Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
expression in Escherichia coli | Paracoccus sp. N81106 |
Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
D117A | expression of a mutant carrying D117A results in the accumulation of echinenone as the predominant carotenoid. Partial inactivation of the CrtW ketolase leads to the production of the monoketolated intermediate | Paracoccus sp. N81106 |
F118A | Escherichia coli cells expressing the partially active mutant enzyme accumulate adonixanthin as the dominant intermediate and produce less than 30% astaxanthin. When the mutant enzyme is expressed in the host harboring the beta-carotene biosynthetic cluster, the final product, canthaxanthin, is the predominant pigment | Paracoccus sp. N81106 |
F176A | Escherichia coli cells expressing the partially active mutant enzyme accumulate adonixanthin as the dominant intermediate and produce less than 30% astaxanthin. When the mutant enzyme is expressed in the host harboring the beta-carotene biosynthetic cluster, the final product, canthaxanthin, is the predominant pigment | Paracoccus sp. N81106 |
H103A | strains expressing the mutation do not produce ketolated products | Paracoccus sp. N81106 |
H106A | strains expressing the mutation do not produce ketolated products | Paracoccus sp. N81106 |
H107A | strains expressing the mutation do not produce ketolated products | Paracoccus sp. N81106 |
H218A | partially active mutant accumulates adonixanthin as the dominant intermediate, producing very little astaxanthin. A significant amount of echinenone is also observed when it is expressed in the host harboring only the beta-carotene biosynthetic gene cluster. Both adonixanthin and echinenone are monoketolated carotenoid products | Paracoccus sp. N81106 |
H219A | partially active mutant accumulates adonixanthin as the dominant intermediate, producing very little astaxanthin. A significant amount of echinenone is also observed when it is expressed in the host harboring only the beta-carotene biosynthetic gene cluster. Both adonixanthin and echinenone are monoketolated carotenoid products | Paracoccus sp. N81106 |
H219A | the enzyme is partially active in cells containing the zeaxanthin gene cluster. In cells expressing the beta-carotene gene cluster, the activity is similar to that of the wild type based on the amount of canthaxanthin produced. H219 may not play a significant role in iron coordination, but it can have an impact on substrate utilization | Paracoccus sp. N81106 |
H221A | strains expressing the mutation do not produce ketolated products | Paracoccus sp. N81106 |
H222A | strains expressing the mutation do not produce ketolated products | Paracoccus sp. N81106 |
H65A | partially active mutant accumulates adonixanthin as the dominant intermediate, producing very little astaxanthin. A significant amount of echinenone is also observed when it is expressed in the host harboring only the beta-carotene biosynthetic gene cluster. Both adonixanthin and echinenone are monoketolated carotenoid products | Paracoccus sp. N81106 |
H69A | mutant retains partial activity | Paracoccus sp. N81106 |
L175M | mutant enzyme with improved activity | Paracoccus sp. N81106 |
L175M | up to 78% of the total carotenoid is in the form of astaxanthin and the level of the adonixanthin intermediate is lowered to 5% | Paracoccus sp. N81106 |
L232A | Escherichia coli cells expressing the partially active mutant enzyme accumulate adonixanthin as the dominant intermediate and produce less than 30% astaxanthin. When the mutant enzyme is expressed in the host harboring the beta-carotene biosynthetic cluster, the final product, canthaxanthin, is the predominant pigment | Paracoccus sp. N81106 |
M99I | increase in astaxanthin production and a reduction in adonixanthin accumulation | Paracoccus sp. N81106 |
M99I | mutant enzyme with improved activity | Paracoccus sp. N81106 |
M99V | increase in astaxanthin production and a reduction in adonixanthin accumulation | Paracoccus sp. N81106 |
M99V | mutant enzyme with improved activity | Paracoccus sp. N81106 |
P116A | Escherichia coli cells expressing the partially active mutant enzyme accumulate adonixanthin as the dominant intermediate and produce less than 30% astaxanthin. When the mutant enzyme is expressed in the host harboring the beta-carotene biosynthetic cluster, the final product, canthaxanthin, is the predominant pigment | Paracoccus sp. N81106 |
W126A | Escherichia coli cells expressing the partially active mutant enzyme accumulate adonixanthin as the dominant intermediate and produce less than 30% astaxanthin. When the mutant enzyme is expressed in the host harboring the beta-carotene biosynthetic cluster, the final product, canthaxanthin, is the predominant pigment | Paracoccus sp. N81106 |
W229A | Escherichia coli cells expressing the partially active mutant enzyme accumulate adonixanthin as the dominant intermediate and produce less than 30% astaxanthin. When the mutant enzyme is expressed in the host harboring the beta-carotene biosynthetic cluster, the final product, canthaxanthin, is the predominant pigment | Paracoccus sp. N81106 |
Y134A | Escherichia coli cells expressing the partially active mutant enzyme accumulate adonixanthin as the dominant intermediate and produce less than 30% astaxanthin. When the mutant enzyme is expressed in the host harboring the beta-carotene biosynthetic cluster, the final product, canthaxanthin, is the predominant pigment | Paracoccus sp. N81106 |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Paracoccus sp. N81106 | P54972 | - |
- |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
beta-carotene + 2 reduced acceptor + 2 O2 | - |
Paracoccus sp. N81106 | echinenone + 2 acceptor + 3 H2O | - |
? | |
echinenone + 2 reduced acceptor + 2 O2 | - |
Paracoccus sp. N81106 | canthaxanthin + 2 acceptor + 3 H2O | - |
? |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
CrtW ketolase | - |
Paracoccus sp. N81106 |