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Literature summary for 1.17.1.3 extracted from

  • Liu, C.; Wang, X.; Shulaev, V.; Dixon, R.A.
    A role for leucoanthocyanidin reductase in the extension of proanthocyanidins (2016), Nat. Plants, 2, 16182 .
    View publication on PubMed
Search for more literature for 1.17.1.3

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
gene lar, overexpression of the enzyme in Medicago truncatula hairy roots, conversion of 4beta-(S-cysteinyl)-epicatechin to epicatechin by recombinant LAR Medicago truncatula

Protein Variants

Protein Variants Comment Organism
K143G no activity with authentic 4beta-(S-cysteinyl)-epicatechin with recombinant mutant LAR Medicago truncatula
additional information a lar-1/anr-1 double mutant displays darkred colour resulting from redirected metabolic flow from anthocyanidin to anthocyanin Medicago truncatula

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+ Medicago truncatula
-
 (2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
 ?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+ Medicago truncatula ecotype R108
-
 (2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
 ?
4beta-(S-cysteinyl)-epicatechin + NADPH + H+ Medicago truncatula enzyme LAR generates epicatechin from epicatechin-cysteine conjugate in an NADPH-dependent manner in hairy roots. 4beta-(S-Cysteinyl)-epicatechin provides the extension unit during procyanidin polymerization epicatechin + cysteine + NADP+
-
 ?
4beta-(S-cysteinyl)-epicatechin + NADPH + H+ Medicago truncatula ecotype R108 enzyme LAR generates epicatechin from epicatechin-cysteine conjugate in an NADPH-dependent manner in hairy roots. 4beta-(S-Cysteinyl)-epicatechin provides the extension unit during procyanidin polymerization epicatechin + cysteine + NADP+
-
 ?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Medicago truncatula Q3KN75
-
-
Medicago truncatula ecotype R108 Q3KN75
-
-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
seed coat
-
 Medicago truncatula
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+
-
 Medicago truncatula (2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
 ?
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+
-
 Medicago truncatula ecotype R108 (2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O
-
 ?
4beta-(S-cysteinyl)-epicatechin + NADPH + H+ enzyme LAR generates epicatechin from epicatechin-cysteine conjugate in an NADPH-dependent manner in hairy roots. 4beta-(S-Cysteinyl)-epicatechin provides the extension unit during procyanidin polymerization Medicago truncatula epicatechin + cysteine + NADP+
-
 ?
4beta-(S-cysteinyl)-epicatechin + NADPH + H+ enzyme LAR generates epicatechin from epicatechin-cysteine conjugate in an NADPH-dependent manner Medicago truncatula epicatechin + cysteine + NADP+
-
 ?
4beta-(S-cysteinyl)-epicatechin + NADPH + H+ enzyme LAR generates epicatechin from epicatechin-cysteine conjugate in an NADPH-dependent manner in hairy roots. 4beta-(S-Cysteinyl)-epicatechin provides the extension unit during procyanidin polymerization Medicago truncatula ecotype R108 epicatechin + cysteine + NADP+
-
 ?
4beta-(S-cysteinyl)-epicatechin + NADPH + H+ enzyme LAR generates epicatechin from epicatechin-cysteine conjugate in an NADPH-dependent manner Medicago truncatula ecotype R108 epicatechin + cysteine + NADP+
-
 ?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
LAR
-
 Medicago truncatula
MtLAR
-
 Medicago truncatula

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
22
-
 assay at room temperature Medicago truncatula

pH Optimum

pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
7
-
 assay at Medicago truncatula

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
NADPH
-
 Medicago truncatula

Expression

Organism Comment Expression
Medicago truncatula overexpression of the myeloblastosis (MYB)14 or MYB5 transcription factors induces proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in hairy roots, LAR is induced in MYB5 overexpressing hairy roots up

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
metabolism flavan-3-ols are synthesized through the flavonoid pathway via leucoanthocyanidin and anthocyanidin. Leucoanthocyanidin can be converted to (+)-flavan-3-ol, e.g. (+)-catechin, by leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR) or to anthocyanidin by anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) Medicago truncatula
additional information molecular modelling and molecular docking of epicatechin-cysteine to MtLAR, based on the crystal structure of Vitis vinifera LAR Medicago truncatula
physiological function role for leucoanthocyanidin reductase in the extension of proanthocyanidins. Monomeric flavan-3-ols do not dimerize in autopolymerization assays, whereas procyanidin B2 oligomerizes, either alone or with monomeric flavan-3-ols, suggesting that formation of epicatechin carbocation is a crucial step for proanthocyanidin assembly Medicago truncatula