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Information on EC 6.3.2.52 - jasmonoyl-L-amino acid ligase
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6.3.2.52 jasmonoyl-L-amino acid ligaseIUBMB Comments
Two jasmonoyl-L-amino acid synthetases have been described from Nicotiana attenuata and one from Arabidopsis thaliana . The N. attenuata enzymes generate jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine, jasmonoyl-L-leucine, and jasmonoyl-L-valine. The enzyme from A. thaliana could catalyse the addition of many different amino acids to jasmonate in vitro [1,4,5]. While the abundant form of jasmonate in plants is (-)-jasmonate, the active form of jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine is (+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine.
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Word Map
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
fin219, ja-ile synthetase, jasmonate-resistant 4, ja-amino synthetase, jasmonate:amino acid synthetase, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
JAR1
JAR2
-
-
-
-
JAR3
-
-
-
-
JAR4
jasmonoyl-L-amino-acid-synthetase
JAR1
-
-
-
-
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
ATP + jasmonate + an L-amino acid = AMP + diphosphate + a jasmonoyl-L-amino acid
-
-
-
-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
-
,
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
jasmonate:L-amino acid ligase
Two jasmonoyl-L-amino acid synthetases have been described from Nicotiana attenuata [3] and one from Arabidopsis thaliana [1]. The N. attenuata enzymes generate jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine, jasmonoyl-L-leucine, and jasmonoyl-L-valine. The enzyme from A. thaliana could catalyse the addition of many different amino acids to jasmonate in vitro [1,4,5]. While the abundant form of jasmonate in plants is (-)-jasmonate, the active form of jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine is (+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine.
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
ATP + (+)-jasmonate + L-Ile
AMP + diphosphate + jasmonoyl-L-Ile
-
very low activity
-
-
?
ATP + (+/-)-jasmonate + L-Ile
AMP + diphosphate + jasmonoyl-L-Ile
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + (-)-jasmonate + L-Gln
AMP + diphosphate + jasmonoyl-L-Gln
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + (-)-jasmonate + L-Phe
AMP + diphosphate + jasmonoyl-L-Phe
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 12-oxophytodienoate + L-Ile
AMP + diphosphate + 12-oxophytodienoyl-L-Ile
-
low activity
-
-
?
ATP + 13-hydroperoxylinolenoate + L-Ile
AMP + diphosphate + 13-hydroperoxylinolenoyl-L-Ile
-
low activity
-
-
?
ATP + 3-oxocyclopentane octanoate + L-Ile
AMP + diphosphate + 3-oxocyclopentane octanoyl-L-Ile
-
low activity
-
-
?
ATP + linolenate + L-Ile
AMP + diphosphate + linolenoyl-L-Ile
-
low activity
-
-
?
ATP + (-)-jasmonate + L-Ile
AMP + diphosphate + jasmonoyl-L-Ile
-
L-Ile is the preferred amino acid
-
-
?
ATP + (-)-jasmonate + L-Ile
AMP + diphosphate + jasmonoyl-L-Ile
-
the rate of synthesis of (-)-jasmonate is about 100fold faster than for (+)-jasmonate. Diadenosine tetraphosphate cannot substitute ATP
-
-
?
ATP + (-)-jasmonate + L-Ile
AMP + diphosphate + jasmonoyl-L-Ile
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + (-)-jasmonate + L-Leu
AMP + diphosphate + jasmonoyl-L-Leu
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + (-)-jasmonate + L-Leu
AMP + diphosphate + jasmonoyl-L-Leu
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + (-)-jasmonate + L-Val
AMP + diphosphate + jasmonoyl-L-Val
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + (-)-jasmonate + L-Val
AMP + diphosphate + jasmonoyl-L-Val
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + jasmonate + an L-amino acid
AMP + diphosphate + a jasmonoyl-L-amino acid
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + jasmonate + an L-amino acid
AMP + diphosphate + a jasmonoyl-L-amino acid
-
-
-
?
ATP + jasmonate + an L-amino acid
AMP + diphosphate + a jasmonoyl-L-amino acid
specific substrate
-
-
?
ATP + jasmonate + an L-amino acid
AMP + diphosphate + a jasmonoyl-L-amino acid
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + jasmonate + L-Ile
AMP + diphosphate + jasmonoyl-L-Ile
-
-
-
?
ATP + jasmonate + L-Ile
AMP + diphosphate + jasmonoyl-L-Ile
-
highest activity
-
-
?
ATP + jasmonate + L-Ile
AMP + diphosphate + jasmonoyl-L-Ile
A1BNG5
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the rate of conjugation with 12-hydroxy-jasmonate and 3-oxo-2-(2Z-pentenyl)cyclopentane-1-butyric acid is about 1-2% that for jasmonate. The enzyme shows no activity with (+/-)-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, 3-oxo-2-(2Z-pentenyl)cyclopentane-1-hexanoate, and 3-oxo-2-(2Z-pentenyl)cyclopentane-1-octanoate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, L-Me, or L-Trp
-
-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
ATP + (-)-jasmonate + L-Ile
AMP + diphosphate + jasmonoyl-L-Ile
-
L-Ile is the preferred amino acid
-
-
?
ATP + jasmonate + an L-amino acid
AMP + diphosphate + a jasmonoyl-L-amino acid
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + jasmonate + an L-amino acid
AMP + diphosphate + a jasmonoyl-L-amino acid
-
-
-
?
ATP + jasmonate + an L-amino acid
AMP + diphosphate + a jasmonoyl-L-amino acid
specific substrate
-
-
?
ATP + jasmonate + an L-amino acid
AMP + diphosphate + a jasmonoyl-L-amino acid
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + jasmonate + L-Ile
AMP + diphosphate + jasmonoyl-L-Ile
-
-
-
?
ATP + jasmonate + L-Ile
AMP + diphosphate + jasmonoyl-L-Ile
A1BNG5
-
-
-
?
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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IC50 VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
malfunction
A1BNG5
enzyme silencing impairs jasmonic acid-isoleucine-mediated defenses against Manduca sexta
physiological function
physiological function
-
the enzyme is involved in resistance to the soil fungus Pythium irregulare
physiological function
the enzyme is not required for far-red light response
physiological function
-
the enzyme is required to activate jasmonate for optimal signaling in Arabidopsis
physiological function
-
the enzyme negatively regulates shade-induced hypocotyl elongation and gene expression in Arabidopsis seedlings in response to shade
physiological function
the enzyme plays a role in enhanced defense responses in Arabidopsis induced by the cell wall protein fractions from Pythium oligandrum
physiological function
-
the enzyme-dependent jasmonate signaling pathway is involved in C6-aldehyde-induced defense responses of Arabidopsis
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UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). JAR1_ARATH
575
0
64350
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 1)
JAR4_NICAT
577
0
64648
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 2)
JAR6_NICAT
580
0
64781
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 1)
GH33_ORYSJ
462
0
50511
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 2)
GH35_ORYSJ
581
0
65095
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 2)
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SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
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CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells
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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
enzyme transcripts are strongly elicitated by wounding and treatment with Manduca sexta oral secretions
-
the enzyme transcript increases dramatically in wounded tissue, reaching a maximum after about 1 h
-
the enzyme-dependent jasmonate signaling pathway is activated upon exposing Arabidopsis to (E)-2-hexenal or (Z)-3-hexenal
-
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REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Guranowski, A.; Miersch, O.; Staswick, P.; Suza, W.; Wasternack, C.
Substrate specificity and products of side-reactions catalyzed by jasmonate amino acid synthetase (JAR1)
FEBS Lett.
581
815-820
2007
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Swain, S.; Jiang, H.; Hsieh, H.
FAR-RED INSENSITIVE 219/JAR1 contributes to shade avoidance responses of Arabidopsis seedlings by modulating key shade signaling components
Front. Plant Sci.
8
1901
2017
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Meesters, C.; Mnig, T.; Oeljeklaus, J.; Krahn, D.; Westfall, C.; Hause, B.; Jez, J.; Kaiser, M.; Kombrink, E.
A chemical inhibitor of jasmonate signaling targets JAR1 in Arabidopsis thaliana
Nat. Chem. Biol.
10
830-836
2014
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SKE2), Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Vandoorn, A.; Bonaventure, G.; Schmidt, D.; Baldwin, I.
Regulation of jasmonate metabolism and activation of systemic signaling in Solanum nigrum COI1 and JAR4 play overlapping yet distinct roles
New Phytol.
190
640-652
2011
Solanum nigrum (F6KIF4)
brenda
Staswick, P.; Tiryaki, I.; Rowe, M.
Jasmonate response locus JAR1 and several related Arabidopsis genes encode enzymes of the firefly luciferase superfamily that show activity on jasmonic, salicylic, and indole-3-acetic acids in an assay for adenylation
Plant Cell
14
1405-1415
2002
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SKE2)
brenda
Staswick, P.; Tiryaki, I.
The oxylipin signal jasmonic acid is activated by an enzyme that conjugate it to isoleucine in Arabidopsis W inside box sign
Plant Cell
16
2117-2127
2004
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Kang, J.; Wang, L.; Giri, A.; Baldwin, I.
Silencing threonine deaminase and JAR4 in Nicotiana attenuata impairs jasmonic acid-isoleucine-mediated defenses against Manduca sexta
Plant Cell
18
3303-3320
2006
Nicotiana attenuata (A1BNG5)
brenda
Kawamura, Y.; Takenaka, S.; Hase, S.; Kubota, M.; Ichinose, Y.; Kanayama, Y.; Nakaho, K.; Klessig, D.; Takahashi, H.
Enhanced defense responses in Arabidopsis induced by the cell wall protein fractions from Pythium oligandrum require SGT1, RAR1, NPR1 and JAR1
Plant Cell Physiol.
50
924-934
2009
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SKE2)
brenda
Staswick, P.; Yuen, G.; Lehman, C.
Jasmonate signaling mutants of Arabidopsis are susceptible to the soil fungus Pythium irregulare
Plant J.
15
747-754
1998
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Kishimoto, K.; Matsui, K.; Ozawa, R.; Takabayashi, J.
ETR1-, JAR1- and PAD2-dependent signaling pathways are involved in C6-aldehyde-induced defense responses of Arabidopsis
Plant Sci.
171
415-423
2006
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Wang, L.; Halitschke, R.; Kang, J.; Berg, A.; Harnisch, F.; Baldwin, I.
Independently silencing two JAR family members impairs levels of trypsin proteinase inhibitors but not nicotine
Planta
226
159-167
2007
Nicotiana attenuata
brenda
Suza, W.; Staswick, P.
The role of JAR1 in jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine production during Arabidopsis wound response
Planta
227
1221-1232
2008
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
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