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Literature summary for 1.1.1.67 extracted from

  • Koko, M.Y.F.; Mu, W.; Hassanin, H.A.M.; Zhang, S.; Lu, H.; Mohammed, J.K.; Hussain, M.; Baokun, Q.; Yang, L.
    Archaeal hyperthermostable mannitol dehydrogenases A promising industrial enzymes for d-mannitol synthesis (2020), Food Res. Int., 137, 109638 .
    View publication on PubMed

Application

Application Comment Organism
industry the enzyme synthesizes D-mannitol is commonly known as a sweetener in food manufacturing such as juices, soft drinks, cakes, and sweet cookies, moreover, other processing including alternative sugar for diabetic patients, cosmetics, personal hygiene products, and laxative. D-mannitol is 50% as sweet as sucrose Thermotoga maritima
synthesis the enzyme might be useful for enzymatic D-mannitol production in an industrial scale. The purified mannitol dehydrogenase have been reported to produce D-mannitol with no sorbitol formation at temperatures of 90-120°C. The pathway for D-mannitol production using MtDH isolated from Thermotoga maritima involves production from glucose via Thermotoga neapolitana xylose isomerase (gene xylA, UniProt ID P45687) followed by the conversion of the formed D-fructose using Thermotoga maritima MtDH of enzymatic to chemical synthesis process, overview Thermotoga maritima
synthesis the enzyme might be useful for enzymatic D-mannitol production in an industrial scale. The purified mannitol dehydrogenase have been reported to produce D-mannitol with no sorbitol formation at temperatures of 90-120°C. The pathway for D-mannitol production using MtDH isolated from Thermotoga neapolitana is via D-fructose in a single step procedure. Comparison of enzymatic to chemical synthesis process, overview Thermotoga neapolitana

Inhibitors

Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
EDTA reversible inhibition Thermotoga maritima
EDTA reversible inhibition Thermotoga neapolitana

KM Value [mM]

KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
0.037
-
D-fructose pH 6.1, 60°C Thermotoga maritima
0.048
-
D-fructose pH 6.1, 80°C Thermotoga maritima
20
-
D-fructose pH 6.5, 90°C Thermotoga neapolitana

Metals/Ions

Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
Co2+ addition of Co2+ restores activity of the zinc-dependent enzyme after inhibition by EDTA Thermotoga neapolitana
additional information the Cys91, Cys94, Cys97, and Cys105 residues at the enzyme active site are either bare or have non-functional metal binding. Thermotoga maritima MtDH activity is restored after EDTA treatment by the addition of Co2+ better than Zn2+ Thermotoga neapolitana
Zn2+ required Thermotoga maritima
Zn2+ required, MtDH contains a single Zn2+ atom, and no additional metals have been found in this enzyme Thermotoga neapolitana

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
D-fructose + NADH + H+ Thermotoga neapolitana
-
D-mannitol + NAD+
-
r
D-fructose + NADH + H+ Thermotoga maritima
-
D-mannitol + NAD+
-
r
D-fructose + NADH + H+ Thermotoga maritima DSM 3109
-
D-mannitol + NAD+
-
r
D-fructose + NADH + H+ Thermotoga maritima NBRC 100826
-
D-mannitol + NAD+
-
r
D-fructose + NADH + H+ Thermotoga maritima ATCC 43589
-
D-mannitol + NAD+
-
r
D-fructose + NADH + H+ Thermotoga maritima JCM 10099
-
D-mannitol + NAD+
-
r

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Thermotoga maritima Q9WYD4
-
-
Thermotoga maritima ATCC 43589 Q9WYD4
-
-
Thermotoga maritima DSM 3109 Q9WYD4
-
-
Thermotoga maritima JCM 10099 Q9WYD4
-
-
Thermotoga maritima NBRC 100826 Q9WYD4
-
-
Thermotoga neapolitana
-
-
-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
additional information optimal growth temperature is 50-95°C Thermotoga neapolitana
-
additional information optimal growth temperature is 80-105°C Thermotoga maritima
-

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] Comment Organism
additional information
-
significant yield of D-mannitol (approximately 40%) from 1% w/v D-fructose by Thermotoga neapolitana MtDH Thermotoga neapolitana

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
D-fructose + NADH + H+
-
Thermotoga neapolitana D-mannitol + NAD+
-
r
D-fructose + NADH + H+
-
Thermotoga maritima D-mannitol + NAD+
-
r
D-fructose + NADH + H+ the Thermotoga maritima MtDH pathway produces D-mannitol from glucose in two steps: first the xylose isomerase from Thermotoga neapolitana converts glucose to fructose, then MtDH converts D-fructose to D-mannitol Thermotoga maritima D-mannitol + NAD+
-
r
D-fructose + NADH + H+
-
Thermotoga maritima DSM 3109 D-mannitol + NAD+
-
r
D-fructose + NADH + H+ the Thermotoga maritima MtDH pathway produces D-mannitol from glucose in two steps: first the xylose isomerase from Thermotoga neapolitana converts glucose to fructose, then MtDH converts D-fructose to D-mannitol Thermotoga maritima DSM 3109 D-mannitol + NAD+
-
r
D-fructose + NADH + H+
-
Thermotoga maritima NBRC 100826 D-mannitol + NAD+
-
r
D-fructose + NADH + H+ the Thermotoga maritima MtDH pathway produces D-mannitol from glucose in two steps: first the xylose isomerase from Thermotoga neapolitana converts glucose to fructose, then MtDH converts D-fructose to D-mannitol Thermotoga maritima NBRC 100826 D-mannitol + NAD+
-
r
D-fructose + NADH + H+
-
Thermotoga maritima ATCC 43589 D-mannitol + NAD+
-
r
D-fructose + NADH + H+ the Thermotoga maritima MtDH pathway produces D-mannitol from glucose in two steps: first the xylose isomerase from Thermotoga neapolitana converts glucose to fructose, then MtDH converts D-fructose to D-mannitol Thermotoga maritima ATCC 43589 D-mannitol + NAD+
-
r
D-fructose + NADH + H+
-
Thermotoga maritima JCM 10099 D-mannitol + NAD+
-
r
D-fructose + NADH + H+ the Thermotoga maritima MtDH pathway produces D-mannitol from glucose in two steps: first the xylose isomerase from Thermotoga neapolitana converts glucose to fructose, then MtDH converts D-fructose to D-mannitol Thermotoga maritima JCM 10099 D-mannitol + NAD+
-
r
D-fructose + NADPH + H+ low activity Thermotoga maritima D-mannitol + NADP+
-
r
D-fructose + NADPH + H+ low activity Thermotoga maritima DSM 3109 D-mannitol + NADP+
-
r
D-fructose + NADPH + H+ low activity Thermotoga maritima NBRC 100826 D-mannitol + NADP+
-
r
D-fructose + NADPH + H+ low activity Thermotoga maritima ATCC 43589 D-mannitol + NADP+
-
r
D-fructose + NADPH + H+ low activity Thermotoga maritima JCM 10099 D-mannitol + NADP+
-
r
D-xylose + NADH + H+ 18% activity compared to D-fructose Thermotoga maritima D-xylitol + NAD+
-
r
L-sorbose + NADH + H+ 5% activity compared to D-fructose Thermotoga maritima L-sorbitol + NAD+
-
r
L-sorbose + NADH + H+ 5% activity compared to D-fructose Thermotoga maritima DSM 3109 L-sorbitol + NAD+
-
r
L-sorbose + NADH + H+ 5% activity compared to D-fructose Thermotoga maritima NBRC 100826 L-sorbitol + NAD+
-
r
L-sorbose + NADH + H+ 5% activity compared to D-fructose Thermotoga maritima ATCC 43589 L-sorbitol + NAD+
-
r
L-sorbose + NADH + H+ 5% activity compared to D-fructose Thermotoga maritima JCM 10099 L-sorbitol + NAD+
-
r
additional information No activity with glucose, arabinose, xylose, acetaldehyde, and 2-butanone Thermotoga maritima ?
-
-
additional information no activity with sorbitol, xylitol, mannose, rhamnose, and xylose. The enzyme from Thermotoga neapolitana is dependent on NADH Thermotoga neapolitana ?
-
-
additional information No activity with glucose, arabinose, xylose, acetaldehyde, and 2-butanone Thermotoga maritima DSM 3109 ?
-
-
additional information No activity with glucose, arabinose, xylose, acetaldehyde, and 2-butanone Thermotoga maritima NBRC 100826 ?
-
-
additional information No activity with glucose, arabinose, xylose, acetaldehyde, and 2-butanone Thermotoga maritima ATCC 43589 ?
-
-
additional information No activity with glucose, arabinose, xylose, acetaldehyde, and 2-butanone Thermotoga maritima JCM 10099 ?
-
-
targatose + NADH + H+ 29% activity compared to D-fructose Thermotoga maritima ? + NAD+
-
r

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
alcohol dehydrogenase, zinc-containing UniProt Thermotoga maritima
mannitol dehydrogenase
-
Thermotoga neapolitana
mannitol dehydrogenase
-
Thermotoga maritima
MtDH
-
Thermotoga neapolitana
MtDH
-
Thermotoga maritima
TM_0298
-
Thermotoga maritima

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
90
-
D-fructose reduction Thermotoga neapolitana
95
-
D-fructose reduction Thermotoga maritima

Turnover Number [1/s]

Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
1.15
-
D-fructose pH 6.1, 90°C Thermotoga maritima
9
-
D-fructose pH 6.5, 90°C Thermotoga neapolitana

pH Optimum

pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
6.1
-
D-fructose reduction Thermotoga maritima
6.5
-
D-fructose reduction Thermotoga neapolitana
8
-
D-mannitol oxidation Thermotoga neapolitana

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
additional information no activity with NADPH/NADP+ Thermotoga neapolitana
additional information Thermotoga maritima MtDH is active with both NADH and NADPH cofactors. But the enzyme catalytic efficiency for D-fructose reduction with NADH is 2.5times higher than that with NADPH, possibly because of the Glu193, Lys194, Asp195, and Glu196 sequence motif Thermotoga maritima
NAD+
-
Thermotoga neapolitana
NAD+
-
Thermotoga maritima
NADH
-
Thermotoga maritima
NADH dependent on Thermotoga neapolitana
NADP+ low activity Thermotoga maritima
NADPH low activity Thermotoga maritima

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
metabolism Thermotoga neapolitana oxidizes D-fructose directly to D-mannitol in one step Thermotoga neapolitana
additional information the enzyme synthesizes D-mannitol is commonly known as a sweetener in food manufacturing such as juices, soft drinks, cakes, and sweet cookies, moreover, other processing including alternative sugar for diabetic patients, cosmetics, personal hygiene products, and laxative. D-mannitol is 50% as sweet as sucrose Thermotoga maritima
additional information the enzyme synthesizes D-mannitol is commonly known as a sweetener in food manufacturing such as juices, soft drinks, cakes, and sweet cookies, moreover, other processing including alternative sugar for diabetic patients, cosmetics, personal hygiene products, and laxative. D-mannitol is 50% as sweet as sucrose. The residues of the catalytic domain involved in the catalytic mechanism and zinc-binding sites in Thermotoga neapolitana MtDH structure appear to relocate between different structures via cysteine in the active site. Cysteine and glycine residues are commonly conserved in most thermophilic MtDHs. The Cys91, Cys94, Cys97, and Cys105 residues at the enzyme active site are either bare or have non-functional metal binding. The residues predicted to be involved in the reaction chemistry are Asn86, Leu109, and Asp82, docking studies Thermotoga neapolitana

kcat/KM [mM/s]

kcat/KM Value [1/mMs-1] kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs-1] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
0.45
-
D-fructose pH 6.5, 90°C Thermotoga neapolitana