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Information on EC 4.2.3.8 - casbene synthase
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4.2.3.8 casbene synthaseIUBMB Comments
The enzyme from castor bean (Ricinus communis) produces the antifungal diterpene casbene.
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Word Map
- 4.2.3.8
- bean
- castor
- communis
- seedlings
-
diterpene
-
ricinus
-
rhizopus
- stolonifer
- elicitors
-
phytoalexin
-
cyclization
- jatropha
-
diterpenoids
-
pectic
- synthesis
- euphorbiaceae
- curcas
- 5-epi-aristolochene
-
endosperm
- polygalacturonase
-
biodiesel
- limonene
- spearmint
- mevalonate
- cyclases
- agriculture
-
isopentenyl
- endopolygalacturonase
-
4s-limonene
-
olefin
- cake
- polygalacturonic
- analysis
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
casbene synthetase, casbene synthase, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
casbene synthetase
-
-
-
-
EC 4.6.1.7
-
-
formerly
-
TPS2
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
geranylgeranyl diphosphate = casbene + diphosphate
the enzyme from castor bean (Ricinus communis) produces the antifungal diterpene casbene
-
-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
P-O bond cleavage
-
-
-
-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
geranylgeranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing, casbene-forming)
The enzyme from castor bean (Ricinus communis) produces the antifungal diterpene casbene.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
69106-45-2
-
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
casbene + diphosphate
-
plus neocembrene, approximately 3% of the casbene product
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
casbene + diphosphate
-
plus neocembrene, approximately 3% of the casbene product
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
casbene + diphosphate
-
regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis, enzyme produces the antifungal diterpene casbene, a stress metabolite
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
casbene + diphosphate
-
regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis, enzyme produces the antifungal diterpene casbene, a stress metabolite
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
casbene + diphosphate
-
regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis, enzyme produces the antifungal diterpene casbene, a stress metabolite
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
casbene + diphosphate
regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis, enzyme produces the antifungal diterpene casbene, a stress metabolite
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
casbene + diphosphate
-
regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis, enzyme produces the antifungal diterpene casbene, a stress metabolite
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
casbene + diphosphate
-
regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis, enzyme produces the antifungal diterpene casbene, a stress metabolite
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
casbene + diphosphate
-
regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis, enzyme produces the antifungal diterpene casbene, a stress metabolite
diterpene phytoalexin, product of a single enzyme-catalyzed transformation
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
casbene + diphosphate
-
regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis, enzyme produces the antifungal diterpene casbene, a stress metabolite
diterpene phytoalexin, product of a single enzyme-catalyzed transformation
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
casbene + diphosphate
-
plus neocembrene, approximately 3% of the casbene product
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with farnesyl diphosphate and geranyl diphosphate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with farnesyl diphosphate and geranyl diphosphate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with farnesyl diphosphate and geranyl diphosphate
-
-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
casbene + diphosphate
-
regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis, enzyme produces the antifungal diterpene casbene, a stress metabolite
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
casbene + diphosphate
-
regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis, enzyme produces the antifungal diterpene casbene, a stress metabolite
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
casbene + diphosphate
-
regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis, enzyme produces the antifungal diterpene casbene, a stress metabolite
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
casbene + diphosphate
regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis, enzyme produces the antifungal diterpene casbene, a stress metabolite
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
casbene + diphosphate
-
regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis, enzyme produces the antifungal diterpene casbene, a stress metabolite
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
casbene + diphosphate
-
regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis, enzyme produces the antifungal diterpene casbene, a stress metabolite
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
casbene + diphosphate
-
regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis, enzyme produces the antifungal diterpene casbene, a stress metabolite
diterpene phytoalexin, product of a single enzyme-catalyzed transformation
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
casbene + diphosphate
-
regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis, enzyme produces the antifungal diterpene casbene, a stress metabolite
diterpene phytoalexin, product of a single enzyme-catalyzed transformation
?
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Mg2+
-
highly dependent on, maximal stimulation of the activity above 5 mM, Mn2+ is much less effective
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
Tributyl-2,4-dichlorobenzylphosphonium chloride
-
phosphonD, growth retardant, inhibits the activity by 55%
additional information
-
10 mM iodoacetamide is not inhibitory, SKF525A, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl-2,2-diphenylpentanoate and the growth retardant Amo-1618, 2'-isopropyl-4'-(trimethylammonium chloride)-5'-methylphenyl piperidine-1-carboxylate are ineffective inhibitors
-
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
Rhizpus stolonifer polygalcturonase
-
elicitor, stimulates germinating seedlings to produce casbene synthetase activity
-
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DISEASE
TITLE OF PUBLICATION
LINK TO PUBMED
Infections
Biosynthesis of the Macrocyclic Diterpene Casbene in Castor Bean (Ricinus communis L.) Seedlings : Changes in Enzyme Levels Induced by Fungal Infection and Intracellular Localization of the Pathway.
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
infected with the fungus Rhizpus stolonifer, no detectable levels of casbene synthetase mRNA in healthy seedlings
brenda
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
sequence comtains a chloroplast transit peptide
brenda
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
malfunction
down-regulating casbene synthase effectively reduces phorbol ester biosynthesis
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UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). CASS_RICCO
601
0
68966
Swiss-Prot
Chloroplast (Reliability: 2)
A0A0B2PPQ3_GLYSO
567
0
66034
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4)
A0A165U5Z3_EUPLT
589
0
68624
TrEMBL
Chloroplast (Reliability: 5)
B9RHX4_RICCO
599
0
68775
TrEMBL
Chloroplast (Reliability: 5)
B9RY01_RICCO
282
0
32471
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5)
A0A0B2SLJ0_GLYSO
557
0
64974
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3)
A0A7L5BC71_ORYSA
601
0
68876
TrEMBL
Chloroplast (Reliability: 2)
B9RHW5_RICCO
614
0
70815
TrEMBL
Chloroplast (Reliability: 2)
B9SJ11_RICCO
271
0
31556
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3)
B9RY04_RICCO
156
0
18673
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3)
A0A0B2PNQ2_GLYSO
258
0
29749
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4)
D3JYA1_TRISB
597
0
68915
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
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CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
the enzyme is ubiquitously expressed with higher level of transcription during the late stages of seed development
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APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
agriculture
analysis
-
optimized Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression assay in Nicotiana benthamiana for plant diterpene synthase expression and product analysis. Expression of casbene synthases leads to the accumulation of diterpenes within 3 days of infiltration and with a maximum at 5 days. Over 50% of the products aere exported onto the leaf surface for structure elucidation of unknown diterpenes
synthesis
agriculture
-
plant disease resistance macrocyclic diterpene hydrocarbons formed in response to fungal attack, antibiotic properties of phytoalexins as hypersensitive response of plants to invasion by potentially pathogenic microorganisms
synthesis
overexpression of truncated protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae demonstrates casbene production but also high levels of nerolidol and farnesol and mevalonate
synthesis
overexpression of truncated protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae demonstrates casbene production up to 26 mg/l
synthesis
overexpression of truncated protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae demonstrates casbene production up to 30 mg/l
synthesis
-
optimized Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression assay in Nicotiana benthamiana for plant diterpene synthase expression and product analysis. Expression of casbene synthases leads to the accumulation of diterpenes within 3 days of infiltration and with a maximum at 5 days. Over 50% of the products aere exported onto the leaf surface for structure elucidation of unknown diterpenes
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REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Dueber, M.T.; Adolf, W.; West, C.A.
Biosynthesis of diterpene phytoalexin casbene: partial purification and characterization of casbene synthetase from Rhizinus communis
Plant Physiol.
62
598-603
1978
Ricinus communis
brenda
Lee, S.C.; West, C.A.
Polygalacturonase from Rhizopus stolonifer, an elicitor of casbene synthetase activity in castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) seedlings
Plant Physiol.
67
633-639
1981
Ricinus communis
brenda
Lee, S.C.; West, C.A.
Properties of Rhizopus stolonifer polygalacturonase, an elicitor of casbene synthetase activity in castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) seedlings
Plant Physiol.
67
640-645
1981
Ricinus communis
brenda
Moesta, P.; West, C.A.
Casbene synthetase: regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis in Ricinus communis L. seedlings. Purification of casbene synthetase and regulation of its biosynthesis during elicitation
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
238
325-333
1985
Ricinus communis
brenda
Mau, C.J.D.; West, C.A.
Cloning of casbene synthase cDNA: evidence for conserved structural features among terpenoid cyclases in plants
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
91
8497-8501
1994
Ricinus communis, Ricinus communis (P59287)
brenda
Hill, A.M.; Cane, D.E.; Mau, C.J.; West, C.A.
High level expression of Ricinus communis casbene synthase in Escherichia coli and characterization of the recombinant enzyme
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
336
283-289
1996
Ricinus communis
brenda
Huang, K.; Huang, Q.; Scott, A.I.
Overexpression, single-step purification, and site-directed mutagenetic analysis of casbene synthase
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
352
144-152
1998
Ricinus communis
brenda
Huang, Q.; Huang, K.; Scott, A.I.
Enzymic syntheses of 13C-enriched geranylgeranyl diphosphate and casbene from 13C-labeled isopentenyl diphosphate
Tetrahedron Lett.
39
2033-2036
1998
Ricinus communis
-
brenda
Kirby, J.; Nishimoto, M.; Park, J.G.; Withers, S.T.; Nowroozi, F.; Behrendt, D.; Rutledge, E.J.; Fortman, J.L.; Johnson, H.E.; Anderson, J.V.; Keasling, J.D.
Cloning of casbene and neocembrene synthases from Euphorbiaceae plants and expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Phytochemistry
71
1466-1473
2010
Ricinus communis (B9RHX4), Ricinus communis, Triadica sebifera (D3JYA1), Euphorbia esula (D3JYA2)
brenda
Nakano, Y.; Ohtani, M.; Polsri, W.; Usami, T.; Sambongi, K.; Demura, T.
Characterization of the casbene synthase homolog from Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.)
Plant Biotechnol.
29
185-189
2012
Jatropha curcas (I7HHH7)
-
brenda
Brckner, K.; Tissier, A.
High-level diterpene production by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana
Plant Methods
9
46
2013
Nicotiana benthamiana
brenda
Li, C.; Ng, A.; Xie, L.; Mao, H.; Qiu, C.; Srinivasan, R.; Yin, Z.; Hong, Y.
Engineering low phorbol ester Jatropha curcas seed by intercepting casbene biosynthesis
Plant Cell Rep.
35
103-114
2016
Jatropha curcas (A0A0M4MTQ9), Jatropha curcas (I7HHH7), Jatropha curcas
brenda
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