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Ligand galactaric acid

Basic Ligand Information

Molecular Structure

Show all BRENDA pathways known for galactaric acid

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Roles as Enzyme Ligand

In Vivo Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (3 results)

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Show Natural Substrate (3 entries)

EC NUMBER

LITERATURE

REACTION DIAGRAM

PROVEN IN VIVO REACTION

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

2.3.1.98

487780

5-O-caffeoylquinic acid + galactaric acid = quinate + caffeoylgalactaric acid

-

4.2.1.42

5083

D-Galactarate = ?

-

4.2.1.42

729259

meso-galactarate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-glucarate + H2O

-

4.2.1.42

2 entries

In Vivo Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (3 results)

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Show Natural Product (3 entries)

EC NUMBER

LITERATURE

REACTION DIAGRAM

PROVEN IN VIVO REACTION

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.1.1.203

, 286230

D-galacturonate + NAD+ + H2O = D-galactarate + NADH + H+

-

1.1.1.203

-

D-galacturonate + NAD+ + H2O = D-galactaric acid + NADH + H+

-

1.1.1.203

-

D-galacturonic acid + NAD+ + H2O = D-galactaric acid + NADH + H+

-

1.1.1.203

3 entries

Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (17 results)

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Show Substrate (17 entries)

EC NUMBER

LITERATURE

REACTION DIAGRAM

REACTION

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.1.99.30

654958

galactarate + oxidized anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate = 2-oxogalactarate + reduced anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate

-

1.1.99.30

654958

galactarate + oxidized benzyl viologen = 2-oxogalactarate + reduced benzyl viologen

-

1.1.99.30

654958

galactarate + oxidized carboxamido-methyl viologen = 2-oxogalactarate + reduced carboxamido-methyl viologen

-

2.3.1.130

486275

caffeoyl-CoA + galactarate = CoA + O-caffeoylgalactarate

-

2.3.1.130

486275

feruloyl-CoA + galactarate = CoA + O-feruloylgalactarate

-

2.3.1.130

486275

p-coumaroyl-CoA + galactarate = CoA + O-p-coumaroylgalactarate

-

2.3.1.130

486275

sinapoyl-CoA + galactarate = CoA + O-sinapoylgalactarate

-

1.1.99.30

3 entries

2.3.1.130

4 entries

2.3.1.98

487780

5-O-caffeoylquinic acid + galactaric acid = quinate + caffeoylgalactaric acid

-

4.2.1.158

702265

galactarate = 2-oxo-D-threo-4,5-dihydroxyadipate + H2O

-

4.2.1.42

746735, 678325

galactarate = (2R,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-5-oxohexanedioate + H2O

-

4.2.1.42

702265

galactarate = 5-dehydro-4-deoxy D-glucarate + H2O

-

4.2.1.42

678325

galactarate = 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate + H2O

-

4.2.1.42

5701, 5083

D-Galactarate = 5-Dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate + H2O

-

4.2.1.42

5083

D-Galactarate = ?

-

4.2.1.42

729259

meso-galactarate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-glucarate + H2O

-

4.2.1.42

746735

meso-galactarate = 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate + H2O

-

4.2.1.42

7 entries

5.5.1.25

747359

galactarate = ?

-

Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (4 results)

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Show Product (4 entries)

EC NUMBER

LITERATURE

REACTION DIAGRAM

REACTION

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.1.1.203

, 286230

D-galacturonate + NAD+ + H2O = D-galactarate + NADH + H+

-

1.1.1.203

-

D-galacturonate + NAD+ + H2O = D-galactaric acid + NADH + H+

-

1.1.1.203

-

D-galacturonic acid + NAD+ + H2O = D-galactaric acid + NADH + H+

-

1.1.1.203

-

D-galacturonic acid + NAD+ = D-galactaric acid + NADH + H+

-

1.1.1.203

4 entries

Activator in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (1 result)

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Show Activating Compound (1 entry)

COMMENTARY

EC NUMBER

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

induces KGSADH-II

1.2.1.26

693021

-

Inhibitor in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (1 result)

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Show Inhibitors (1 entry)

COMMENTARY

EC NUMBER

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

-

4.2.1.40

33840

-

Enzyme Kinetic Parameters

k_cat Value (Turnover Number) (9 results)

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Show Turnover Number (9 entries)

COMMENTARY

EC NUMBER

LITERATURE

TURNOVER NUMBER [1/S]

TURNOVER NUMBER MAXIMUM [1/S]

pH 8.0, 30°C

4.2.1.158

702265

6.8

-

-

4.2.1.42

5083

22

-

at pH 7.9 and 22°C

4.2.1.42

729259

0.12

-

mutant H45Q, in 50 mM Hepes, pH 8.0, 5 mM MgCl2

4.2.1.42

702265

0.0013

-

mutant Y90F, in 50 mM Hepes, pH 8.0, 5 mM MgCl2

4.2.1.42

702265

0.0061

-

pH 8, 25°C

4.2.1.42

746735

4.8

-

pH 8.0, 25°C

4.2.1.42

678325

3.6

-

pH 8.0, 25°C, His6-tagged recombinant enzyme

4.2.1.42

746735

4.8

-

wild-type, in 50 mM Hepes, pH 8.0, 5 mM MgCl2

4.2.1.42

702265

6.8

-

K_M Value (13 results)

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Show KM Value (13 entries)

COMMENTARY

EC NUMBER

KM VALUE [MM]

KM VALUE MAXIMUM [MM]

LITERATURE

pH 8.5, 38°C

1.1.99.30

0.42

-

654958

-

2.3.1.130

33

-

486275

-

2.3.1.98

1.7

-

487780

-

2 entries

pH 8.0, 30°C

4.2.1.158

0.62

-

702265

-

4.2.1.42

0.4

-

5701

-

4.2.1.42

0.8

-

5083

-

2 entries

at pH 7.9 and 22°C

4.2.1.42

0.08

-

729259

mutant H45Q, in 50 mM Hepes, pH 8.0, 5 mM MgCl2

4.2.1.42

4.4

-

702265

mutant Y90F, in 50 mM Hepes, pH 8.0, 5 mM MgCl2

4.2.1.42

2

-

702265

pH 8, 25°C

4.2.1.42

0.38

-

746735

pH 8.0, 25°C

4.2.1.42

0.33

-

678325

pH 8.0, 25°C, His6-tagged recombinant enzyme

4.2.1.42

0.38

-

746735

wild-type, in 50 mM Hepes, pH 8.0, 5 mM MgCl2

4.2.1.42

0.62

-

702265

References & Links

Literature References (13)

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Show Reference (13 entries)

BRENDA REFERENCE ID

PUBMED ID

TITLE

YEAR

AUTHORS

JOURNAL

VOLUME

PAGES

5083

9772162

Evolution of enzymatic activities in the enolase superfamily: characterization of the (D)-glucarate/galactarate catabolic pathway in Escherichia coli

1998

Hubbard, B.K.; Koch, M.; Palmer, D.R.J.; Babbitt, P.C.; Gerlt, J.A.

Biochemistry

37

14369-14375

5701

-

Galactarate dehydrase

1966

Blumenthal, H.J.; Jepson, T.

Methods Enzymol.

9

665-669

33840

-

D-glucarate dehydratase

1966

Blumenthal, H.J.

Methods Enzymol.

9

660-665

286230

4392089

Purification and properties of uronate dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas syringae

1970

Bateman, D.F.; Kosuge, T.; Kilgore, W.W.

Arch. Biochem. Biophys.

136

97-105

486275

-

Enzymatic synthesis of hydroxycinnamic acid esters of sugar acids and hydroaromatic acids by protein preparations from rye (Secale cereale) primary leaves

1987

Strack, D.; Keller, H.; Weissenböck, G.

J. Plant Physiol.

131

61-73

487780

16667263

Properties and activity changes of chlorogenic acid:glucaric acid caffeoyltransferase from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

1990

Strack, D.; Gross, W.

Plant Physiol.

92

41-47

654958

8000871

Proteus mirabilis dehydrogenates aldonates and aldarates with an (R)-configured alpha-carbon atom to the corresponding 2-oxocarboxylates

1994

Schinschel, C.; Simon, H.

Bioorg. Med. Chem.

2

483-491

678325

17649980

Evolution of enzymatic activities in the enolase superfamily: L-talarate/galactarate dehydratase from Salmonella typhimurium LT2

2007

Yew, W.S.; Fedorov, A.A.; Fedorov, E.V.; Almo, S.C.; Gerlt, J.A.

Biochemistry

46

9564-9577

693021

17202142

alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase isozymes involved in metabolic pathways of D-glucarate, D-galactarate, and hydroxy-L-proline. Molecular and metabolic convergent evolution

2007

Watanabe, S.; Yamada, M.; Ohtsu, I.; Makino, K.

J. Biol. Chem.

282

6685-6695

702265

19883118

Computation-facilitated assignment of the function in the enolase superfamily: a regiochemically distinct galactarate dehydratase from Oceanobacillus iheyensis

2009

Rakus, J.F.; Kalyanaraman, C.; Fedorov, A.A.; Fedorov, E.V.; Mills-Groninger, F.P.; Toro, R.; Bonanno, J.; Bain, K.; Sauder, J.M.; Burley, S.K.; Almo, S.C.; Jacobson, M.P.; Gerlt, J.A.

Biochemistry

48

11546-11558

729259

24926996

Evolution of enzymatic activities in the enolase superfamily: galactarate dehydratase III from Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58

2014

Groninger-Poe, F.P.; Bouvier, J.T.; Vetting, M.W.; Kalyanaraman, C.; Kumar, R.; Almo, S.C.; Jacobson, M.P.; Gerlt, J.A.

Biochemistry

53

4192-4203

746735

29248502

A continuous assay for L-talarate/galactarate dehydratase using circular dichroism

2018

Easton, N.M.; Aboushawareb, S.A.E.; Bearne, S.L.

Anal. Biochem.

544

80-86

747359

-

Identification and characterization of 3,6-anhydro-L-galactonate cycloisomerase belonging to theenolase superfamily

2015

Cho, S.; Kim, J.; Lee, S.

Biotechnol. Bioprocess Eng.

20

462-472

Links to other databases for galactaric acid

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Show Links (1 entry)

ChEBI

PubChem