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Literature summary for 1.7.5.1 extracted from
- Nitrate, nitrite and nitric oxide reductases from the last universal common ancestor to modern bacterial pathogens (2016), Curr. Opin. Microbiol., 29, 1-8 .
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| gene narG | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| gene narG in the narGHI gene cluster | Escherichia coli |
| gene narG in the narGHI gene cluster | Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cytosol | - |
Escherichia coli | 5829 | - |
| cytosol | - |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 5829 | - |
| cytosol | - |
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium | 5829 | - |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fe2+ | the enzyme binds one [4Fe-4S] cluster per subunit | Escherichia coli |  |
| Fe2+ | the enzyme binds one [4Fe-4S] cluster per subunit | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | |
| Fe2+ | the enzyme binds one [4Fe-4S] cluster per subunit | Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium | |
| Molybdenum | the enzyme contains one molybdenum-bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide) cofactor per subunit | Escherichia coli | |
| Molybdenum | the enzyme contains one molybdenum-bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide) cofactor per subunit | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | |
| Molybdenum | the enzyme contains one molybdenum-bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide) cofactor per subunit | Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium | |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nitrite + ubiquinone + H2O | Escherichia coli | - |
nitrate + ubiquinol | - |
? | |
| nitrite + ubiquinone + H2O | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | - |
nitrate + ubiquinol | - |
? | |
| nitrite + ubiquinone + H2O | Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium | - |
nitrate + ubiquinol | - |
? | |
| nitrite + ubiquinone + H2O | Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv | - |
nitrate + ubiquinol | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Escherichia coli | P09152 | nitrate reductase 1 alpha subunit | - |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | P9WJQ3 | nitrate reductase alpha subunit | - |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv | P9WJQ3 | nitrate reductase alpha subunit | - |
| Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium | Q8ZP37 | nitrate reductase 1 alpha subunit | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nitrite + ubiquinone + H2O | - |
Escherichia coli | nitrate + ubiquinol | - |
? | |
| nitrite + ubiquinone + H2O | - |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis | nitrate + ubiquinol | - |
? | |
| nitrite + ubiquinone + H2O | - |
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium | nitrate + ubiquinol | - |
? | |
| nitrite + ubiquinone + H2O | - |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv | nitrate + ubiquinol | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| NarG | - |
Escherichia coli |
| NarG | - |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| NarG | - |
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium |
| nitrate reducatse A | - |
Escherichia coli |
| nitrate reducatse A | - |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| nitrate reducatse A | - |
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium |
Cofactor
| Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| flavin | a flavoprotein | Escherichia coli | |
| flavin | a flavoprotein | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | |
| flavin | a flavoprotein | Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium | |
| molybdenum bis-molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide | the enzyme binds one molybdenum-bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide), i.e. Mo-bis-MGD, cofactor per subunit | Escherichia coli | |
| molybdenum bis-molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide | the enzyme binds one molybdenum-bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide), i.e. Mo-bis-MGD, cofactor per subunit | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | |
| molybdenum bis-molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide | the enzyme binds one molybdenum-bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide), i.e. Mo-bis-MGD, cofactor per subunit | Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium | |
| NAD+ | - |
Escherichia coli | |
| NAD+ | - |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis | |
| NAD+ | - |
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium | |
| NADH | - |
Escherichia coli | |
| NADH | - |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis | |
| NADH | - |
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium | |
| ubiquinone | - |
Escherichia coli | |
| ubiquinone | - |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis | |
| ubiquinone | - |
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium | |
| [4Fe-4S] cluster | the enzyme binds one [4Fe-4S] cluster per subunit | Escherichia coli | |
| [4Fe-4S] cluster | the enzyme binds one [4Fe-4S] cluster per subunit | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | |
| [4Fe-4S] cluster | the enzyme binds one [4Fe-4S] cluster per subunit | Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium | |
Expression
| Organism | Comment | Expression |
|---|---|---|
| Escherichia coli | nitrate reductase A is synthesized optimally at NO3- concentrations of 10 mM or above | up |
| Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium | nitrate reductase A is synthesized optimally at NO3- concentrations of 10 mM or above | up |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| metabolism | nitrate enters the periplasm through porins where it is reduced to nitrite by the periplasmic nitrate reductase (Nap) or it is further transported into the bacterial cytosol by NarK and serves as an electron acceptor for nitrate reductase A (NarG). Periplasmic nitrite is further converted to NH3 by the periplasmic nitrite reductase (Nrf). Electrons required for these reactions can be transferred to the quinone (Q) pool by NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Nuo) in a reaction coupled to energy-conserving proton translocation | Escherichia coli |
| metabolism | nitrate enters the periplasm through porins where it is reduced to nitrite by the periplasmic nitrate reductase (Nap) or it is further transported into the bacterial cytosol by NarK and serves as an electron acceptor for nitrate reductase A (NarG). Periplasmic nitrite is further converted to NH3 by the periplasmic nitrite reductase (Nrf). Electrons required for these reactions can be transferred to the quinone (Q) pool by NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Nuo) in a reaction coupled to energy-conserving proton translocation | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| metabolism | nitrate enters the periplasm through porins where it is reduced to nitrite by the periplasmic nitrate reductase (Nap) or it is further transported into the bacterial cytosol by NarK and serves as an electron acceptor for nitrate reductase A (NarG). Periplasmic nitrite is further converted to NH3 by the periplasmic nitrite reductase (Nrf). Electrons required for these reactions can be transferred to the quinone (Q) pool by NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Nuo) in a reaction coupled to energy-conserving proton translocation | Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium |
| physiological function | the NO2- that arises from human host-derived NO3- through the enzymatic activity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis enzyme NarG inhibits bacterial growth, enhances ATP synthesis, and regulates the expression of 120 genes associated with adaptation to acid, hypoxia, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and iron deprivation. Enzyme NarG can promote growth of this intracellular pathogen in NO-producing human macrophages. Importance of NO3-/NO2- reduction in the pathogenesis. Bis-molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide, the cofactor of nitrate reductase, is required for the persistence of intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis in guinea pigs. The enzymatic activity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis NarG inhibits bacterial growth | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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