Literature summary for 1.14.16.2 extracted from

Alerte, T.N.; Akinfolarin, A.A.; Friedrich, E.E.; Mader, S.A.; Hong, C.S.; Perez, R.G.
Alpha-synuclein aggregation alters tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation and immunoreactivity: lessons from viral transduction of knockout mice (2008), Neurosci. Lett., 435, 24-29.

Search for more literature for 1.14.16.2

Activating Compound

Activating Compound	Comment	Organism	Structure
additional information	phosphorylation at Ser40 in the regulatory domain activates the enzyme, the activation is inhibited by alpha-synuclein	Mus musculus

Application

Application	Comment	Organism
diagnostics	tyrosine hydroxylase is frequently used as a marker of dopaminergic neuronal loss in animal models of Parkinsons disease	Mus musculus

Protein Variants

Protein Variants	Comment	Organism
additional information	reduction of high-level tyrosine hydroxylase dopaminergic alpha-Syn-deficient cells by infection with wild-type alpha-Syn human lentivirus, overview	Mus musculus

Inhibitors

Inhibitors	Comment	Organism	Structure
additional information	alpha-synuclein inhibits the enzyme by inhibiting enzyme phosphorylation at Ser40 in the regulatory domain, aggregated alpha-Syn is no longer able to inhibit tyrosine hydroxylase, overview	Mus musculus

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.	Reac.
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2	Mus musculus	tyrosine hydroxylase is the rate limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis, and is involved in Parkinson's disease, enzyme inhibition by alpha-synuclein causes the dopaminergic phenotype, overview	3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O	-	?

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Mus musculus	-	male ASKO mice, strain B6:129X1-Snca	-

Posttranslational Modification

Posttranslational Modification	Comment	Organism
phosphoprotein	short term regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase depends on the phosphorylation of seryl residues, Ser19, Ser31, and Ser40, in the TH regulatory domain, activating phosphorylation at Ser40 is inhibited by alpha-synuclein	Mus musculus

Source Tissue

Source Tissue	Comment	Organism	Textmining
brain	-	Mus musculus	-
additional information	immunohistochemic enzyme analysis in brain slices, overview	Mus musculus	-
olfactory bulb	-	Mus musculus	-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2	-	Mus musculus	3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O	-	?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2	tyrosine hydroxylase is the rate limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis, and is involved in Parkinson's disease, enzyme inhibition by alpha-synuclein causes the dopaminergic phenotype, overview	Mus musculus	3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O	-	?

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
tyrosine hydroxylase	-	Mus musculus

Cofactor

Cofactor	Comment	Organism	Structure
tetrahydrobiopterin	-	Mus musculus

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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)