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Literature summary for 2.3.1.26 extracted from
- Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (1997), Annu. Rev. Biochem., 66, 613-638.
Activating Compound
| Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25-hydroxycholesterol | - |
Homo sapiens |  |
| 25-hydroxycholesterol | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| cholesterol | - |
Cricetulus griseus | |
| cholesterol | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| cholesterol | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| cholesterol | exogenous, added as phosphatidylcholine liposome or in acetone solution, stimulates | Platyrrhini | |
| additional information | regulation by sterol | Cricetulus griseus | |
| additional information | regulation by sterol | Cavia porcellus | |
| additional information | regulation by sterol | Mus musculus | |
| additional information | regulation by sterol | Homo sapiens | |
| additional information | regulation by sterol | Rattus norvegicus | |
| additional information | regulation by sterol | Sus scrofa | |
| additional information | regulation by sterol | Oryctolagus cuniculus | |
| additional information | regulation by sterol | Platyrrhini | |
| additional information | regulation by sterol | Columba sp. |
Application
| Application | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| medicine | identified as a major target for inhibition, based on the hypothesis that enzyme inhibitors may have a direct antiatherosclerotic effect within the arterial wall and a direct effect in blocking cholesterol absorption in the small intestine, and in reducing very-low-density lipoprotein secretion in the hepatocytes | Homo sapiens |
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| cDNA cloned | Cricetulus griseus |
| cDNA cloned | Oryctolagus cuniculus |
| expression in enzyme-deficient mutant chinese hamster ovary cells | Homo sapiens |
| expression in insect SF9 cells | Homo sapiens |
| expression in Xenopus oocytes | Mus musculus |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acetic anhydride | 2 distinct tissue types with difference in reactivity, the inhibitor appears to modify a histidine residue | Oryctolagus cuniculus | |
| CI-976 | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| CI-976 | - |
Oryctolagus cuniculus | |
| diethyl dicarbonate | 2 distinct tissue types with difference in reactivity, DEP-sensitive subtype typified by aortic ACTAT, DEP-resistant subtype typified by liver ACAT, irreversible inhibition, the inhibitor appear to modify a histidine residue | Oryctolagus cuniculus | |
| additional information | regulation by non-sterol agents | Cavia porcellus | |
| additional information | regulation by non-sterol agents | Columba sp. | |
| additional information | regulation by non-sterol agents | Cricetulus griseus | |
| additional information | regulation by non-sterol agents | Homo sapiens | |
| additional information | regulation by non-sterol agents | Mus musculus | |
| additional information | regulation by non-sterol agents; the inhibitor CI-976 given to cholesterol-fed rabbits prevents the accumulation of monocyte-macrophages within a pre-established iliac-femoral lesion and significantly reduces foam cell area | Oryctolagus cuniculus | |
| additional information | regulation by non-sterol agents | Platyrrhini | |
| additional information | regulation by non-sterol agents | Rattus norvegicus | |
| additional information | regulation by non-sterol agents | Sus scrofa |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| endoplasmic reticulum | - |
Cricetulus griseus | 5783 | - |
| endoplasmic reticulum | - |
Homo sapiens | 5783 | - |
| endoplasmic reticulum | - |
Platyrrhini | 5783 | - |
| endoplasmic reticulum | rough, membranes | Rattus norvegicus | 5783 | - |
| membrane | - |
Mus musculus | 16020 | - |
| membrane | - |
Rattus norvegicus | 16020 | - |
| microsome | - |
Mus musculus | - |
- |
| microsome | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
- |
| microsome | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
- |
| microsome | - |
Sus scrofa | - |
- |
| microsome | - |
Oryctolagus cuniculus | - |
- |
| additional information | - |
Platyrrhini | - |
- |
| additional information | cholesterol flux into and out of the endoplasmic reticulum | Cricetulus griseus | - |
- |
| additional information | cholesterol flux into and out of the endoplasmic reticulum | Homo sapiens | - |
- |
Molecular Weight [Da]
| Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 64810 | - |
- |
Homo sapiens |
| 213000 | - |
approximately, liver membranes, radiation inactivation analysis | Rattus norvegicus |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + cholesterol | Cricetulus griseus | - |
CoA + cholesteryl long-chain fatty acyl ester | - |
? | |
| long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + cholesterol | Cavia porcellus | - |
CoA + cholesteryl long-chain fatty acyl ester | - |
? | |
| long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + cholesterol | Mus musculus | - |
CoA + cholesteryl long-chain fatty acyl ester | - |
? | |
| long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + cholesterol | Homo sapiens | - |
CoA + cholesteryl long-chain fatty acyl ester | - |
? | |
| long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + cholesterol | Rattus norvegicus | - |
CoA + cholesteryl long-chain fatty acyl ester | - |
? | |
| long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + cholesterol | Sus scrofa | - |
CoA + cholesteryl long-chain fatty acyl ester | - |
? | |
| long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + cholesterol | Oryctolagus cuniculus | - |
CoA + cholesteryl long-chain fatty acyl ester | - |
? | |
| long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + cholesterol | Platyrrhini | - |
CoA + cholesteryl long-chain fatty acyl ester | - |
? | |
| long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + cholesterol | Columba sp. | - |
CoA + cholesteryl long-chain fatty acyl ester | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cavia porcellus | - |
- |
- |
| Columba sp. | - |
pigeon | - |
| Cricetulus griseus | - |
- |
- |
| Homo sapiens | - |
- |
- |
| Mus musculus | - |
- |
- |
| Oryctolagus cuniculus | - |
- |
- |
| Platyrrhini | - |
- |
- |
| Rattus norvegicus | - |
- |
- |
| Sus scrofa | - |
- |
- |
Purification (Commentary)
| Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
- |
Sus scrofa |
Renatured (Commentary)
| Renatured (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| solubilization of enzyme activity by deoxycholate, reconstitution of the solubilized activity into liposome of known cholesterol and phospholipid content by employing a cholate dialysis procedure | Cricetulus griseus |
| solubilization of enzyme activity by deoxycholate, reconstitution of the solubilized activity into liposome of known cholesterol and phospholipid content by employing a cholate dialysis procedure | Sus scrofa |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| adrenal gland | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| adrenal gland | - |
Platyrrhini | - |
| adrenal gland | relative high level of mRNA | Mus musculus | - |
| adrenal gland | relative high level of mRNA | Rattus norvegicus | - |
| adrenal gland | relative high level of mRNA | Oryctolagus cuniculus | - |
| aorta | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| aorta | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| aorta | atheroschlerotic tissue | Oryctolagus cuniculus | - |
| brain | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| brain | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| brain | - |
Oryctolagus cuniculus | - |
| CHO cell | - |
Cricetulus griseus | - |
| heart | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| heart | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| heart | - |
Oryctolagus cuniculus | - |
| heart | - |
Platyrrhini | - |
| kidney | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| kidney | - |
Oryctolagus cuniculus | - |
| kidney | - |
Platyrrhini | - |
| liver | - |
Cavia porcellus | - |
| liver | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| liver | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| liver | - |
Sus scrofa | - |
| liver | - |
Platyrrhini | - |
| liver | - |
Columba sp. | - |
| liver | the enzyme activity is very low in fetal livers but is largely induced shortly after birth | Rattus norvegicus | - |
| liver | nonparenchymal cells contain 30fold more enzyme message than parenchymal cells | Oryctolagus cuniculus | - |
| macrophage | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| macrophage | relative high level of mRNA | Mus musculus | - |
| macrophage | relative high level of mRNA | Oryctolagus cuniculus | - |
| peritoneal macrophage | - |
Cricetulus griseus | - |
| peritoneal macrophage | - |
Cavia porcellus | - |
| peritoneal macrophage | messages relative abundant | Mus musculus | - |
| peritoneal macrophage | messages relative abundant | Rattus norvegicus | - |
| peritoneal macrophage | messages relative abundant | Oryctolagus cuniculus | - |
| preputial gland | highly expressed | Mus musculus | - |
| skeletal muscle | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| skeletal muscle | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| testis | relative high level of mRNA | Mus musculus | - |
| testis | relative high level of mRNA | Rattus norvegicus | - |
| testis | relative high level of mRNA | Oryctolagus cuniculus | - |
Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]
| Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | - |
- |
Cricetulus griseus |
| additional information | - |
- |
Cavia porcellus |
| additional information | - |
- |
Mus musculus |
| additional information | - |
- |
Homo sapiens |
| additional information | - |
- |
Rattus norvegicus |
| additional information | - |
- |
Sus scrofa |
| additional information | - |
- |
Platyrrhini |
| additional information | - |
- |
Columba sp. |
| additional information | - |
enhancement of activity following 8-11 weeks of cholesterol feeding | Oryctolagus cuniculus |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + cholesterol | - |
Cricetulus griseus | CoA + cholesteryl long-chain fatty acyl ester | - |
? | |
| long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + cholesterol | - |
Cavia porcellus | CoA + cholesteryl long-chain fatty acyl ester | - |
? | |
| long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + cholesterol | - |
Mus musculus | CoA + cholesteryl long-chain fatty acyl ester | - |
? | |
| long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + cholesterol | - |
Homo sapiens | CoA + cholesteryl long-chain fatty acyl ester | - |
? | |
| long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + cholesterol | - |
Rattus norvegicus | CoA + cholesteryl long-chain fatty acyl ester | - |
? | |
| long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + cholesterol | - |
Sus scrofa | CoA + cholesteryl long-chain fatty acyl ester | - |
? | |
| long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + cholesterol | - |
Oryctolagus cuniculus | CoA + cholesteryl long-chain fatty acyl ester | - |
? | |
| long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + cholesterol | - |
Platyrrhini | CoA + cholesteryl long-chain fatty acyl ester | - |
? | |
| long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + cholesterol | - |
Columba sp. | CoA + cholesteryl long-chain fatty acyl ester | - |
? | |
Subunits
| Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| ? | x * 45000-50000, SDS-PAGE | Homo sapiens |
Cofactor
| Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| CoA | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| CoA | required by the in-situ acyl-CoA production | Rattus norvegicus | |
Ki Value [mM]
| Ki Value [mM] | Ki Value maximum [mM] | Inhibitor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.04 | - |
diethyl dicarbonate | aortic enzyme | Oryctolagus cuniculus | |
| 0.5 | - |
Acetic anhydride | less than, aortic enzyme | Oryctolagus cuniculus | |
| 1.5 | - |
diethyl dicarbonate | liver enzyme | Oryctolagus cuniculus | |
| 5 | - |
Acetic anhydride | greater than, liver enzyme | Oryctolagus cuniculus | |
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