins belonging to the bacterial GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase (bGNAT) superfamily acetylate the epsilon amino group of an active site lysine, inactivating Acs	Bacillus subtilis
physiological function	role of lysine acylation in metabolism is the acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase (Acs) enzyme, overview. In prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells alike, Acs activity is downregulated by acetylation and reactivated by deacetylation. Proteins belonging to the bacterial GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase (bGNAT) superfamily acetylate the epsilon amino group of an active site lysine, inactivating Acs. Acs from Staphylococcus aureus (SaAcs) activates acetate and weakly activates propionate, but does not activate organic acids longer than C3 or dicarboxylic acids (e.g. butyrate, malonate and succinate). SaAcs activity is regulated by AcuA (SaAcuA), a type-IV bGNAT. SaAcuA can acetylate or propionylate SaAcs reducing its activity by over 90% and 95% respectively. SaAcuA also succinylated SaAcs, but this is less effective in AcsA inhibition than acetylation or propionylation of AcsA. Malonyl-CoA leads to only a slight inhibition of AcsA activity	Staphylococcus aureus