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Information on EC 4.6.1.23 - ribotoxin
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4.6.1.23 ribotoxinIUBMB Comments
Ribotoxins are rRNA endonucleases that catalyse the cleavage of the phosphodiester bond between guanosine and adenosine residues at one specific position in 28S rRNA. The enzyme secreted by Aspergillus giganteus specifically cleaves rat 28S rRNA between G4325 and A4326 and displays cytotoxic activity toward animal cells. It can also act on bacterial rRNAs. The enzyme catalyses a two-stage endonucleolytic cleavage. The first reaction produces 5'-hydroxy-phosphooligonucletides and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides ending with 2',3'-cyclic phosphodiester, which are released from the enzyme. The enzyme then hydrolyses these cyclic compounds in a second reaction that takes place only when all the susceptible 3',5'-phosphodiester bonds have been cyclised. The second reaction is a reversal of the first reaction using the hydroxyl group of water instead of the 5'-hydroxyl group of ribose. The overall process is that of a phosphorus-oxygen lyase followed by hydrolysis to form the 3'-nucleotides.
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Word Map
- 4.6.1.23
- rrnas
- aspergillus
-
phosphodiester
-
ribonucleolytic
- ricin
-
cytotoxin
- fumigatus
-
ribosome-inactivating
- giganteus
- restrictus
- aspergillosis
- srl
- immunotoxins
-
depurination
- n-glycosidase
-
ribotoxic
- tetraloop
- medicine
- agrocybe
-
gaga
-
alpha-fragment
- a-chain
-
hirsutella
- aegerita
-
sarcin-ricin
- oligoribonucleotide
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
Reaction Schemes
+
=
+
a 28S rRNA containing guanosine-adenosine pair
+
=
an [RNA fragment]-3'-adenosine-3'-phosphate
+
a 5'-hydroxy-guanosine-3'-[RNA fragment]
Synonyms
alpha-sarcin, restrictocin, ribotoxin, mitogillin, ageritin, ribonuclease alpha-sarcin, rrna endonuclease, alpha-sarcin-like ribotoxin restrictocin, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
alpha-sarcin
EC 3.1.27.10
-
-
formerly
-
alpha-sarcin
-
-
-
-
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
a 28S rRNA containing guanosine-adenosine pair + H2O = an [RNA fragment]-3'-adenosine-3'-phosphate + a 5'-hydroxy-guanosine-3'-[RNA fragment]
overall reaction
-
-
-
a 28S rRNA containing guanosine-adenosine pair = an [RNA fragment]-3'-adenosine-2',3'-cyclophosphate + a 5'-hydroxy-guanosine-3'-[RNA fragment]
(1a)
-
-
-
an [RNA fragment]-3'-adenosine-2',3'-cyclophosphate + H2O = an [RNA fragment]-3'-adenosine-3'-phosphate
(1b)
-
-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
endoribonuclease reaction
-
-
-
-
hydrolysis
-
-
-
-
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
[28S-rRNA]-guanosine-adenosine 5'-hydroxy-guanosine-ribonucleotide-3'-[RNA fragment]-lyase (cyclicizing; [RNA fragment]-3'-adenosine-2',3'-cyclophosphate-forming and hydrolysing)
Ribotoxins are rRNA endonucleases that catalyse the cleavage of the phosphodiester bond between guanosine and adenosine residues at one specific position in 28S rRNA. The enzyme secreted by Aspergillus giganteus specifically cleaves rat 28S rRNA between G4325 and A4326 and displays cytotoxic activity toward animal cells. It can also act on bacterial rRNAs. The enzyme catalyses a two-stage endonucleolytic cleavage. The first reaction produces 5'-hydroxy-phosphooligonucletides and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides ending with 2',3'-cyclic phosphodiester, which are released from the enzyme. The enzyme then hydrolyses these cyclic compounds in a second reaction that takes place only when all the susceptible 3',5'-phosphodiester bonds have been cyclised. The second reaction is a reversal of the first reaction using the hydroxyl group of water instead of the 5'-hydroxyl group of ribose. The overall process is that of a phosphorus-oxygen lyase followed by hydrolysis to form the 3'-nucleotides.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
1407-48-3
-
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
23S rRNA + H2O
?
-
cleavage of sarcin-ricin loop of 23S rRNA inhibits in vitro translation, slightly affects binding of elongation factor Tu ternary complex to the ribosome, inhibits elongation factor G binding, and consequently GTP hydrolysis and mRNA-tRNA translocation
-
-
?
23S rRNA containing guanosine-adenosine pair + H2O
an [RNA fragment]-3'-adenosine-3'-phosphate + a 5'-a hydroxy-guanosine-3'-[RNA fragment]
-
-
-
?
Escherichia coli 23S rRNA containing guanosine-adenosine pair + H2O
an [RNA fragment]-3'-adenosine-3'-phosphate + a 5'-a hydroxy-guanosine-3'-[RNA fragment]
-
-
-
-
?
Escherichia coli 28S rRNA containing guanosine-adenosine pair + H2O
an [RNA fragment]-3'-adenosine-3'-phosphate + a 5'-a hydroxy-guanosine-3'-[RNA fragment]
rabbit 28S rRNA containing guanosine-adenosine pair + H2O
an [RNA fragment]-3'-adenosine-3'-phosphate + a 5'-a hydroxy-guanosine-3'-[RNA fragment]
-
-
-
?
rabbit reticulocyte 28S rRNA containing guanosine-adenosine pair + H2O
an [RNA fragment]-3'-adenosine-3'-phosphate + a 5'-a hydroxy-guanosine-3'-[RNA fragment]
-
-
-
?
rabbit ribosomes + H2O
?
ribosomes isolated from reticulocyte lysate
-
-
?
Rattus norvegicus 28S rRNA containing guanosine-adenosine pair + H2O
an [RNA fragment]-3'-adenosine-3'-phosphate + a 5'-a hydroxy-guanosine-3'-[RNA fragment]
-
alpha-sarcin hydrolyzes a phosphodiester bond on the 3' side of a guanine residue 393 nucleotides from the 3' end. The alpha-sarcin domain is composed of a purine-rich sequence of 14 highly conserved nucleotides
-
-
?
Saccharomyces cerevisiae 28S rRNA containing guanosine-adenosine pair + H2O
an [RNA fragment]-3'-adenosine-3'-phosphate + a 5'-a hydroxy-guanosine-3'-[RNA fragment]
Saccharomyces cerevisiae rRNA containing guanosine-adenosine pair + H2O
an [RNA fragment]-3'-adenosine-3'-phosphate + a 5'-a hydroxy-guanosine-3'-[RNA fragment]
-
-
-
?
yeast 26 S RNA + H2O
?
-
alpha-sarcin cleaves the phosphodiester bond between the guanine residue at position 3025 and the adenine residue at position 3026
-
-
?
28 S rRNA + H2O
alpha-fragment from the 3' end of 28S rRNA
-
-
-
-
?
28 S rRNA + H2O
alpha-fragment from the 3' end of 28S rRNA
-
-
-
?
28 S rRNA + H2O
alpha-fragment from the 3' end of 28S rRNA
-
human rhabdomyosarcoma 28S rRNA
-
-
?
28 S rRNA + H2O
alpha-fragment from the 3' end of 28S rRNA
-
mini-stem-loop RNA
-
-
?
28 S rRNA + H2O
alpha-fragment from the 3' end of 28S rRNA
-
rat liver 28S rRNA
-
-
?
28 S rRNA + H2O
alpha-fragment from the 3' end of 28S rRNA
-
rat liver 28S rRNA
-
?
28 S rRNA + H2O
alpha-fragment from the 3' end of 28S rRNA
-
rat liver 28S rRNA
-
-
?
28 S rRNA + H2O
alpha-fragment from the 3' end of 28S rRNA
-
-
-
-
?
28 S rRNA + H2O
alpha-fragment from the 3' end of 28S rRNA
-
rat liver 28S rRNA
-
?
28 S rRNA + H2O
alpha-fragment from the 3' end of 28S rRNA
-
human rhabdomyosarcoma 28S rRNA
-
-
?
ApA + H2O
3'-AMP + adenosine
-
reaction of alpha-sarcin on ApA is composed of 2 steps, transphosphorylation adenosine + 2',3'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate are the reaction products, followed by hydrolysis of the cyclic mononucleotide, producing 3'-AMP
-
-
?
Escherichia coli 28S rRNA containing guanosine-adenosine pair + H2O
an [RNA fragment]-3'-adenosine-3'-phosphate + a 5'-a hydroxy-guanosine-3'-[RNA fragment]
-
-
-
-
?
Escherichia coli 28S rRNA containing guanosine-adenosine pair + H2O
an [RNA fragment]-3'-adenosine-3'-phosphate + a 5'-a hydroxy-guanosine-3'-[RNA fragment]
-
-
-
?
Escherichia coli 28S rRNA containing guanosine-adenosine pair + H2O
an [RNA fragment]-3'-adenosine-3'-phosphate + a 5'-a hydroxy-guanosine-3'-[RNA fragment]
Aspergillus giganteus MH18894
-
-
-
-
?
GpA + H2O
3'-GMP
-
hydrolysis of the 3'-5' phosphodiester bond of the substrate yields 2',3'-cyclic adenosine mononucleotide, this intermediate is converted into the corresponding 3'-monophosphate derivative as the final product of the reaction
-
-
?
GpA + H2O
3'-GMP
-
hydrolysis of the 3'-5' phosphodiester bond of the substrate yields 2',3'-cyclic adenosine mononucleotide, this intermediate is converted into the corresponding 3'-monophosphate derivative as the final product of the reaction
-
-
?
RNA + H2O
?
-
hydrolyzes naked RNA at purines in both single-and double-stranded regions
-
-
?
RNA + H2O
?
hydrolyzes naked RNA at purines in both single-and double-stranded regions
-
-
?
RNA + H2O
?
-
with total rRNA as substrate alpha-sarcin causes extensive progressive digestion of nucleic acids
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
-
-
646298, 646299, 646300, 646301, 646302, 646303, 646304, 646305, 646306, 646307, 646308, 646309, 646310, 646311, 646312, 646314, 646315, 646316, 646318, 646319, 646320, 646321
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
Saccharomyces cerevisiae 28S rRNA containing guanosine-adenosine pair + H2O
an [RNA fragment]-3'-adenosine-3'-phosphate + a 5'-a hydroxy-guanosine-3'-[RNA fragment]
-
-
-
-
?
Saccharomyces cerevisiae 28S rRNA containing guanosine-adenosine pair + H2O
an [RNA fragment]-3'-adenosine-3'-phosphate + a 5'-a hydroxy-guanosine-3'-[RNA fragment]
Aspergillus giganteus MH18894
-
-
-
-
?
supercoiled double-stranded DNA + H2O
nicked circular conformation of DNA
-
-
-
-
?
supercoiled double-stranded DNA + H2O
nicked circular conformation of DNA
-
no effect on linear DNA
at low concentrations, further into a linear form at high concentrations
?
additional information
?
-
-
alpha-sarcin cleavage site lies between a guanosine and adenosine residue in the sequence AGUACGAG AGGAAG
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
specific ribonuclease activity against ribosomal RNA causes ribosome disruption and subsequent protein biosynthesis inhibition
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
mechanism of action is hydrolysis of a phosphodiester bond between G-4325 and A-4326 of rat 28S ribosomal RNA producing an alpha-fragment from the 3' end of 28S rRNA
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
alpha-sarcin modifies neighbouring sites in the sarcin/ricin loop of 28S rRNA, destroying the necessary dynamic flexibility of the ribosome, inhibiting the elongation factor assisted steps of the elongation cycle
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
induction of cell death via apoptosis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
deletion mutant delta(7-22) exhibits activity against naked rRNA and synthetic substrates but lacks the specific ability of the wild-type protein to degrade rRNA in intact ribosomes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
arginine 121 is a crucial residue for the specific cytotoxic activity of alpha-sarcin
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
alpha-sarcin site nucleotide sequence is identical in the large rRNAs of cytoplasmic ribosomes from a range of evolutionary diverse organisms, evolutionarily conserved in all eukaryotes and prokaryotes so far tested
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
alpha-sarcin site nucleotide sequence is identical in the large rRNAs of cytoplasmic ribosomes from a range of evolutionary diverse organisms, evolutionarily conserved in all eukaryotes and prokaryotes so far tested
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
alpha-sarcin site nucleotide sequence is identical in the large rRNAs of cytoplasmic ribosomes from a range of evolutionary diverse organisms, evolutionarily conserved in all eukaryotes and prokaryotes so far tested
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
alpha-sarcin site nucleotide sequence is identical in the large rRNAs of cytoplasmic ribosomes from a range of evolutionary diverse organisms, evolutionarily conserved in all eukaryotes and prokaryotes so far tested
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
with rat liver ribosomes or 60S ribosomal subunits as substrates alpha-sarcin cleaves a single oligonucleotide of about 488 residues, the alpha-fragment from the 3' end of 28 S rRNA, 40 S ribosomal subunits are not affected by the enzyme, hydrolysis of DNA requires large amounts of the toxin
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cytotoxic protein that inhibits eukaryotic elongation factor 1 catalyzed binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomes as a result of cleaving a fragment from the large RNA in the 60 S ribosomal subunit
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cytotoxic protein that inhibits eukaryotic elongation factor 1 catalyzed binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomes as a result of cleaving a fragment from the large RNA in the 60 S ribosomal subunit
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
leucine 145 plays a key role for determining the specificity of the ribosome-inactivating activity of the protein
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the ribosome-inactivating proteins alpha-sarcin targets the ribosomal sarcin/ricin loop, specific recognition and cleavage. The eukaryotic ribosomal stalk directly interacts with several members of the N-glycosidase family, favoring their disruption of the sarcin/ricin loop, overview. alpha-Sarcin does not interact with the P1/P2 C-terminal peptide SDDDMGFGLFD
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the rate of cleavage is comparable both in presence and in absence of ribosomal proteins. More complete cleavage is observed in the absence of ribosomal proteins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
specific ribonuclease activity against ribosomal RNA causes ribosome disruption and subsequent protein biosynthesis inhibition
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
alpha-sarcin site nucleotide sequence is identical in the large rRNAs of cytoplasmic ribosomes from a range of evolutionary diverse organisms, evolutionarily conserved in all eukaryotes and prokaryotes so far tested
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
mechanism of action is hydrolysis of a phosphodiester bond between G-4325 and A-4326 of rat 28S ribosomal RNA producing an alpha-fragment from the 3' end of 28S rRNA
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
acts as a cyclizing ribonuclease
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
acts as a cyclizing ribonuclease
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
induction of cell death via apoptosis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Aspergillus giganteus MH18894
-
the rate of cleavage is comparable both in presence and in absence of ribosomal proteins. More complete cleavage is observed in the absence of ribosomal proteins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
ageritin shows specific ribonucleolytic activity against the ribosomal sarcin-ricin loop in a rabbit reticulocytes assay
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
hybridization, pH 7.55, 350 mM of monovalent cations, 10 mM MgCl2, 37°C
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cleaving a specific adenine from the highly conserved alpha-sarcin loop of the host 28S ribosomal RNA
-
-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
additional information
?
-
-
the ribosome-inactivating proteins alpha-sarcin targets the ribosomal sarcin/ricin loop, specific recognition and cleavage. The eukaryotic ribosomal stalk directly interacts with several members of the N-glycosidase family, favoring their disruption of the sarcin/ricin loop, overview. alpha-Sarcin does not interact with the P1/P2 C-terminal peptide SDDDMGFGLFD
-
-
?
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
KCl
Mg2+
additional information
KCl
-
at low salt concentrations less than 5 mM maximum of cleavage rate
KCl
-
at low salt concentrations of less than 5 mM the enzyme has its maximum cleavage rate
Mg2+
ageritin strongly binds magnesium ions with low micromolar affinity, KD value 308 nM
additional information
activity is strongly metal-dependent and completely suppressed in the presence of EDTA
additional information
ageritin's ribonucleolytic activity requires the presence of divalent cations, with a maximum activation in the presence of zinc ions
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
elongation factor G
the transitory binding of elongation factor G and GDP to the ribosome inhibits the rate of alpha-sarcin cleavage. The stabilization of this binding with fusidic acid completely prevents alpha-sarcin cleavage
-
GDP
the transitory binding of elongation factor G and GDP to the ribosome inhibits the rate of alpha-sarcin cleavage. The stabilization of this binding with fusidic acid completely prevents alpha-sarcin cleavage
Sodium dodecyl sulfate
-
reversible inhibition of ribonuclease activity, irreversible inhibition of deoxyribonuclease activity
Thiostrepton
irreversible binding of the antibiotic thiostrepton to the Escherichia coll ribosome decreases the rate of cleavage by alpha-sarcin approximately 2fold
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
ribosomal stalk
-
the eukaryotic ribosomal stalk directly interacts with several members of the N-glycosidase family, favoring their disruption of the SRL
-
additional information
-
P1 protein isozymes P1alphaP2beta and P1betaP2alpha are acidic proteins that are extremely dynamic, including their exchange with the cytoplasmic pool, their C-terminal regions being responsible for the interaction, recruitment, and regulation of supernatant translation factors and ribosome-inactivating proteins like ricin and trichosanthin, but alpha-sarcin does not interact with the P1/P2 C-terminal peptide SDDDMGFGLFD
-
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DISEASE
TITLE OF PUBLICATION
LINK TO PUBMED
Adenocarcinoma
Ultrastructural changes induced by alpha-sarcin in a human pulmonary tumor grown in naked mice.
Aspergillosis
Analysis of the major proteins secreted by the human opportunistic pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus under in vitro conditions.
Aspergillosis
Secretion of a potential virulence factor, a fungal ribonucleotoxin, during human aspergillosis infections.
Aspergillosis
Use of recombinant mitogillin for improved serodiagnosis of Aspergillus fumigatus-associated diseases.
Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary
Immunodominant peptide epitopes of allergen, Asp f 1 from the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus.
Brain Neoplasms
Purification, characterization and cytotoxicity assessment of Ageritin: The first ribotoxin from the basidiomycete mushroom Agrocybe aegerita.
Breast Neoplasms
Immunoconjugate generation between the ribosome inactivating protein restrictocin and an anti-human breast carcinoma MAB.
Carcinoma
Biochemical, cytotoxic and pharmacokinetic properties of an immunotoxin composed of a mouse monoclonal antibody Fib75 and the ribosome-inactivating protein alpha-sarcin from Aspergillus giganteus.
Carcinoma
Preparation of an engineered safer immunotoxin against colon carcinoma based on the ribotoxin hirsutellin A.
Colorectal Neoplasms
Efficient in vivo antitumor effect of an immunotoxin based on ribotoxin ?-sarcin in nude mice bearing human colorectal cancer xenografts.
Colorectal Neoplasms
Inclusion of a Furin Cleavage Site Enhances Antitumor Efficacy against Colorectal Cancer Cells of Ribotoxin ?-Sarcin- or RNase T1-Based Immunotoxins.
Infections
Analysis of the major proteins secreted by the human opportunistic pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus under in vitro conditions.
Infections
Beauveria bassiana ribotoxin inhibits insect immunity responses to facilitate infection via host translational blockage.
Infections
Entry of feline calicivirus is dependent on clathrin-mediated endocytosis and acidification in endosomes.
Infections
Virulence of Aspergillus fumigatus double mutants lacking restriction and an alkaline protease in a low-dose model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.
Influenza in Birds
Effects of edeine, hygromycin B and alpha-Sarcin on influenza virus reproduction.
Influenza, Human
Effects of edeine, hygromycin B and alpha-Sarcin on influenza virus reproduction.
Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Aspergillus fumigatus and Its Allergenic Ribotoxin Asp f I: Old Enemies but New Opportunities for Urine-Based Detection of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis Using Lateral-Flow Technology.
Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Construction and pathogenicity of Aspergillus fumigatus mutants that do not produce the ribotoxin restrictocin.
Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Effects of alkaline protease or restrictocin deficient mutants of Aspergillus fumigatus on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Use of recombinant mitogillin for improved serodiagnosis of Aspergillus fumigatus-associated diseases.
Mycoses
Characterization of the Aspergillus fumigatus chitosanase CsnB and evaluation of its potential use in serological diagnostics.
Neoplasms
Deletion of the NH2-terminal beta-hairpin of the ribotoxin alpha-sarcin produces a nontoxic but active ribonuclease.
Neoplasms
Efficient in vivo antitumor effect of an immunotoxin based on ribotoxin ?-sarcin in nude mice bearing human colorectal cancer xenografts.
Neoplasms
Evaluation of mitogillin (NSC-69529) in the treatment of naturally occurring canine neoplasms.
Neoplasms
Inclusion of a Furin Cleavage Site Enhances Antitumor Efficacy against Colorectal Cancer Cells of Ribotoxin ?-Sarcin- or RNase T1-Based Immunotoxins.
Neoplasms
Kinetic study of the cytotoxic effect of alpha-sarcin, a ribosome inactivating protein from Aspergillus giganteus, on tumour cell lines: protein biosynthesis inhibition and cell binding.
Neoplasms
Noncytotoxic ribonuclease, RNase T1, induces tumor cell death via hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope vector.
Neoplasms
Purification, characterization and cytotoxicity assessment of Ageritin: The first ribotoxin from the basidiomycete mushroom Agrocybe aegerita.
Neoplasms
Study of the interaction between the antitumour protein alpha-sarcin and phospholipid vesicles.
Neoplasms
Toxicity and membrane perturbation properties of the ribotoxin-like protein Ageritin.
Neoplasms
Ultrastructural changes induced by alpha-sarcin in a human pulmonary tumor grown in naked mice.
Neuroblastoma
Ageritin from poplar mushrooms: scale-up purification and cytotoxicity towards undifferentiated and differentiated SH-SY5Y cells.
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Cytotoxic mechanism of the ribotoxin alpha-sarcin. Induction of cell death via apoptosis.
Rotavirus Infections
Rotaviruses induce an early membrane permeabilization of MA104 cells and do not require a low intracellular Ca2+ concentration to initiate their replication cycle.
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.076
SRL
-
sarcin/ricin loop in ribosomal RNA, 10 mM Tris-HCl, 0-5 mM KCl, pH 7-7.4, 37°C
-
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TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE