Application | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
industry | the enzyme synthesizes D-mannitol is commonly known as a sweetener in food manufacturing such as juices, soft drinks, cakes, and sweet cookies, moreover, other processing including alternative sugar for diabetic patients, cosmetics, personal hygiene products, and laxative. D-mannitol is 50% as sweet as sucrose | Thermotoga maritima |
synthesis | the enzyme might be useful for enzymatic D-mannitol production in an industrial scale. The purified mannitol dehydrogenase have been reported to produce D-mannitol with no sorbitol formation at temperatures of 90-120°C. The pathway for D-mannitol production using MtDH isolated from Thermotoga maritima involves production from glucose via Thermotoga neapolitana xylose isomerase (gene xylA, UniProt ID P45687) followed by the conversion of the formed D-fructose using Thermotoga maritima MtDH of enzymatic to chemical synthesis process, overview | Thermotoga maritima |
synthesis | the enzyme might be useful for enzymatic D-mannitol production in an industrial scale. The purified mannitol dehydrogenase have been reported to produce D-mannitol with no sorbitol formation at temperatures of 90-120°C. The pathway for D-mannitol production using MtDH isolated from Thermotoga neapolitana is via D-fructose in a single step procedure. Comparison of enzymatic to chemical synthesis process, overview | Thermotoga neapolitana |
Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
EDTA | reversible inhibition | Thermotoga maritima | |
EDTA | reversible inhibition | Thermotoga neapolitana |
KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.037 | - |
D-fructose | pH 6.1, 60°C | Thermotoga maritima | |
0.048 | - |
D-fructose | pH 6.1, 80°C | Thermotoga maritima | |
20 | - |
D-fructose | pH 6.5, 90°C | Thermotoga neapolitana |
Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
Co2+ | addition of Co2+ restores activity of the zinc-dependent enzyme after inhibition by EDTA | Thermotoga neapolitana | |
additional information | the Cys91, Cys94, Cys97, and Cys105 residues at the enzyme active site are either bare or have non-functional metal binding. Thermotoga maritima MtDH activity is restored after EDTA treatment by the addition of Co2+ better than Zn2+ | Thermotoga neapolitana | |
Zn2+ | required | Thermotoga maritima | |
Zn2+ | required, MtDH contains a single Zn2+ atom, and no additional metals have been found in this enzyme | Thermotoga neapolitana |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D-fructose + NADH + H+ | Thermotoga neapolitana | - |
D-mannitol + NAD+ | - |
r | |
D-fructose + NADH + H+ | Thermotoga maritima | - |
D-mannitol + NAD+ | - |
r | |
D-fructose + NADH + H+ | Thermotoga maritima DSM 3109 | - |
D-mannitol + NAD+ | - |
r | |
D-fructose + NADH + H+ | Thermotoga maritima NBRC 100826 | - |
D-mannitol + NAD+ | - |
r | |
D-fructose + NADH + H+ | Thermotoga maritima ATCC 43589 | - |
D-mannitol + NAD+ | - |
r | |
D-fructose + NADH + H+ | Thermotoga maritima JCM 10099 | - |
D-mannitol + NAD+ | - |
r |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Thermotoga maritima | Q9WYD4 | - |
- |
Thermotoga maritima ATCC 43589 | Q9WYD4 | - |
- |
Thermotoga maritima DSM 3109 | Q9WYD4 | - |
- |
Thermotoga maritima JCM 10099 | Q9WYD4 | - |
- |
Thermotoga maritima NBRC 100826 | Q9WYD4 | - |
- |
Thermotoga neapolitana | - |
- |
- |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
additional information | optimal growth temperature is 50-95°C | Thermotoga neapolitana | - |
additional information | optimal growth temperature is 80-105°C | Thermotoga maritima | - |
Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
additional information | - |
significant yield of D-mannitol (approximately 40%) from 1% w/v D-fructose by Thermotoga neapolitana MtDH | Thermotoga neapolitana |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D-fructose + NADH + H+ | - |
Thermotoga neapolitana | D-mannitol + NAD+ | - |
r | |
D-fructose + NADH + H+ | - |
Thermotoga maritima | D-mannitol + NAD+ | - |
r | |
D-fructose + NADH + H+ | the Thermotoga maritima MtDH pathway produces D-mannitol from glucose in two steps: first the xylose isomerase from Thermotoga neapolitana converts glucose to fructose, then MtDH converts D-fructose to D-mannitol | Thermotoga maritima | D-mannitol + NAD+ | - |
r | |
D-fructose + NADH + H+ | - |
Thermotoga maritima DSM 3109 | D-mannitol + NAD+ | - |
r | |
D-fructose + NADH + H+ | the Thermotoga maritima MtDH pathway produces D-mannitol from glucose in two steps: first the xylose isomerase from Thermotoga neapolitana converts glucose to fructose, then MtDH converts D-fructose to D-mannitol | Thermotoga maritima DSM 3109 | D-mannitol + NAD+ | - |
r | |
D-fructose + NADH + H+ | - |
Thermotoga maritima NBRC 100826 | D-mannitol + NAD+ | - |
r | |
D-fructose + NADH + H+ | the Thermotoga maritima MtDH pathway produces D-mannitol from glucose in two steps: first the xylose isomerase from Thermotoga neapolitana converts glucose to fructose, then MtDH converts D-fructose to D-mannitol | Thermotoga maritima NBRC 100826 | D-mannitol + NAD+ | - |
r | |
D-fructose + NADH + H+ | - |
Thermotoga maritima ATCC 43589 | D-mannitol + NAD+ | - |
r | |
D-fructose + NADH + H+ | the Thermotoga maritima MtDH pathway produces D-mannitol from glucose in two steps: first the xylose isomerase from Thermotoga neapolitana converts glucose to fructose, then MtDH converts D-fructose to D-mannitol | Thermotoga maritima ATCC 43589 | D-mannitol + NAD+ | - |
r | |
D-fructose + NADH + H+ | - |
Thermotoga maritima JCM 10099 | D-mannitol + NAD+ | - |
r | |
D-fructose + NADH + H+ | the Thermotoga maritima MtDH pathway produces D-mannitol from glucose in two steps: first the xylose isomerase from Thermotoga neapolitana converts glucose to fructose, then MtDH converts D-fructose to D-mannitol | Thermotoga maritima JCM 10099 | D-mannitol + NAD+ | - |
r | |
D-fructose + NADPH + H+ | low activity | Thermotoga maritima | D-mannitol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
D-fructose + NADPH + H+ | low activity | Thermotoga maritima DSM 3109 | D-mannitol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
D-fructose + NADPH + H+ | low activity | Thermotoga maritima NBRC 100826 | D-mannitol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
D-fructose + NADPH + H+ | low activity | Thermotoga maritima ATCC 43589 | D-mannitol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
D-fructose + NADPH + H+ | low activity | Thermotoga maritima JCM 10099 | D-mannitol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
D-xylose + NADH + H+ | 18% activity compared to D-fructose | Thermotoga maritima | D-xylitol + NAD+ | - |
r | |
L-sorbose + NADH + H+ | 5% activity compared to D-fructose | Thermotoga maritima | L-sorbitol + NAD+ | - |
r | |
L-sorbose + NADH + H+ | 5% activity compared to D-fructose | Thermotoga maritima DSM 3109 | L-sorbitol + NAD+ | - |
r | |
L-sorbose + NADH + H+ | 5% activity compared to D-fructose | Thermotoga maritima NBRC 100826 | L-sorbitol + NAD+ | - |
r | |
L-sorbose + NADH + H+ | 5% activity compared to D-fructose | Thermotoga maritima ATCC 43589 | L-sorbitol + NAD+ | - |
r | |
L-sorbose + NADH + H+ | 5% activity compared to D-fructose | Thermotoga maritima JCM 10099 | L-sorbitol + NAD+ | - |
r | |
additional information | No activity with glucose, arabinose, xylose, acetaldehyde, and 2-butanone | Thermotoga maritima | ? | - |
- |
|
additional information | no activity with sorbitol, xylitol, mannose, rhamnose, and xylose. The enzyme from Thermotoga neapolitana is dependent on NADH | Thermotoga neapolitana | ? | - |
- |
|
additional information | No activity with glucose, arabinose, xylose, acetaldehyde, and 2-butanone | Thermotoga maritima DSM 3109 | ? | - |
- |
|
additional information | No activity with glucose, arabinose, xylose, acetaldehyde, and 2-butanone | Thermotoga maritima NBRC 100826 | ? | - |
- |
|
additional information | No activity with glucose, arabinose, xylose, acetaldehyde, and 2-butanone | Thermotoga maritima ATCC 43589 | ? | - |
- |
|
additional information | No activity with glucose, arabinose, xylose, acetaldehyde, and 2-butanone | Thermotoga maritima JCM 10099 | ? | - |
- |
|
targatose + NADH + H+ | 29% activity compared to D-fructose | Thermotoga maritima | ? + NAD+ | - |
r |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
alcohol dehydrogenase, zinc-containing | UniProt | Thermotoga maritima |
mannitol dehydrogenase | - |
Thermotoga neapolitana |
mannitol dehydrogenase | - |
Thermotoga maritima |
MtDH | - |
Thermotoga neapolitana |
MtDH | - |
Thermotoga maritima |
TM_0298 | - |
Thermotoga maritima |
Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
90 | - |
D-fructose reduction | Thermotoga neapolitana |
95 | - |
D-fructose reduction | Thermotoga maritima |
Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] | Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.15 | - |
D-fructose | pH 6.1, 90°C | Thermotoga maritima | |
9 | - |
D-fructose | pH 6.5, 90°C | Thermotoga neapolitana |
pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
6.1 | - |
D-fructose reduction | Thermotoga maritima |
6.5 | - |
D-fructose reduction | Thermotoga neapolitana |
8 | - |
D-mannitol oxidation | Thermotoga neapolitana |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
additional information | no activity with NADPH/NADP+ | Thermotoga neapolitana | |
additional information | Thermotoga maritima MtDH is active with both NADH and NADPH cofactors. But the enzyme catalytic efficiency for D-fructose reduction with NADH is 2.5times higher than that with NADPH, possibly because of the Glu193, Lys194, Asp195, and Glu196 sequence motif | Thermotoga maritima | |
NAD+ | - |
Thermotoga neapolitana | |
NAD+ | - |
Thermotoga maritima | |
NADH | - |
Thermotoga maritima | |
NADH | dependent on | Thermotoga neapolitana | |
NADP+ | low activity | Thermotoga maritima | |
NADPH | low activity | Thermotoga maritima |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
metabolism | Thermotoga neapolitana oxidizes D-fructose directly to D-mannitol in one step | Thermotoga neapolitana |
additional information | the enzyme synthesizes D-mannitol is commonly known as a sweetener in food manufacturing such as juices, soft drinks, cakes, and sweet cookies, moreover, other processing including alternative sugar for diabetic patients, cosmetics, personal hygiene products, and laxative. D-mannitol is 50% as sweet as sucrose | Thermotoga maritima |
additional information | the enzyme synthesizes D-mannitol is commonly known as a sweetener in food manufacturing such as juices, soft drinks, cakes, and sweet cookies, moreover, other processing including alternative sugar for diabetic patients, cosmetics, personal hygiene products, and laxative. D-mannitol is 50% as sweet as sucrose. The residues of the catalytic domain involved in the catalytic mechanism and zinc-binding sites in Thermotoga neapolitana MtDH structure appear to relocate between different structures via cysteine in the active site. Cysteine and glycine residues are commonly conserved in most thermophilic MtDHs. The Cys91, Cys94, Cys97, and Cys105 residues at the enzyme active site are either bare or have non-functional metal binding. The residues predicted to be involved in the reaction chemistry are Asn86, Leu109, and Asp82, docking studies | Thermotoga neapolitana |
kcat/KM Value [1/mMs-1] | kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs-1] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.45 | - |
D-fructose | pH 6.5, 90°C | Thermotoga neapolitana |