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Literature summary for 1.17.1.4 extracted from

  • Hunt, J.; Massey, V.
    Purification and properties of milk xanthine dehydrogenase (1992), J. Biol. Chem., 267, 21479-21485.
    View publication on PubMed

Activating Compound

Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
4,4'-dithiodipyridine reverses conversion of dehydrogenase to oxidase form Bos taurus
DTT recovery from oxidase to dehydrogenase type Bos taurus

Inhibitors

Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
GSH 45% of the oxidase activity converted to dehydrogenase activity at 10 mM Bos taurus
GSSG 75% of the dehydrogenase activity converted to oxidase activity at 0.5 mM Bos taurus
NADH partial reduction of dehydrogenase activity under anaeroboic conditions, oxidase activity more slowly reduced Bos taurus

KM Value [mM]

KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
0.0003
-
xanthine electron acceptor: NAD+ Bos taurus
0.0067
-
NAD+ electron donor: xanthine Bos taurus
0.012
-
xanthine electron acceptor: oxygen Bos taurus

Metals/Ions

Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
Iron-sulfur-center 2 Fe2-S2-clusters Bos taurus

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
xanthine + NAD+ + H2O Bos taurus xanthine dehydrogenase form has distinct xanthine/oxygen activity, 35-42% of electrons transferred to O2 to form O2- urate + NADH
-
?
xanthine + O2 + H2O Bos taurus xanthine oxidase form transfers 22% electrons to oxygen to form superoxide urate + O2- + 2 H+
-
?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Bos taurus
-
-
-

Purification (Commentary)

Purification (Comment) Organism
to homogeneity, presence of DTT required for purification of the dehydrogenase form Bos taurus

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
milk
-
Bos taurus
-

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] Comment Organism
0.16
-
xanthine oxidase activity Bos taurus
1.56
-
xanthine dehydrogenase activity Bos taurus

Storage Stability

Storage Stability Organism
-70°C, 0.1 M sodium diphosphate, 0.3 mM EDTA, pH 7.5, 1 mM salicylate, 2.5 mM DTT, 3 months Bos taurus

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
xanthine + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol + H2O
-
Bos taurus urate + ?
-
?
xanthine + NAD+ + H2O xanthine dehydrogenase form has distinct xanthine/oxygen activity, 35-42% of electrons transferred to O2 to form O2- Bos taurus urate + NADH
-
?
xanthine + O2 + H2O xanthine oxidase form transfers 22% electrons to oxygen to form superoxide Bos taurus urate + O2- + 2 H+
-
?

Turnover Number [1/s]

Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
6.33
-
xanthine electron acceptor: NAD+ Bos taurus
15
-
xanthine electron acceptor: oxygen Bos taurus

pH Stability

pH Stability pH Stability Maximum Comment Organism
7.5
-
stable at 4°C, one day, absence of DTT Bos taurus
8.5
-
4°C, absence of DTT, marked decrease of activity within hours Bos taurus

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
FAD deflavo-enzyme completely loses xanthine/NAD+ activity, no loss of xanthine/2,6-dichorophenolindophenol activity, xanthine dehydrogenase form stabilizes the neutral form of flavin, xanthine oxidase form does not Bos taurus
additional information
-
Bos taurus
NAD+
-
Bos taurus