Literature summary for 1.6.1.4 extracted from

Lubner, C.E.; Jennings, D.P.; Mulder, D.W.; Schut, G.J.; Zadvornyy, O.A.; Hoben, J.P.; Tokmina-Lukaszewska, M.; Berry, L.; Nguyen, D.M.; Lipscomb, G.L.; Bothner, B.; Jones, A.K.; Miller, A.F.; King, P.W.; Adams, M.W.W.; Peters, J.W.
Mechanistic insights into energy conservation by flavin-based electron bifurcation (2017), Nat. Chem. Biol., 13, 655-659 .

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Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment)	Organism
-	Pyrococcus furiosus

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Pyrococcus furiosus	Q8U195 and Q8U194	Q8U195: subunit alpha, Q8U194: subunit beta	-

Purification (Commentary)

Purification (Comment)	Organism
-	Pyrococcus furiosus

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
NAD+ + 2 NADPH + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster	reduction of both NAD+ and Fd by Nfn enzymes is coupled to the bifurcation of electrons from NADPH oxidation. The exergonic coupling of the NADP(H) and NAD(H) half reactions in Nfn is presumed to be mediated by NADPH oxidation at L-FAD followed by electron transfer to the proximal [2Fe-2S] cluster and subsequently the NAD(H) binding site at S-FAD. Biophysical analysis of the enzyme provides the first direct insight into the mechanism of flavin-based electron bifurcation and the requisite structural features	Pyrococcus furiosus	NADH + H+ + 2 NADP+ + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster	-	?

Subunits

Subunits	Comment	Organism
heterodimer	1 * 31000 + 1 * 53000, SDS-PAGE	Pyrococcus furiosus

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
NfnI	-	Pyrococcus furiosus

Cofactor

Cofactor	Comment	Organism	Structure
FAD	the 31000 Da subunit contains one FAD (S-FAD) and a [2Fe-2S] cluster with an unusual Asp ligand. The 53000 Da subunit contains one FAD (L-FAD), which is the site of electron bifurcation, and two [4Fe-4S] clusters. The L-FAD proximal [4Fe-4S] cluster coordination includes an unusual Glu ligand. S-FAD and L-FAD bind NADH and NADPH, respectively	Pyrococcus furiosus
[2Fe-2S]-center	the 31000 Da subunit contains one FAD (S-FAD) and a [2Fe-2S] cluster. The [2Fe-2S] cluster is unusual, with a relatively high (positive) reduction potential and coordination by one Asp and three Cys ligands	Pyrococcus furiosus
[4Fe-4S]-center	the 53000 Da subunit contains one FAD (L-FAD), which is the site of electron bifurcation, and two [4Fe-4S] clusters	Pyrococcus furiosus

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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)