Literature summary for 1.4.1.14 extracted from

Hayakawa, T.; Hopkins, L.; Peat, L.J.; Yamaya, T.; Tobin, A.K.
Quantitative intercellular localization of NADH-dependent glutamate synthase protein in different types of root cells in rice plants (1999), Plant Physiol., 119, 409-416.

Search for more literature for 1.4.1.14

Activating Compound

Activating Compound	Comment	Organism	Structure
additional information	supply of NH4+ at low concentrations increases the expression of the enzyme: supply with 1 mM NH4+ for 24 h increases the enzyme content in the epidermis and exodermis of the root surface	Oryza sativa

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment)	Organism
full-length cDNA clone and genomic clone for NADH-GOGAT gene	Oryza sativa

Localization

Localization	Comment	Organism	GeneOntology No.	Textmining
plastid	exclusively plastidial location, various forms of plastids in cells of epidermis and exodermis, in the cortex parenchyma and vascular parenchyma of root tips, epidermis and exodermis cells contain more plastids and much higher enzyme concentration than other root cells	Oryza sativa	9536	-

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.	Reac.
L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADH	Oryza sativa	assimilation of exogeneously supplied NH4+ is primarily via the cytosolic glutamine synthetase/plastidial NADH-GOGAT cycle in specific regions of the epidermis and exodermis in roots	glutamate + NAD+	one of the two synthezised glutamate molecules can be cycled back as substrate for glutamine synthetase reaction and the other can be used for many synthetic reactions	ir
L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADH	Oryza sativa	important role in the generation of glutamate for the assimilation of ammonium ions via the glutamine synthetase reaction in the epidermis and exodermis of the root surface, role in the re-utilization of glutamine transported from phloem and xylem in young leaves and grains at the early stage of ripening of rice plants	glutamate + NAD+	one of the two synthezised glutamate molecules can be cycled back as substrate for glutamine synthetase reaction and the other can be used for many synthetic reactions	ir

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Oryza sativa	-	-	-

Posttranslational Modification

Posttranslational Modification	Comment	Organism
proteolytic modification	translational gene product has a 99 amino acid presequence at the N-terminal region	Oryza sativa

Source Tissue

Source Tissue	Comment	Organism	Textmining
root tip	shorter than 10 mm, supply with 1 mM ammonium ions for 24 h increases the enzyme content in the epidermis and exodermis cells of the root surface	Oryza sativa	-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADH	-	Oryza sativa	L-glutamate + NAD+	-	?
L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADH	assimilation of exogeneously supplied NH4+ is primarily via the cytosolic glutamine synthetase/plastidial NADH-GOGAT cycle in specific regions of the epidermis and exodermis in roots	Oryza sativa	glutamate + NAD+	one of the two synthezised glutamate molecules can be cycled back as substrate for glutamine synthetase reaction and the other can be used for many synthetic reactions	ir
L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADH	important role in the generation of glutamate for the assimilation of ammonium ions via the glutamine synthetase reaction in the epidermis and exodermis of the root surface, role in the re-utilization of glutamine transported from phloem and xylem in young leaves and grains at the early stage of ripening of rice plants	Oryza sativa	glutamate + NAD+	one of the two synthezised glutamate molecules can be cycled back as substrate for glutamine synthetase reaction and the other can be used for many synthetic reactions	ir

Cofactor

Cofactor	Comment	Organism	Structure
NADH	-	Oryza sativa

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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)