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Literature summary for 1.5.1.25 extracted from

  • Hallen, A.; Cooper, A.J.; Smith, J.R.; Jamie, J.F.; Karuso, P.
    Ketimine reductase/CRYM catalyzes reductive alkylamination of alpha-keto acids, confirming its function as an imine reductase (2015), Amino Acids, 47, 2457-2461 .
    View publication on PubMed

Inhibitors

Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
3,5,3'-triiodothyronine the enzyme shows strong binding to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), the active form of thyroxine Homo sapiens

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Homo sapiens Q14894
-
-

Reaction

Reaction Comment Organism Reaction ID
thiomorpholine 3-carboxylate + NAD(P)+ = 3,4-dehydro-thiomorpholine-3-carboxylate + NAD(P)H + H+ the enzyme binds 2-oxo acids, such as pyruvate, in solution, and catalyzes the formation of N-alkyl-amino acids from alkylamines and 2-oxo acids via reduction of imine intermediates. Mechanistically, ketimine reductase/CRYM acts as a classical imine reductase Homo sapiens

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
DELTA1-piperideine 2-carboxylate + NADPH + H+
-
Homo sapiens L-pipecolate + NADP+
-
?
glyocylate + methylamine + NADPH + H+
-
Homo sapiens sarcosine + NADP+
-
?
additional information human ketimine reductase/CRYM can utilize alkylamines (such as methylamine and ethylamine) and 2-oxo acids (such as pyruvate and phenylpyruvate) as enzyme substrates. Analysis of reaction intermediates, overview. Mammalian ketimine reductase reaction is known to be enantiospecific and only the L-enantiomer product is formed in vivo. A ketimine reductase/CRYM-catalyzed reaction at neutral pH in the reverse direction is not determined Homo sapiens ?
-
?
phenylpyruvate + methylamine + NADPH + H+
-
Homo sapiens N-methyl-L-phenylalanine + NADP+
-
?
pyruvate + ethylamine + NADPH + H+
-
Homo sapiens N-ethyl-L-alanine + NADP+
-
?
pyruvate + methylamine + NADPH + H+
-
Homo sapiens N-methyl-L-alanine + NADP+
-
?
pyruvate + NH3 + NADPH + H+
-
Homo sapiens L-alanine + NADP+
-
?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
CRYM
-
Homo sapiens
ketimine reductase
-
Homo sapiens
mu-crystallin
-
Homo sapiens

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
37
-
assay at Homo sapiens

pH Optimum

pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
7.2
-
assay at Homo sapiens

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
NADPH
-
Homo sapiens

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
physiological function the enzyme is the main cytosolic thyroid hormone binding protein and shows strong binding to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), the active form of thyroxine. Ketimine reductase/CRYM substrate levels and T3 bioavailability are reciprocally linked. Human ketimine reductase/CRYM catalyzes reduction of non-cyclic imines. Since a ketimine reductase/CRYM-catalyzed reaction at neutral pH in the reverse direction cannot be demonstrated, ketimine reductase/CRYM-catalyzed reductive amination/alkylamination of 2-oxo acids (or oxidation of L-amino acids/N-alkyl-L-amino acids) is not likely to be of physiological importance in mammals in vivo Homo sapiens