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Literature summary for 2.3.1.164 extracted from

  • Weber, S.S.; Polli, F.; Boer, R.; Bovenberg, R.A.; Driessen, A.J.
    Increased penicillin production in Penicillium chrysogenum production strains via balanced overexpression of isopenicillin N acyltransferase (2012), Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 78, 7107-7113.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
gene penDE, lack of correlation between the protein and transcript levels of the IAT enzyme, quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis and gene copy number determination, overexpression of penDE in Penicillium chrysogenum strains DS47274, DS47273, and DS17690, introduction of penDE gene without introns into these strains in a random manner, via the nonhomologous end-joining pathway. Cooverexpression of penDE with gene phl, encoding the phenylacetic acid CoA ligase leading to production of phenoxyacetyl-CoA and penicillin V Penicillium chrysogenum

Protein Variants

Protein Variants Comment Organism
additional information in high-yielding penicillin production strains IAT is the limiting factor and that this limitation can be alleviated by a balanced overproduction of this enzyme. Cooverexpression of penDE with gene phl, encoding the phenylacetic acid CoA ligase leading to production of phenoxyacetyl-CoA and penicillin V Penicillium chrysogenum

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
phenylacetyl-CoA + isopenicillin N + H2O Penicillium chrysogenum
-
CoA + penicillin G + L-2-aminohexanedioate
-
?
phenylacetyl-CoA + isopenicillin N + H2O Penicillium chrysogenum DS17690
-
CoA + penicillin G + L-2-aminohexanedioate
-
?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Penicillium chrysogenum
-
gene penDE
-
Penicillium chrysogenum DS17690
-
gene penDE
-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
additional information the protein level of IAT already saturates at low cluster copy numbers, lack of correlation between the protein and transcript levels of the IAT enzyme Penicillium chrysogenum
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
phenoxyacetyl-CoA + isopenicillin N + H2O
-
Penicillium chrysogenum CoA + penicillin V + L-2-aminohexanedioate
-
?
phenoxyacetyl-CoA + isopenicillin N + H2O
-
Penicillium chrysogenum DS17690 CoA + penicillin V + L-2-aminohexanedioate
-
?
phenylacetyl-CoA + isopenicillin N + H2O
-
Penicillium chrysogenum CoA + penicillin G + L-2-aminohexanedioate
-
?
phenylacetyl-CoA + isopenicillin N + H2O
-
Penicillium chrysogenum DS17690 CoA + penicillin G + L-2-aminohexanedioate
-
?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
IAT
-
Penicillium chrysogenum
isopenicillin N acyltransferase
-
Penicillium chrysogenum

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
malfunction penicillin production in high-yielding strains can be further improved by the overexpression of IAT while at very high levels of IAT the precursor 6-aminopenicillic acid accumulates Penicillium chrysogenum
physiological function IAT catalyzes a limiting step in high-yielding penicillin production strains Penicillium chrysogenum