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Literature summary for 2.3.1.20 extracted from
- Characterization of type 2 diacylglycerol acyltransferases in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii reveals their distinct substrate specificities and functions in triacylglycerol biosynthesis (2016), Plant J., 86, 3-19 .
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| gene DGTT1, quantitative real-time PCR enzyme expression analysis, recombinant expression of the isozyme in TAG-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain H1246 microsomes, expression of CrDGTT1 restores TAG biosynthesis | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| gene DGTT2, quantitative real-time PCR enzyme expression analysis, recombinant expression of the isozyme in TAG-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain H1246 microsomes, expression of CrDGTT2 restores TAG biosynthesis | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| gene DGTT3, quantitative real-time PCR enzyme expression analysis, recombinant expression of the isozyme in TAG-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain H1246 microsomes, expression of CrDGTT3 restores TAG biosynthesis | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chloroplast envelope | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | 9941 | - |
| endoplasmic reticulum membrane | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | 5789 | - |
| lipid droplet | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | 5811 | - |
| membrane | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | 16020 | - |
| thylakoid membrane | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | 42651 | - |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mg2+ | required | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |  |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| acyl-CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | - |
CoA + 1,2,3-triacylglycerol | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | A8INZ7 | wild-type strain CC-1690 (mt+), cell wall-deficient strain CC-503 (mt+ cw92), and sta6 mutant (CC-4348) | - |
| Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | A8J110 | wild-type strain CC-1690 (mt+), cell wall-deficient strain CC-503 (mt+ cw92), and sta6 mutant (CC-4348) | - |
| Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | H6V962 | wild-type strain CC-1690 (mt+), cell wall-deficient strain CC-503 (mt+ cw92), and sta6 mutant (CC-4348) | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| acyl-CoA + 1,2-di-alpha-linolenoyl-sn-glycerol | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | CoA + 1,2-di-alpha-linolenoyl-3-acylglycerol | - |
? | |
| acyl-CoA + 1,2-di-alpha-linolenoyl-sn-glycerol | low activity with the DAG substrate | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | CoA + 1,2-di-alpha-linolenoyl-3-acylglycerol | - |
? | |
| acyl-CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | CoA + 1,2,3-triacylglycerol | - |
? | |
| acyl-CoA + 1,2-dilinoleoyl-sn-glycerol | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | CoA + 1,2-dilinoleoyl-3-acylglycerol | - |
? | |
| acyl-CoA + 1,2-dilinoleoyl-sn-glycerol | low activity with the DAG substrate | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | CoA + 1,2-dilinoleoyl-3-acylglycerol | - |
? | |
| acyl-CoA + 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | CoA + 1,2-oleoyl-3-acylglycerol | - |
? | |
| acyl-CoA + 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol | low activity with the DAG substrate | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | CoA + 1,2-oleoyl-3-acylglycerol | - |
? | |
| acyl-CoA + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | CoA + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-acylglycerol | - |
? | |
| acyl-CoA + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol | low activity with the DAG substrate | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | CoA + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-acylglycerol | - |
? | |
| acyl-CoA + 1,2-hexadec-9-enoyl-sn-glycerol | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | CoA + 1,2-dihexadec-9-enoyl-3-acylglycerol | - |
? | |
| acyl-CoA + 1,3-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | CoA + 1,3-dioleoyl-2-acylglycerol | - |
? | |
| acyl-CoA + 1,3-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol | low activity with the DAG substrate | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | CoA + 1,3-dioleoyl-2-acylglycerol | - |
? | |
| acyl-CoA + 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | CoA + 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-acylglycerol | - |
? | |
| acyl-CoA + 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | CoA + 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-3-acylglycerol | - |
? | |
| alpha-linolenoyl-CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | CoA + 1,2-diacyl-3-alpha-linolenoylglycerol | - |
? | |
| alpha-linolenoyl-CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol | best acyl-CoA substrate | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | CoA + 1,2-diacyl-3-alpha-linolenoylglycerol | - |
? | |
| docosahexaenoyl-CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | CoA + 1,2-diacyl-3-docosahexaenoylglycerol | - |
? | |
| eicosapentaenoyl-CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | CoA + 1,2-diacyl-3-eicosapentaenoylglycerol | - |
? | |
| gamma-linolenoyl-CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | CoA + 1,2-diacyl-3-gamma-linolenoylglycerol | - |
? | |
| hexadec-9-enoyl-CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | CoA + 1,2-diacyl-3-hexadec-9-enoylglycerol | - |
? | |
| hexadec-9-enoyl-CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol | best acyl-CoA subbstrate | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | CoA + 1,2-diacyl-3-hexadec-9-enoylglycerol | - |
? | |
| hexadec-9-enoyl-CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol | preferred acyl-CoA substrate | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | CoA + 1,2-diacyl-3-hexadec-9-enoylglycerol | - |
? | |
| lignoceryl-CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | CoA + 1,2-diacyl-3-lignocerylglycerol | - |
? | |
| linoleoyl-CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | CoA + 1,2-diacyl-3-linoleoylglycerol | - |
? | |
| additional information | distinct substrate specificities of three DGTT isozymes, overview. CrDGTT1 prefers polyunsaturated acyl CoAs, CrDGTT2 prefers monounsaturated acyl CoAs, and CrDGTT3 prefers C16 CoAs. When diacylglycerol is used as the substrate, CrDGTT1 prefers C16 over C18 in the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone, but CrDGTT2 and CrDGTT3 prefer C18 over C16. CrDGTT2 exhibits a preference for monounsaturated acyl CoAs over saturated ones. When supplied with acyl CoAs of the same acyl chain length, CrDGTT2, unlike CrDGTT1, shows only a slight preference for polyunsaturated acyl CoAs over monounsaturated ones. CrDGTT2 shows comparable activities toward C16:0 and C18:0 CoAs, for unsaturated acyl CoAs, it has similar activity toward C16:1 and C18:1 CoAs. CrDGTT2 also shows strong activity toward C20:5n3 and C22:6n3 CoAs | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | ? | - |
- |
|
| additional information | distinct substrate specificities of three DGTT isozymes, overview. CrDGTT1 prefers polyunsaturated acyl CoAs, CrDGTT2 prefers monounsaturated acyl CoAs, and CrDGTT3 prefers C16 CoAs. When diacylglycerol is used as the substrate, CrDGTT1 prefers C16 over C18 in the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone, but CrDGTT2 and CrDGTT3 prefer C18 over C16. CrDGTT3 shows low activity toward polyunsaturated acyl CoAs and prefers C16 CoAs, particularly C16:1 CoA, over C18 and other longer-chain fatty acyl CoAs | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | ? | - |
- |
|
| additional information | distinct substrate specificities of three DGTT isozymes, overview. CrDGTT1 prefers polyunsaturated acyl CoAs, CrDGTT2 prefers monounsaturated acyl CoAs, and CrDGTT3 prefers C16 CoAs. When diacylglycerol is used as the substrate, CrDGTT1 prefers C16 over C18 in the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone, but CrDGTT2 and CrDGTT3 prefer C18 over C16. Unsaturated acyl CoAs, particularly polyunsaturated acyl CoAs, are the preferred substrates for CrDGTT1. CrDGTT1 has a considerably higher activity toward C16:1 than C16:0. For C18 CoAs, CrDGTT1 has the greatest activity toward C18:3n, followed by C18:2, C18:1n9, and C18:0. CrDGTT1 prefers shorter-chain acyl CoAs when the number of double bonds is the same, for instance, C16:0 and C16:1 result in a greater level of TAG accumulation than C18:0 and C18:1, respectively. CrDGTT1 is also shown to have strong activity toward C20:5n3 and C22:6n3 CoAs. When using C18:3n6(d6) CoA as the acyl donor, CrDGTT1 shows strong and comparable activity toward C16:1/C16:1, C18:1n9/C16:0, C16:0/C18:1n9, and C18:1n9/C18:1n9 DAGs, but weak or no activity toward C16:0/C16:0, 1,3-C18:1n9/C18:1n9, C18:2/C18:2, and C18:3n3/C18:3n3 DAGs | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | ? | - |
- |
|
| oleoyl-CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | CoA + 1,2-diacyl-3-oleoylglycerol | - |
? | |
| palmitoyl-CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | CoA + 1,2-diacyl-3-palmitoylglycerol | - |
? | |
| palmitoyl-CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol | good acyl-CoA substrate | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | CoA + 1,2-diacyl-3-palmitoylglycerol | - |
? | |
| stearoyl-CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | CoA + 1,2-diacyl-3-stearoylglycerol | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| CrDGTT1 | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| CrDGTT2 | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| CrDGTT3 | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| DGAT | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| DGTT | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| diacylglycerol acyltransferase | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| type 2 DGAT | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
Temperature Optimum [°C]
| Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 30 | - |
assay at | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7.5 | - |
assay at | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| malfunction | in vivo knockdown of CrDGTT1, CrDGTT2 or CrDGTT3 results in 20-35% decreases in TAG content and a reduction of specific TAG fatty acids, in agreement with the findings of the in vitro assay and fatty acid feeding test | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| physiological function | isozymes CrDGTT1, CrDGTT2 and CrDGTT3 possess distinct specificities toward acyl CoAs and diacylglycerols, and may work in concert spatially and temporally to synthesize diverse triacylglycerol (TAG) species in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| physiological function | isozymes CrDGTT1, CrDGTT2 and CrDGTT3 possess distinct specificities toward acyl CoAs and diacylglycerols, and may work in concert spatially and temporally to synthesize diverse triacylglycerol (TAG) species in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. rDGTT1 is shown to prefer prokaryotic lipid substrates and probably resides in both the endoplasmic reticulum and chloroplast envelope, indicating its role in prokaryotic and eukaryotic TAG biosynthesis. Role of isozyme CrDGTT1 in TAG biosynthesis, overview | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)
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