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Literature summary for 2.3.1.23 extracted from
- Cytosolic phospholipase A2 and lysophospholipid acyltransferases (2019), Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1864, 838-845 .
Activating Compound
| Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATP | - |
Mus musculus |  |
| lipolysaccharide | - |
Mus musculus | |
| additional information | in macrophages, extracellular stimuli such as ATP, PAF, and lipopolysaccharides phosphorylate and activate LPCAT2, but not LPCAT1 | Mus musculus | |
| PAF | - |
Mus musculus | |
Protein Variants
| Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| additional information | construction of LPCAT3-deficient mutant mice, phenotype, overview | Mus musculus |
| additional information | construction of two independent LPCAT1-deficient mouse lines | Mus musculus |
| additional information | construction of two independent LPCAT1-deficient mouse lines. LPCAT1-KO mice also show decreased lung dipalmitoyl-PC and blood oxygenation levels, and lower survival ratios compared to wild-type mice in a ventilator-induced lung injury model, which is an acute lung inflammatory model | Mus musculus |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| arachidonoyl-CoA + 1-acyl-lysophosphatidylcholine | Mus musculus | preferred substrate | CoA + 1-acyl-2-arachidonoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine | - |
? | |
| palmitoyl-CoA + 1-palmitoyl-sn-lysophosphatidylcholine | Mus musculus | dipalmitoyl-PC is biosynthesized by LPCAT1 in the Lands' cycle | CoA + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-lysophosphatidylcholine | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mus musculus | Q3TFD2 | - |
- |
| Mus musculus | Q8BYI6 | - |
- |
| Mus musculus | Q91V01 | - |
- |
Posttranslational Modification
| Posttranslational Modification | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| phosphoprotein | in macrophages, extracellular stimuli such as ATP, PAF, and lipopolysaccharides phosphorylate and activate LPCAT2 | Mus musculus |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| alveolar cell type II | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| brain | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| intestinal stem cell | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| intestine | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| lung | mainly | Mus musculus | - |
| macrophage | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| retina | mainly | Mus musculus | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| arachidonoyl-CoA + 1-acyl-lysophosphatidylcholine | preferred substrate | Mus musculus | CoA + 1-acyl-2-arachidonoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine | - |
? | |
| arachidonoyl-CoA + 1-acyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamine | - |
Mus musculus | CoA + 1-acyl-2-arachidonoyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamine | - |
? | |
| arachidonoyl-CoA + 1-acyl-lysophosphatidylserine | - |
Mus musculus | CoA + 1-acyl-2-arachidonoyl-lysophosphatidylserine | - |
? | |
| additional information | LPCAT3 biosynthesizes phosphatidylcholine with arachidonic acid. LPCAT3 can also produce phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine with arachidonic acid | Mus musculus | ? | - |
- |
|
| additional information | the enzyme Lpcat1 also shows lyso-PAF acetyltransferase activity, EC 2.3.1.67 | Mus musculus | ? | - |
- |
|
| additional information | the enzyme Lpcat2 also shows lyso-PAF acetyltransferase activity, EC 2.3.1.67 | Mus musculus | ? | - |
- |
|
| palmitoyl-CoA + 1-palmitoyl-sn-lysophosphatidylcholine | - |
Mus musculus | CoA + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-lysophosphatidylcholine | - |
? | |
| palmitoyl-CoA + 1-palmitoyl-sn-lysophosphatidylcholine | dipalmitoyl-PC is biosynthesized by LPCAT1 in the Lands' cycle | Mus musculus | CoA + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-lysophosphatidylcholine | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| LPCAT1 | - |
Mus musculus |
| LPCAT2 | - |
Mus musculus |
| LPCAT3 | - |
Mus musculus |
| LPLAT | - |
Mus musculus |
| lyso-PAF acetyltransferase | - |
Mus musculus |
| lysophospholipid acyltransferase | - |
Mus musculus |
Expression
| Organism | Comment | Expression |
|---|---|---|
| Mus musculus | LPCAT2 expression is increased by 16 h treatment with lipopolysaccharides | up |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| evolution | the enzyme belongs to the MBOAT family | Mus musculus |
| malfunction | LPCAT1 gene-trapped mice show decreased lung saturated phosphatidylcholine and higher perinatal mortality due to respiratory failure. LPCAT1-KO mice also show decreased lung dipalmitoyl-PC and blood oxygenation levels, and lower survival ratios compared to wild-type mice in a ventilator-induced lung injury model, which is an acute lung inflammatory model. Retinal degeneration and defects in visual function are also reported in a mouse strain containing a mutation in LPCAT1, rd11, reduced retinal dipalmitoyl-PC contents in mutant mice, reproducing the similar observation in the lung | Mus musculus |
| malfunction | LPCAT1 gene-trapped mice show decreased lung saturated phosphatidylcholine and higher perinatal mortality due to respiratory failure. LPCAT1-KO mice also show decreased lung dipalmitoyl-PC and blood oxygenation levels, and lower survival ratios compared to wild-type mice in a ventilator-induced lung injury model, which is an acute lung inflammatory model. Retinal degeneration and defects in visual function are also reported in a mouse strain containing a mutation in LPCAT1, reduced retinal dipalmitoyl-PC contents in mutant mice, reproducing the similar observation in the lung | Mus musculus |
| malfunction | LPCAT3 deficiency decreases arachidonic acid containing PC, PE, and PS and induces neonatal lethality due to triacylglycerol (TG) accumulation and dysfunction in enterocytes. LPCAT3-KO mice show longer and bigger small intestine. In response to high-fat feeding, LPCAT3 deficiency in the intestine increases a gut hormone, GLP-1, and oleoylethanolamide. These results suggest that AA-containing PC is a key molecule in regulating dietary lipid absorption. LPCAT3 deficiency reduces cholesterol efflux in macrophages and intestine. Excess cellular cholesterol by LPCAT3 deficiency increases intestinal stem cell proliferation and promotes tumorigenesis | Mus musculus |
| metabolism | phospholipase A2 (PLA2) plays a role in membrane phospholipid remodeling by coupling with re-acylation processes mediated by lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs) to generate sn-1/sn-2 fatty acid asymmetry of phospholipids. Lysophospholipids are acylated by LPLAT to generate phospholipids phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and cardiolipin (CL) by LPLATs. In the Kennedy pathway, glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) is first acylated by glycerol-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) to form lyso-PA (LPA), which is subsequently converted to PA by LPA-acyltransferase (LPAAT) | Mus musculus |
| metabolism | phospholipase A2 (PLA2) plays a role in membrane phospholipid remodeling by coupling with re-acylation processes mediated by lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs) to generate sn-1/sn-2 fatty acid asymmetry of phospholipids. Lysophospholipids are acylated by LPLAT to generate phospholipids phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and cardiolipin (CL) by LPLATs. In the Kennedy pathway, glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) is first acylated by glycerol-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) to form lyso-PA (LPA), which is subsequently converted to PA by LPA-acyltransferase (LPAAT). Dipalmitoyl-PC is biosynthesized by LPCAT1 in the Lands' cycle | Mus musculus |
| metabolism | phospholipase A2 (PLA2) plays a role in membrane phospholipid remodeling by coupling with re-acylation processes mediated by lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs) to generate sn-1/sn-2 fatty acid asymmetry of phospholipids. Lysophospholipids are acylated by LPLAT to generate phospholipids phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and cardiolipin (CL) by LPLATs. In the Kennedy pathway, glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) is first acylated by glycerol-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) to form lyso-PA (LPA), which is subsequently converted to PA by LPA-acyltransferase (LPAAT). PAF is a potent phospholipid mediator that is biosynthesized by lyso-PAF acetyltransferase using lyso-PAF and acetyl-CoA | Mus musculus |
| additional information | a constitutive type of lyso-PAF acetyltransferase enzyme | Mus musculus |
| additional information | an inducible type of lyso-PAF acetyltransferase enzyme | Mus musculus |
| physiological function | role for LPCAT1 in respiratory function: the production of surfactant phospholipids | Mus musculus |
| physiological function | role for LPCAT3 in lipid and energy homeostasis | Mus musculus |
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