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Literature summary for 2.2.1.6 extracted from
- Roles of three well-conserved arginine residues in mediating the catalytic activity of tobacco acetohydroxy acid synthase (2005), J. Biochem., 138, 35-40.
Application
| Application | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| drug development | the enzyme is a target of several classes of herbicides | Nicotiana tabacum |
Protein Variants
| Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| R141A | site-directed mutagenesis, inactive mutant, unable to bind the cofactor FAD | Nicotiana tabacum |
| R141F | site-directed mutagenesis, inactive mutant, unable to bind the cofactor FAD | Nicotiana tabacum |
| R141K | site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows reduced activity and activation by thiamine diphosphate compared to the wild-type enzyme, the mutant is partially resistant to herbicides, e.g. Londax, Cadre, and/or TP | Nicotiana tabacum |
| R372F | site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows reduced activity compared to the wild-type enzyme, the mutant is partially resistant to herbicides, e.g. Londax, Cadre, and/or TP | Nicotiana tabacum |
| R372K | site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows reduced activity and activation by FAD compared to the wild-type enzyme, the mutant is partially resistant to herbicides, e.g. Londax, Cadre, and/or TP | Nicotiana tabacum |
| R376F | site-directed mutagenesis, inactive mutant, unable to bind the cofactor FAD | Nicotiana tabacum |
| R376K | site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows reduced activity and activation by FAD compared to the wild-type enzyme, the mutant is partially resistant to herbicides, e.g. Londax, Cadre, and/or TP | Nicotiana tabacum |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cadre | an imidazole herbicide, wild-type enzyme IC50: 0.0041 mM | Nicotiana tabacum |  |
| Londax | a sulfonylurea herbicide, wild-type enzyme IC50: 0.013 mM | Nicotiana tabacum | |
| additional information | IC50 values of herbicides with mutant enzymes, overview | Nicotiana tabacum | |
| [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-2-sulfonamide | a triazolopyrimidine derivative herbicide, wild-type enzyme IC50: 0.0293 mM | Nicotiana tabacum | |
KM Value [mM]
| KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | - |
additional information | kinetics of wild-type and mutant enzymes | Nicotiana tabacum | |
| 11.7 | - |
pyruvate | pH 7.5, wild-type enzyme | Nicotiana tabacum | |
| 113.9 | - |
pyruvate | pH 7.5, mutant R141K | Nicotiana tabacum | |
| 116.8 | - |
pyruvate | pH 7.5, mutant R141F | Nicotiana tabacum | |
| 167.4 | - |
pyruvate | pH 7.5, mutant R372F | Nicotiana tabacum | |
| 337.3 | - |
pyruvate | pH 7.5, mutant R376K | Nicotiana tabacum | |
| 475.9 | - |
pyruvate | pH 7.5, mutant R372K | Nicotiana tabacum | |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mg2+ | the enzyme requires a divalent metal ion | Nicotiana tabacum | |
| Mn2+ | the enzyme requires a divalent metal ion | Nicotiana tabacum | |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pyruvate | Nicotiana tabacum | the enzyme catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of valine, leucine, and isoleucine | 2-acetolactate + CO2 | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nicotiana tabacum | - |
- |
- |
Reaction
| Reaction | Comment | Organism | Reaction ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 pyruvate = 2-acetolactate + CO2 | residues R141, R372, and R376 are located in the active site and are essential for cofactor binding and activity | Nicotiana tabacum |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pyruvate | - |
Nicotiana tabacum | 2-acetolactate + CO2 | - |
? | |
| pyruvate | the enzyme catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of valine, leucine, and isoleucine | Nicotiana tabacum | 2-acetolactate + CO2 | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| acetohydroxy acid synthase | - |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| AHAS | - |
Nicotiana tabacum |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7.5 | - |
assay at | Nicotiana tabacum |
Cofactor
| Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| FAD | - |
Nicotiana tabacum | |
| thiamine diphosphate | - |
Nicotiana tabacum | |
IC50 Value
| IC50 Value | IC50 Value Maximum | Comment | Organism | Inhibitor | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.0041 | - |
an imidazole herbicide, wild-type enzyme IC50: 0.0041 mM | Nicotiana tabacum | Cadre | |
| 0.013 | - |
a sulfonylurea herbicide, wild-type enzyme IC50: 0.013 mM | Nicotiana tabacum | Londax | |
| 0.0293 | - |
a triazolopyrimidine derivative herbicide, wild-type enzyme IC50: 0.0293 mM | Nicotiana tabacum | [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-2-sulfonamide | |
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