Literature summary for 2.3.1.15 extracted from

Yang, S.U.; Kim, J.; Kim, H.; Suh, M.C.
Functional characterization of Physcomitrella patens glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 9 and an increase in seed oil content in Arabidopsis by its ectopic expression (2019), Plants (Basel), 8, 284-300 .

Application

Application	Comment	Organism
biotechnology	PpGPAT9 may be another genetic resource to enhance storage oil yields from oilseed crops	Physcomitrium patens
nutrition	PpGPAT9 may be another genetic resource to enhance storage oil yields from oilseed crops	Physcomitrium patens

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment)	Organism
gene plat2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis and tree, recombinant expression of eYFP-tagged PpGPAT9 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf epidermal cell endoplasmic reticulum using Agrobacterium tumefaciens transfection system. Recombinant ectopic expression of PpGPAT9 in Arabidopsis thaliana increasing the seed oil content by approximately 10%. The levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (18:2, 18:3, and 20:2) and saturated fatty acids (16:0, 18:0, and 20:0) increase by 60% and 43%, respectively, in the storage oil of the transgenic seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana when compared with the wild-type, the transgenic embryos with increased oil content contain larger embryonic cells than the wild-type. Quantitative RT-PCR expression analysis	Physcomitrium patens

Cloned (Comment)

Organism

gene plat2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis and tree, recombinant expression of eYFP-tagged PpGPAT9 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf epidermal cell endoplasmic reticulum using Agrobacterium tumefaciens transfection system. Recombinant ectopic expression of PpGPAT9 in Arabidopsis thaliana increasing the seed oil content by approximately 10%. The levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (18:2, 18:3, and 20:2) and saturated fatty acids (16:0, 18:0, and 20:0) increase by 60% and 43%, respectively, in the storage oil of the transgenic seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana when compared with the wild-type, the transgenic embryos with increased oil content contain larger embryonic cells than the wild-type. Quantitative RT-PCR expression analysis

Physcomitrium patens

Localization

Localization	Comment	Organism	GeneOntology No.	Textmining
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	-	Physcomitrium patens	5789	-
protoplast	-	Physcomitrium patens	-	-

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.	Reac.
acyl-CoA + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate	Physcomitrium patens	-	CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate	-	?

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Physcomitrium patens	A9SYM2	-	-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue	Comment	Organism	Textmining
archegonium	-	Physcomitrium patens	-
gametophore	-	Physcomitrium patens	-
microspore	-	Physcomitrium patens	-
additional information	the highest expression of PpGPAT9 is detected in the mature sporophyte (SM), followed by the spores. The PpGPAT9 transcript levels are approximately 3fold and 1.6fold higher in 4-week-old and 8-week-old gametophores than in the protonema	Physcomitrium patens	-
protonema	-	Physcomitrium patens	-
rhizoid	-	Physcomitrium patens	-
sporophyte	different stages	Physcomitrium patens	-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
acyl-CoA + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate	-	Physcomitrium patens	CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate	-	?

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 9	-	Physcomitrium patens
GPAT9	-	Physcomitrium patens
PHYPADRAFT_137573	-	Physcomitrium patens
Ppa GPAT9	-	Physcomitrium patens
PpGPAT9	-	Physcomitrium patens

General Information

General Information	Comment	Organism
evolution	GPAT9 is the homologue of a microsomal GPAT involved in the production of storage oil in mammalian cells	Physcomitrium patens
malfunction	loss-of-function mutant atgpat9 displays a lethal embryo phenotype, suggesting the essential role of GPAT9 in membrane lipid synthesis	Physcomitrium patens
metabolism	de novo fatty acid biosynthesis occurs exclusively in plastids, and glycerolipids are synthesized via prokaryotic pathway in the plastids and eukaryotic pathway in the endoplasmic reticulum. The synthesized fatty acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) or acyl-CoA is esterified to glycerol-3-phosphate by glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), overview. GPAT9 catalyzes the first step in the synthesis of membrane lipids and triacylglycerol (TAG)	Physcomitrium patens
physiological function	glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 9 (GPAT9), which catalyzes the synthesis of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) from a glycerol-3-phosphate and acyl-CoA, is isolated from the moss Physcomitrella patens, which produces high levels of very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in protonema and gametophores	Physcomitrium patens