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Literature summary for 1.17.1.4 extracted from

  • Okamoto, K.; Kawaguchi, Y.; Eger, B.; Pai, E.; Nishino, T.
    Crystal structures of urate bound form of xanthine oxidoreductase: Substrate orientation and structure of the key reaction intermediate (2010), J. Am. Chem. Soc., 132, 17080-17083.
    View publication on PubMed

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
expression of enzyme mutant D428A in Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells via the baculovirus transfection system in mostly the demolybdo-form Rattus norvegicus

Crystallization (Commentary)

Crystallization (Comment) Organism
highly active bovine XOR in its XDH form is soaked in a large excess of NADH under strictly anaerobic conditions in order to reduce both FAD cofactor and iron sulfur centers and to block any electron transfer from the Mo center. The Mo ions in the crystal are fully reduced by soaking in 4 mM titanium citrate solution followed by 0.25 mM urate, crystal structure determination and analysis, superimposition, modelling Bos taurus
XOR complexed with the artificial substrate 4-[5-pyridine-4-yl-1H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]pyridine-2-carbonitril, FYX-051, crystal structure analysis. Urate complexes of the purified recombinant demolybdo-form of mutant D428A, X-ray diffraction structure determination and analysis at 1.7 A resolution Rattus norvegicus

Metals/Ions

Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
Iron two [2Fe-2S] centers Bos taurus
Iron two [2Fe-2S] centers Rattus norvegicus
Molybdenum XOR is a molybdenum-containing enzyme, cofactor geometry, overview Bos taurus
Molybdenum XOR is a molybdenum-containing enzyme, cofactor geometry, overview Rattus norvegicus

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
hypoxanthine + 2 NAD+ + 2 H2O Bos taurus
-
urate + 2 NADH + 2 H+
-
?
hypoxanthine + 2 NAD+ + 2 H2O Rattus norvegicus
-
urate + 2 NADH + 2 H+
-
?
xanthine + NAD+ + H2O Bos taurus catalytically relevant binding mode of the substrate xanthine, overview urate + NADH + H+
-
?
xanthine + NAD+ + H2O Rattus norvegicus catalytically relevant binding mode of the substrate xanthine, overview urate + NADH + H+
-
?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Bos taurus
-
-
-
Rattus norvegicus P22985 cf. EC 1.17.3.2
-

Purification (Commentary)

Purification (Comment) Organism
highly active bovine XOR in its XDH form is prepared by folate affinity chromatography Bos taurus

Reaction

Reaction Comment Organism Reaction ID
xanthine + NAD+ + H2O = urate + NADH + H+ reaction mechanism of XOR and binding modes of the substrate xanthine, overview. The oxidative hydroxylation of purine substrates takes place at the molybdenum center. Reducing equivalents introduced there are then transferred via two [2Fe-2S] centers to the FAD cofactor where reduction of the physiological electron acceptors occurs, NAD+ in the case of the dehydrogenase form, XDH, or O2 in the oxidase form, XO, of the enzyme occur Bos taurus
xanthine + NAD+ + H2O = urate + NADH + H+ reaction mechanism of XOR and binding modes of the substrate xanthine, overview. The oxidative hydroxylation of purine substrates takes place at the molybdenum center. Reducing equivalents introduced there are then transferred via two [2Fe-2S] centers to the FAD cofactor where reduction of the physiological electron acceptors occurs, NAD+ in the case of the dehydrogenase form, XDH, or O2 in the oxidase form, XO, of the enzyme occur Rattus norvegicus

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
milk
-
Bos taurus
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
hypoxanthine + 2 NAD+ + 2 H2O
-
Bos taurus urate + 2 NADH + 2 H+
-
?
hypoxanthine + 2 NAD+ + 2 H2O
-
Rattus norvegicus urate + 2 NADH + 2 H+
-
?
xanthine + NAD+ + H2O catalytically relevant binding mode of the substrate xanthine, overview Bos taurus urate + NADH + H+
-
?
xanthine + NAD+ + H2O catalytically relevant binding mode of the substrate xanthine, overview Rattus norvegicus urate + NADH + H+
-
?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
More XOR can adopt its XOR xanthine oxidoreductase form EC 1.17.3.2, and its xanthine dehydrogenase form, XDH, EC 1.17.1.4 Bos taurus
More XOR can adopt its XOR xanthine oxidoreductase form EC 1.17.3.2, and its xanthine dehydrogenase form, XDH, EC 1.17.1.4 Rattus norvegicus
XDH
-
Bos taurus
XDH
-
Rattus norvegicus
XOR
-
Bos taurus
XOR
-
Rattus norvegicus

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
FAD
-
Bos taurus
FAD role of Asp428 in the FAD reactivity, overview Rattus norvegicus
molybdenum cofactor cofactor geometry, overview Bos taurus
molybdopterin cofactor geometry, overview Rattus norvegicus
additional information cofactor conformation, binding structure analysis and mechanism, overview Bos taurus
additional information cofactor conformation, binding structure analysis and mechanism, overview Rattus norvegicus
NAD+
-
Bos taurus
NAD+
-
Rattus norvegicus

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
additional information XOR can adopt its XOR xanthine oxidoreductase form EC 1.17.3.2, and its xanthine dehydrogenase form, XDH, EC 1.17.1.4 Bos taurus
additional information XOR can adopt its XOR xanthine oxidoreductase form EC 1.17.3.2, and its xanthine dehydrogenase form, XDH, EC 1.17.1.4 Rattus norvegicus