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GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
guanosine 5'-O-(3-thio)triphosphate + H2O
guanosine 5'-diphosphate + thiophosphate
-
-
-
-
?
guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) + H2O
guanosine 5'-O-diphosphate + thiophosphate
MEK kinase 1 + H2O
?
-
RhoA binds and activates MEK kinase 1
-
-
?
p21-activated kinase 1 + H2O
activated p21-activated kinase 1 + ?
-
Gamide signals Rac/Cdc42 to activate p21-activated kinase 1
-
-
?
Rho-activated kinase + H2O
activated Rho-activated kinase + ?
-
Ggly signals Rac/Cdc42 to activate Rho-activated kinase
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
GTP + H2O

GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
the enzyme is involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport, mitotic spindle assembly and nuclear envelope formation. Nuclear import of Ran relies on a small RanGTP-binding protein, nuclear transport factor 2
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
Arabidopsis thaliana circadian clock is regulated by the small GTPase LIP1. LIP1 plays a unique negative role in controlling circadian light input and is required for precise entrainment of the plant
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
transport of precursor proteins across chloroplast membranes involves the GTPases Toc33/34 and Toc159 at the outer chloroplast envelope
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
assay at pH 7.8, 30°C, 30 min
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
increased rate of nucleotide dissociation by interaction with guanosine exchange factors that facilitates loading with GTP
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
increased rate of nucleotide dissociation by interaction with guanosine exchanges factors that facilitates loading with GTP
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
RHO-1 plays a role in hypodermal P cell migration to a ventral position during larval development
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
GTP binds to Der in a cooperative manner and the interruption of cooperative nucleotide association disrupts the interaction of Der with the 50S subunit
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
Rab11 plays a central role in the transport and secretion of pathogenic factors
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
unidirectional cycle in which exchange of GDP for GTP turns on a switch and GTP hydrolysis turns it off
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
GTP binds to Der in a cooperative manner and the interruption of cooperative nucleotide association disrupts the interaction of Der with the 50S subunit
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
unidirectional cycle in which exchange of GDP for GTP turns on a switch and GTP hydrolysis turns it off
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
Rac-1 coordinates changes in chondrocyte phenotype and function and stimulates the maturation process essential for skeletal development
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
GhRac1 GTPase may be a potential regulator of fiber elongation by controlling cytoskeletal assembly
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
657726, 659553, 696043, 696313, 696514, 696950, 697093, 697499, 700071, 720356, 733639 -
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
high affinity for GTP, significant GTPase activity
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
increased rate of nucleotide dissociation by interaction with guanosine exchange factors that facilitates loading with GTP
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
cycling between the active GTP bound and the inactive GDP bound state, slow GTPase activity
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
unidirectional cycle in which exchange of GDP for GTP turns on a switch and GTP hydrolysis turns it off
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
increased rate of nucleotide dissociation by interaction with guanosine exchanges factors that facilitates loading with GTP
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
Cdc42 causes formation of filopodia, which might be involved in the recognition of the extracellular environment
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
Rab21 has a role in the dynamics of the early endocytic pathway
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
Rab27a has a determinant role in melanocytes and lymphocytes, role in melanosome peripheral transfer, required for cytotoxic granule exocytosis
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
Rac1 promotes actin polymerization and the formation of lamellipodia of migrating cells
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
Rac1 regulates gene expression, cell cycle progression and rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton, Rac1 is ubiquitously expressed and regulates a wide variety of cellular processes
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
Rac2 may be responsible for the regulation of the oxidative burst in hematopoietic cells
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
Rac3 is ubiquitously expressed and regulates a wide variety of cellular processes
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
RhoA promotes actin-myosin contractility and, thereby, the formation of stress fibers and focal adhesions, regulating cell shape, attachment and motility
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
intrinsic GTPase reaction mechanism, biphasic reaction
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
nucleotide binding and hydrolysis properties, comparison with the properties of the Rac isoforms Rac1 and Rac2
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
nucleotide binding and hydrolysis properties, comparison with the properties of the Rac isoforms Rac1 and Rac3, Rac2 structure, altered dynamics of Rac2 at the switch I region may be responsible for the differing biochemical properties compared with Rac1 and 3
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
nucleotide binding and hydrolysis properties, comparison with the properties of the Rac isoforms Rac2 and Rac3, enzyme structure
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
Trp-73 is a key position for interaction with the specific effectors of Rab27a, both in melanocytes and cytotoxic cells, Trp-73 is essential for the intrinsic GTPase activity, Gln-78 may stabilize the catalytic transition state between switch I and II
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
RHEBL1 may play an important role in the NF-kappa B-mediated gene transcription
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
tuberous sclerosis complex TSC2 displays activity of a GTPase-activating protein specifically towards the small G protein Rheb and inhibits its ability to stimulate the mTOR signalling pathway
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
small GTPase Ral mediates SDF-1-induced migration of B cells and multiple myeloma cells
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
small GTPases Rab5 and RalA regulate intracellular traffic of P-glycoprotein. Altering the intracellular trafficking of P-glycoprotein by modulation of its small GTPase regulators can be potential strategy to overcome multidrug resistance, a major obstacle in cancer chemotherapy
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
small nuclear GTPase Ran controls the directionality of macromolecular transport between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Ran has important roles during mitosis, when the nucleus is reorganized to allow chromosome segregation. Ran directs the assembly of the mitotic spindle, nuclear-envelope dynamics and the timing of cell-cycle transitions
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
the small GTPase Rac plays a crucial role in activation of Nox2- and Nox1-based oxidases i all the possible combinations of the organizer p47phox or Noxo1 with the activator p67phox or Noxa1
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
two conformational states of Ras GTPase exhibit differential GTP-binding kinetics
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
enzyme Rheb contains a high basal GTP level
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
small nuclear GTPase Ran controls the directionality of macromolecular transport between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Ran has important roles during mitosis, when the nucleus is reorganized to allow chromosome segregation. Ran directs the assembly of the mitotic spindle, nuclear-envelope dynamics and the timing of cell-cycle transitions
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
two conformational states of Ras GTPase exhibit differential GTP-binding kinetics
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
unidirectional cycle in which exchange of GDP for GTP turns on a switch and GTP hydrolysis turns it off
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
acts on the intracellular membrane through the trafficking pathway
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
transport of precursor proteins across chloroplast membranes involves the GTPases Toc33/34 and Toc159 at the outer chloroplast envelope
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
small GTPase Rac-1 is a regulator of mesangial cell morphology and thrombospondin-1 expression
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
Rnd1 is involved in signaling pathways of neuronal activity-dependent dendritic development
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
Rho A-linked pathway important in the endothelin-1 signaling to c-fos SRC
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
increased rate of nucleotide dissociation by interaction with guanosine exchange factors that facilitates loading with GTP
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
slow time-dependent GTPase activity
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
increased rate of nucleotide dissociation by interaction with guanosine exchanges factors that facilitates loading with GTP
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
unidirectional cycle in which exchange of GDP for GTP turns on a switch and GTP hydrolysis turns it off
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
Rho3p and Rho4p are involved in regulating cell polarity by controlling polarized exocytosis. It is proposed that Wsc1p participates in the regulation of a Rho3/4-dependent cellular mechanism
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
GTP binds to Der in a cooperative manner and the interruption of cooperative nucleotide association disrupts the interaction of Der with the 50S subunit
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
GTP binds to Der in a cooperative manner and the interruption of cooperative nucleotide association disrupts the interaction of Der with the 50S subunit
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
nucleotide binding pocket and binding structures, overview
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
GTPase TcRho1 is required for differentiation of epimastigote to trypomastigote forms during the parasite cell cycle. TcRho1 plays a conserved regulatory role in cell-substrate adhesion in both NIH-3T3 fibroblasts and Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes. TcRho1 may regulate the substrate-adhesion in Trypanosoma cruzi,a critical step for successful progression of the parasite life cycle
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) + H2O

guanosine 5'-O-diphosphate + thiophosphate
-
poorly hydrolyzable, GTP[S]-activated Rac1 and Cdc42, but not RhoA, stimulate activity of phospholipase C-beta2 protein in complex with Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor protein LyGDL
-
?
guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) + H2O
guanosine 5'-O-diphosphate + thiophosphate
-
no detectable hydrolysis of GTP at the ARF domain p3, 35-40% of the GTP bound to ARD1 domain p8 hydrolyzed in 1 h at room temperature
-
?
guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) + H2O
guanosine 5'-O-diphosphate + thiophosphate
-
poorly hydrolyzable, GTP[S]-activated Rac1 and Cdc42, but not RhoA, stimulate activity of phospholipase C-beta2 protein in complex with Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor protein LyGDL
-
?
guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) + H2O
guanosine 5'-O-diphosphate + thiophosphate
-
-
-
-
?
additional information

?
-
-
role of small GTPases in endothelial cytoskeletal dynamics and the shear stress response
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
GTPase-mediated regulation of the unfolded protein response in Caenorhabditis elegans is dependent on the AAA+ ATPase CDC-48
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
small GTPase Rab2 functions in the removal of apoptotic cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Campylobacter jejuni invade host target cells by a unique mechanism and the activation of the Rho GTPase members Rac1 and Cdc42 play a crucial role in this entry process
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Rhb1 is involved in the cell wall integrity pathway via activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase Mkc1
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
p21-activated kinase Cla4 is a major downstream partner of Rac. Rac has strong effect on hyphal morphology
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
small GTPases are involved in chemotaxis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Rho1 activity is required for proper development of the circular visceral mesoderm upon which the gland migrates, Rho1 GTPase regulates salivary gland invagination by maintaining apical localization of Crumbs, Drosophila atypical protein kinase C and Stardust and that this occurs partially through regulation of Crumbs RNA level and apical localization of the transcript and by inducing apical constriction and cell shape change through Rho-kinase
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
crystal cell rupture after injury in Drosophila requires the JNK pathway, small GTPases and the TNF homolog Eiger
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
FgRac1 interacts with the PBD domain of FgCla4
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
A0A098E0E9
FgRac1 interacts with the PBD domain of FgCla4
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
FgRac1 interacts with the PBD domain of FgCla4
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
FgRac1 interacts with the PBD domain of FgCla4
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
FgRac1 interacts with the PBD domain of FgCla4
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
FgRac1 interacts with the PBD domain of FgCla4
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
FgRac1 interacts with the PBD domain of FgCla4
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
A0A098E0E9
FgRac1 interacts with the PBD domain of FgCla4
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
FgRac1 interacts with the PBD domain of FgCla4
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
FgRac1 interacts with the PBD domain of FgCla4
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
FgRac1 interacts with the PBD domain of FgCla4
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
FgRac1 interacts with the PBD domain of FgCla4
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
RASL11A is down-regulated in prostate tumors and may have a tumor suppressor role in prostate cancer
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
RASL11A is down-regulated in prostate tumors and may have a tumor suppressor role in prostate cancer
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Co-regulation of constitutive nitric oxide synthases and NADPH oxidase by the small GTPase Rac
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
small GTPase Rac is directly involved in activation of the superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase Nox1
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the Ral-exocyst pathway participates in the regulation of platelet dense granule secretion by enhancing the Ca2+ sensitivity of the secretion
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Rap1 plays a critical role in the regulation of beta1-integrin affinity, adhesion, and migration in endothelial cells and in postnatal neovascularization
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Rho and Rac play a role in the regulation cytoskeletal remodeling and EC barrier regulation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
RhoA activity is required for modulating cell migration and proliferation through cytoskeleton reorganization and focal adhesion formation in response to wounding
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
RhoA may serve as intermediary for functional receptor for thromboxane A2-signaling axis to regulate tumor cell motility
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
RhoH inhibits IkappaB degradation and acts as a specific negative regulator for Rac and RhoA-induced p38 activity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the small GTPase RhoH is an atypical regulator of haematopoietic cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
at least 3 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are direct targets of Rac1: MLK2, MLK3, and MEKK4
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
at least 3 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are direct targets of Rac1: MLK2, MLK3, and MEKK4
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
at least 3 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are direct targets of Rac1: MLK2, MLK3, and MEKK4
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
enzyme Rheb does not co-localize with microtubules but interacts with unpolymerized free alphabeta-tubulin, alphabeta-tubulin is a Rheb-binding protein. Rheb binds to deacetylated soluble alphabeta-tubulin
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
kinetic analysis of the GTPase nucleotide exchange reaction via homogeneous quenching resonance energy transfer assay, method development overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
kinetic analysis of the GTPase nucleotide exchange reaction via homogeneous quenching resonance energy transfer assay, method development overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
kinetic analysis of the GTPase nucleotide exchange reaction via homogeneous quenching resonance energy transfer assay, method development overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Knock down of Rab21 impairs integrin-mediated cell adhesion and motility, its overexpression stimulates cell migration and cancer cell adhesion to collagen and human bone
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, stimulation of lipolysis increases the association of Rab18 with lipid droplets, suggesting that recruitment of Rab18 is regulated by the metabolic state of individual lipid droplets
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Rab and Ral GTPases function in exocyst assembly and vesicle-tethering processes, whereas the Rho family of GTPases functions in the local activation of the exocyst complex to facilitate downstream vesicle-fusion events
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Rac GTPases play an important role in enucleation of mammalian erythroblasts
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Rac1 and Cdc42 are not required for differentiation and migration of neural crest cells, but are essential for mitotic activity and cell-cycle control in neural crest cell target structures
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Rac1 is a central regulator of rapid encoding of novel spatial information in vivo, Rac1 mutants display deficits in working/episodic-like memory in the delayed matching-to-place
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Rac2 selectively controls phagosomal alkalinization and antigen crosspresentation in CD8+ dendritic cells, Rac2 determines the subcellular assembly of the NADPH oxidase complex to phagosomes in CD8+ cells whereas in CD8- cells Rac1 mediates the assembly of NOX2 at the plasma membrane
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
RalA is a critical component in biphasic insulin release from pancreatic beta cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Rap1 plays a critical role in the regulation of beta1-integrin affinity, adhesion, and migration in endothelial cells and in postnatal neovascularization
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
RhoH inhibits IkappaB degradation and acts as a specific negative regulator for Rac and RhoA-induced p38 activity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the small GTPase RhoA is crucial for MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cell survival
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the small GTPase RhoH is an atypical regulator of haematopoietic cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Ras-related, small GTPases act as molecular switches that control a variety of cellular processes by cycling between alternative conformational states: in the active state, they are bound with GTP, and in the inactive state, they are bound with GDP. In their active state, GTPases recognize their target effector proteins and evoke responses until GTP hydrolysis returns the switch to the off position
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Ras-related, small GTPases act as molecular switches that control a variety of cellular processes by cycling between alternative conformational states: in the active state, they are bound with GTP, and in the inactive state, they are bound with GDP. In their active state, GTPases recognize their target effector proteins and evoke responses until GTP hydrolysis returns the switch to the off position
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additional information
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recombinant RhoA activity reduces Ba2+ currents through CaV2.1, CaV2.2 and CaV2.3 Ca2+ channels independently of CaVbeta subunit. This inhibition occurs independently of RGKs activity and without modification of biophysical properties and global level of expression of the channel subunit
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additional information
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Ras-related, small GTPases act as molecular switches that control a variety of cellular processes by cycling between alternative conformational states: in the active state, they are bound with GTP, and in the inactive state, they are bound with GDP. In their active state, GTPases recognize their target effector proteins and evoke responses until GTP hydrolysis returns the switch to the off position
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additional information
?
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Ras-related, small GTPases act as molecular switches that control a variety of cellular processes by cycling between alternative conformational states: in the active state, they are bound with GTP, and in the inactive state, they are bound with GDP. In their active state, GTPases recognize their target effector proteins and evoke responses until GTP hydrolysis returns the switch to the off position
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additional information
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interaction site of HsRac1 with p67phox, an essential component of the NADPH oxidase complex
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additional information
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RalA is a critical component in biphasic insulin release from pancreatic beta cells
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additional information
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Rho1p and its downstream regulatory pathways are involved in controlling cell size in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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additional information
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vacuole fusion assays
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additional information
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vacuole fusion assays
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additional information
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Alp41 GTPase interacts with cofactor C, but with cofactor D, Alp1D, only when bound to GDP
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additional information
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Alp41 GTPase interacts with cofactor C, but with cofactor D, Alp1D, only when bound to GDP
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additional information
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RhoA activity is required for modulating cell migration and proliferation through cytoskeleton reorganization and focal adhesion formation in response to wounding
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additional information
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the enzyme interacts with tubulin and co-localises to the flagellar pocket with BBS1 when this protein is overexpressed
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Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
p21-activated kinase 1 + H2O
activated p21-activated kinase 1 + ?
-
Gamide signals Rac/Cdc42 to activate p21-activated kinase 1
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-
?
Rho-activated kinase + H2O
activated Rho-activated kinase + ?
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Ggly signals Rac/Cdc42 to activate Rho-activated kinase
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?
additional information
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GTP + H2O

GDP + phosphate
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-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
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-
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ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
the enzyme is involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport, mitotic spindle assembly and nuclear envelope formation. Nuclear import of Ran relies on a small RanGTP-binding protein, nuclear transport factor 2
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?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
Arabidopsis thaliana circadian clock is regulated by the small GTPase LIP1. LIP1 plays a unique negative role in controlling circadian light input and is required for precise entrainment of the plant
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-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
transport of precursor proteins across chloroplast membranes involves the GTPases Toc33/34 and Toc159 at the outer chloroplast envelope
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-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
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ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
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ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
increased rate of nucleotide dissociation by interaction with guanosine exchanges factors that facilitates loading with GTP
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ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
RHO-1 plays a role in hypodermal P cell migration to a ventral position during larval development
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?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
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-
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?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
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-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
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-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
Rab11 plays a central role in the transport and secretion of pathogenic factors
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-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
unidirectional cycle in which exchange of GDP for GTP turns on a switch and GTP hydrolysis turns it off
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ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
unidirectional cycle in which exchange of GDP for GTP turns on a switch and GTP hydrolysis turns it off
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ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
Rac-1 coordinates changes in chondrocyte phenotype and function and stimulates the maturation process essential for skeletal development
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-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
GhRac1 GTPase may be a potential regulator of fiber elongation by controlling cytoskeletal assembly
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-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
high affinity for GTP, significant GTPase activity
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
cycling between the active GTP bound and the inactive GDP bound state, slow GTPase activity
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
unidirectional cycle in which exchange of GDP for GTP turns on a switch and GTP hydrolysis turns it off
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
increased rate of nucleotide dissociation by interaction with guanosine exchanges factors that facilitates loading with GTP
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
Cdc42 causes formation of filopodia, which might be involved in the recognition of the extracellular environment
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-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
Rab21 has a role in the dynamics of the early endocytic pathway
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-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
Rab27a has a determinant role in melanocytes and lymphocytes, role in melanosome peripheral transfer, required for cytotoxic granule exocytosis
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-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
Rac1 promotes actin polymerization and the formation of lamellipodia of migrating cells
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-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
Rac1 regulates gene expression, cell cycle progression and rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton, Rac1 is ubiquitously expressed and regulates a wide variety of cellular processes
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-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
Rac2 may be responsible for the regulation of the oxidative burst in hematopoietic cells
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-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
Rac3 is ubiquitously expressed and regulates a wide variety of cellular processes
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-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
RhoA promotes actin-myosin contractility and, thereby, the formation of stress fibers and focal adhesions, regulating cell shape, attachment and motility
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-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
RHEBL1 may play an important role in the NF-kappa B-mediated gene transcription
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-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
tuberous sclerosis complex TSC2 displays activity of a GTPase-activating protein specifically towards the small G protein Rheb and inhibits its ability to stimulate the mTOR signalling pathway
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-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
small GTPase Ral mediates SDF-1-induced migration of B cells and multiple myeloma cells
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-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
small GTPases Rab5 and RalA regulate intracellular traffic of P-glycoprotein. Altering the intracellular trafficking of P-glycoprotein by modulation of its small GTPase regulators can be potential strategy to overcome multidrug resistance, a major obstacle in cancer chemotherapy
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-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
small nuclear GTPase Ran controls the directionality of macromolecular transport between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Ran has important roles during mitosis, when the nucleus is reorganized to allow chromosome segregation. Ran directs the assembly of the mitotic spindle, nuclear-envelope dynamics and the timing of cell-cycle transitions
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-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
the small GTPase Rac plays a crucial role in activation of Nox2- and Nox1-based oxidases i all the possible combinations of the organizer p47phox or Noxo1 with the activator p67phox or Noxa1
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-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
enzyme Rheb contains a high basal GTP level
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-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
small nuclear GTPase Ran controls the directionality of macromolecular transport between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Ran has important roles during mitosis, when the nucleus is reorganized to allow chromosome segregation. Ran directs the assembly of the mitotic spindle, nuclear-envelope dynamics and the timing of cell-cycle transitions
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
unidirectional cycle in which exchange of GDP for GTP turns on a switch and GTP hydrolysis turns it off
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
acts on the intracellular membrane through the trafficking pathway
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
transport of precursor proteins across chloroplast membranes involves the GTPases Toc33/34 and Toc159 at the outer chloroplast envelope
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
small GTPase Rac-1 is a regulator of mesangial cell morphology and thrombospondin-1 expression
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
Rho A-linked pathway important in the endothelin-1 signaling to c-fos SRC
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
slow time-dependent GTPase activity
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
increased rate of nucleotide dissociation by interaction with guanosine exchanges factors that facilitates loading with GTP
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
unidirectional cycle in which exchange of GDP for GTP turns on a switch and GTP hydrolysis turns it off
-
ir
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
Rho3p and Rho4p are involved in regulating cell polarity by controlling polarized exocytosis. It is proposed that Wsc1p participates in the regulation of a Rho3/4-dependent cellular mechanism
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-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
additional information

?
-
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role of small GTPases in endothelial cytoskeletal dynamics and the shear stress response
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-
-
additional information
?
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GTPase-mediated regulation of the unfolded protein response in Caenorhabditis elegans is dependent on the AAA+ ATPase CDC-48
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-
-
additional information
?
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small GTPase Rab2 functions in the removal of apoptotic cells
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-
additional information
?
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Campylobacter jejuni invade host target cells by a unique mechanism and the activation of the Rho GTPase members Rac1 and Cdc42 play a crucial role in this entry process
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-
-
additional information
?
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Rhb1 is involved in the cell wall integrity pathway via activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase Mkc1
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-
-
additional information
?
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p21-activated kinase Cla4 is a major downstream partner of Rac. Rac has strong effect on hyphal morphology
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-
-
additional information
?
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small GTPases are involved in chemotaxis
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-
additional information
?
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Rho1 activity is required for proper development of the circular visceral mesoderm upon which the gland migrates, Rho1 GTPase regulates salivary gland invagination by maintaining apical localization of Crumbs, Drosophila atypical protein kinase C and Stardust and that this occurs partially through regulation of Crumbs RNA level and apical localization of the transcript and by inducing apical constriction and cell shape change through Rho-kinase
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-
-
additional information
?
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crystal cell rupture after injury in Drosophila requires the JNK pathway, small GTPases and the TNF homolog Eiger
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-
-
additional information
?
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RASL11A is down-regulated in prostate tumors and may have a tumor suppressor role in prostate cancer
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-
-
additional information
?
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RASL11A is down-regulated in prostate tumors and may have a tumor suppressor role in prostate cancer
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-
-
additional information
?
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Co-regulation of constitutive nitric oxide synthases and NADPH oxidase by the small GTPase Rac
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-
additional information
?
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small GTPase Rac is directly involved in activation of the superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase Nox1
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-
-
additional information
?
-
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the Ral-exocyst pathway participates in the regulation of platelet dense granule secretion by enhancing the Ca2+ sensitivity of the secretion
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-
additional information
?
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Rap1 plays a critical role in the regulation of beta1-integrin affinity, adhesion, and migration in endothelial cells and in postnatal neovascularization
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-
-
additional information
?
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-
Rho and Rac play a role in the regulation cytoskeletal remodeling and EC barrier regulation
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-
additional information
?
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-
RhoA activity is required for modulating cell migration and proliferation through cytoskeleton reorganization and focal adhesion formation in response to wounding
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-
-
additional information
?
-
-
RhoA may serve as intermediary for functional receptor for thromboxane A2-signaling axis to regulate tumor cell motility
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-
additional information
?
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RhoH inhibits IkappaB degradation and acts as a specific negative regulator for Rac and RhoA-induced p38 activity
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-
additional information
?
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the small GTPase RhoH is an atypical regulator of haematopoietic cells
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-
additional information
?
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at least 3 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are direct targets of Rac1: MLK2, MLK3, and MEKK4
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-
-
additional information
?
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at least 3 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are direct targets of Rac1: MLK2, MLK3, and MEKK4
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-
-
additional information
?
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at least 3 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are direct targets of Rac1: MLK2, MLK3, and MEKK4
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-
-
additional information
?
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enzyme Rheb does not co-localize with microtubules but interacts with unpolymerized free alphabeta-tubulin, alphabeta-tubulin is a Rheb-binding protein. Rheb binds to deacetylated soluble alphabeta-tubulin
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-
additional information
?
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Knock down of Rab21 impairs integrin-mediated cell adhesion and motility, its overexpression stimulates cell migration and cancer cell adhesion to collagen and human bone
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-
additional information
?
-
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in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, stimulation of lipolysis increases the association of Rab18 with lipid droplets, suggesting that recruitment of Rab18 is regulated by the metabolic state of individual lipid droplets
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-
additional information
?
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Rab and Ral GTPases function in exocyst assembly and vesicle-tethering processes, whereas the Rho family of GTPases functions in the local activation of the exocyst complex to facilitate downstream vesicle-fusion events
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-
additional information
?
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Rac GTPases play an important role in enucleation of mammalian erythroblasts
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-
additional information
?
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Rac1 and Cdc42 are not required for differentiation and migration of neural crest cells, but are essential for mitotic activity and cell-cycle control in neural crest cell target structures
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-
additional information
?
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Rac1 is a central regulator of rapid encoding of novel spatial information in vivo, Rac1 mutants display deficits in working/episodic-like memory in the delayed matching-to-place
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-
additional information
?
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Rac2 selectively controls phagosomal alkalinization and antigen crosspresentation in CD8+ dendritic cells, Rac2 determines the subcellular assembly of the NADPH oxidase complex to phagosomes in CD8+ cells whereas in CD8- cells Rac1 mediates the assembly of NOX2 at the plasma membrane
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-
additional information
?
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-
RalA is a critical component in biphasic insulin release from pancreatic beta cells
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-
-
additional information
?
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-
Rap1 plays a critical role in the regulation of beta1-integrin affinity, adhesion, and migration in endothelial cells and in postnatal neovascularization
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-
-
additional information
?
-
RhoH inhibits IkappaB degradation and acts as a specific negative regulator for Rac and RhoA-induced p38 activity
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-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the small GTPase RhoA is crucial for MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cell survival
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the small GTPase RhoH is an atypical regulator of haematopoietic cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Ras-related, small GTPases act as molecular switches that control a variety of cellular processes by cycling between alternative conformational states: in the active state, they are bound with GTP, and in the inactive state, they are bound with GDP. In their active state, GTPases recognize their target effector proteins and evoke responses until GTP hydrolysis returns the switch to the off position
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Ras-related, small GTPases act as molecular switches that control a variety of cellular processes by cycling between alternative conformational states: in the active state, they are bound with GTP, and in the inactive state, they are bound with GDP. In their active state, GTPases recognize their target effector proteins and evoke responses until GTP hydrolysis returns the switch to the off position
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Ras-related, small GTPases act as molecular switches that control a variety of cellular processes by cycling between alternative conformational states: in the active state, they are bound with GTP, and in the inactive state, they are bound with GDP. In their active state, GTPases recognize their target effector proteins and evoke responses until GTP hydrolysis returns the switch to the off position
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Ras-related, small GTPases act as molecular switches that control a variety of cellular processes by cycling between alternative conformational states: in the active state, they are bound with GTP, and in the inactive state, they are bound with GDP. In their active state, GTPases recognize their target effector proteins and evoke responses until GTP hydrolysis returns the switch to the off position
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
interaction site of HsRac1 with p67phox, an essential component of the NADPH oxidase complex
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
RalA is a critical component in biphasic insulin release from pancreatic beta cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Rho1p and its downstream regulatory pathways are involved in controlling cell size in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Alp41 GTPase interacts with cofactor C, but with cofactor D, Alp1D, only when bound to GDP
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Alp41 GTPase interacts with cofactor C, but with cofactor D, Alp1D, only when bound to GDP
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
RhoA activity is required for modulating cell migration and proliferation through cytoskeleton reorganization and focal adhesion formation in response to wounding
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme interacts with tubulin and co-localises to the flagellar pocket with BBS1 when this protein is overexpressed
-
-
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
(2E)-2-[(2,5-dimethyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)methylidene][1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazol-3(2H)-one
inhibition of GEF-Rac1 interaction (selective for Trio)
2-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-5-[(5-[[7-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]sulfanyl]pentyl)oxy]-4H-pyran-4-one
inhibition of Rac1 nucleotide binding possiblly using an allosteric mechanism
2-amino-8-hydroxy-9-[3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentyl]-5,9-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one
inhibition of Rac1-dependent NADPH oxidase activity
3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[4-(piperidin-1-ylsulfonyl)phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide
inhibition of GEF-Rac1 interaction (Tiam1, Trio, and Vav2), the compound inhibits lamellipodia formation and smooth muscle cell migration
3-([(2E)-2-cyano-3-(4-methoxy-3-[(naphthalen-1-ylcarbonyl)oxy]phenyl)prop-2-enoyl]amino)benzoic acid
5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoylguanosine
-
irreversible substrate analogue-binding
5-(3-chloro-4-[(3-fluorobenzyl)oxy]-5-methoxybenzyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione
5-chloro-3-(2-oxo-2-(4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid
9-methoxy-5-(3-nitrophenyl)-2-phenyl-3,10b-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-c][1,3]benzoxazine
inhibition of effector-Rac1 interaction (p67phox)
atorvastatin
-
marketed as Lipitor, i.e. [R-(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-beta,delta-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid, inhibits RhoA activity by reducing Rho geranylgeranylation
Calmodulin
-
binding of calmodulin to GST-immobilized Kir/Gem peptide inhibits GTP binding
cerivastatin
-
marketed as Baycol/Lipobay, i.e. (E,3R,5S)-7-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(methoxymethyl)-2,6-dipropan-2-yl-pyridin-3-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-hept-6-enoic acid, RhoA inhibitor
Clostridium botulinum exoenzyme C3
-
EDTA
inhibits nucleotide binding to Ras; inhibits nucleotide binding to Ras; inhibits nucleotide binding to Ras
ethyl ([2-(2-methoxy-4-((Z)-[1-(4-methylphenyl)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-5(2H)-ylidene]methyl)phenoxy)ethyl]sulfanyl)acetate
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
-
binding of GTP completely abolished
GTPase activating protein
-
-
-
GTPgammaS
-
Arl6 is competitively inhibited by the increasing concentrations of non-radioactive GTPgammaS
guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor GDI
-
lovastatin
-
marketed as Mevacor, i.e. 8-[2-(4-hydroxy-6-oxo-oxan-2-yl)ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-[hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]2-methylbutanoate
N-(2-acetylphenyl)-4-([2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoyl]amino)benzamide
N-(2-chlorobenzyl)-N-[[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]carbamoyl]-L-alanine
-
Rho toxin from Clostridium botulinum, ADP-ribosylates and specifically inactivates rho-1
N-[4-methoxy-3-(piperidin-1-ylsulfonyl)phenyl]-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide
inhibition of GEF-Rac1 interaction (Tiam1)
N4-(9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-N2-[3-(morpholin-4-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-2,4-diamine
inhibition of GEF-Rac1 interaction (selective for Vav2)
N6-(2-[[5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino]-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)-2-methylquinoline-4,6-diamine
a selective inhibitor for Rac1. The small molecule fits into the surface groove of Rac1 involved in the binding with GEFs, thus interfering with the Tiam1-Rac1 interaction
p21 activated kinase
PAK, inhibits nucleotide dissociation from enzyme; PAK, inhibits nucleotide dissociation from enzyme
-
Rap1Gap
-
the GTPase activating protein catalyzes the hydrolysis of GTP by its asparagine side chain rendering Rap1 inactive
-
simvastatin
-
marketed as Zocor, i.e. [(1S,3R,7R,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-oxan-2-yl]ethyl]3.7-dimethyl]-1,2,3,7,8,8a-[hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]2,2-dimethylbutanoate
statin
improves redox state in saphenous vein grafts in patients undergoing to coronary artery bypass grafting by inhibiting Rac1-mediated activation of NADPH oxidase
Yersinia outer protein T
-
Yersinia outer protein T is a cysteine protease that cleaves Rho protein directly upstream of the post-translationally modified cysteine, thereby releasing the GTPase from the membrane leading to inactivation, farnesylated RhoA is a preferred substrate of Yersinia outer protein T compared with the geranylgeranylated GTPase, geranylgeranylated RhoA, however, is the preferred substrate for Yersinia outer protein T-catalyzed cleavage with a 3fold faster turnover rate over Rac and Cdc42
-
3-([(2E)-2-cyano-3-(4-methoxy-3-[(naphthalen-1-ylcarbonyl)oxy]phenyl)prop-2-enoyl]amino)benzoic acid

the compound is both biologically active against bacterial cells and a putative enzymatic inhibitor of Der GTPase homologue
3-([(2E)-2-cyano-3-(4-methoxy-3-[(naphthalen-1-ylcarbonyl)oxy]phenyl)prop-2-enoyl]amino)benzoic acid
the compound is both biologically active against bacterial cells and a putative enzymatic inhibitor of Der GTPase homologue
3-([(2E)-2-cyano-3-(4-methoxy-3-[(naphthalen-1-ylcarbonyl)oxy]phenyl)prop-2-enoyl]amino)benzoic acid
-
the compound is both biologically active against bacterial cells and a putative enzymatic inhibitor of Der GTPase homologue
3-([(2E)-2-cyano-3-(4-methoxy-3-[(naphthalen-1-ylcarbonyl)oxy]phenyl)prop-2-enoyl]amino)benzoic acid
the compound is both biologically active against bacterial cells and a putative enzymatic inhibitor of Der GTPase homologue
5-(3-chloro-4-[(3-fluorobenzyl)oxy]-5-methoxybenzyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione

-
5-(3-chloro-4-[(3-fluorobenzyl)oxy]-5-methoxybenzyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione
-
5-(3-chloro-4-[(3-fluorobenzyl)oxy]-5-methoxybenzyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione
-
-
5-(3-chloro-4-[(3-fluorobenzyl)oxy]-5-methoxybenzyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione
-
5-chloro-3-(2-oxo-2-(4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

the compound is both biologically active against bacterial cells and a putative enzymatic inhibitor of Der GTPase homologue
5-chloro-3-(2-oxo-2-(4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid
the compound is both biologically active against bacterial cells and a putative enzymatic inhibitor of Der GTPase homologue
5-chloro-3-(2-oxo-2-(4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid
-
the compound is both biologically active against bacterial cells and a putative enzymatic inhibitor of Der GTPase homologue
5-chloro-3-(2-oxo-2-(4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid
the compound is both biologically active against bacterial cells and a putative enzymatic inhibitor of Der GTPase homologue
Clostridium botulinum exoenzyme C3

-
specific inhibitor
-
Clostridium botulinum exoenzyme C3
-
specific inhibitor
-
ethyl ([2-(2-methoxy-4-((Z)-[1-(4-methylphenyl)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-5(2H)-ylidene]methyl)phenoxy)ethyl]sulfanyl)acetate

-
ethyl ([2-(2-methoxy-4-((Z)-[1-(4-methylphenyl)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-5(2H)-ylidene]methyl)phenoxy)ethyl]sulfanyl)acetate
-
ethyl ([2-(2-methoxy-4-((Z)-[1-(4-methylphenyl)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-5(2H)-ylidene]methyl)phenoxy)ethyl]sulfanyl)acetate
-
-
ethyl ([2-(2-methoxy-4-((Z)-[1-(4-methylphenyl)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-5(2H)-ylidene]methyl)phenoxy)ethyl]sulfanyl)acetate
-
GDP

-
inhibition of binding of GTP[S], Ki: ca. 0.001 mM
GDP
the activation state of Rac1 depends on the release of guanosine diphosphate and the binding of guanosine triphosphate. This cycling is regulated by the guanine nucleotide exchange factors, as activators, and by the GTPase activating proteins; the activation state of Rac1 depends on the release of guanosine diphosphate and the binding of guanosine triphosphate. This cycling is regulated by the guanine nucleotide exchange factors, as activators, and by the GTPase activating proteins; the activation state of Rac1 depends on the release of guanosine diphosphate and the binding of guanosine triphosphate. This cycling is regulated by the guanine nucleotide exchange factors, as activators, and by the GTPase activating proteins
GTP

-
inhibition of GTP[S]-binding at increasing concentrations
GTP
-
competitive inhibition of GTPase activity
guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor GDI

-
-
-
guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor GDI
-
inhibits the dissociation of GDP from and the binding of GTP to rhoB p20
-
guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor GDI
-
down-regulating GTPase activity, inhibition of nucleotide dissociation
-
guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor GDI
-
-
-
guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor GDI
-
down-regulating GTPase activity, inhibition of nucleotide dissociation
-
guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor GDI
-
down-regulating GTPase activity, inhibition of nucleotide dissociation
-
N-(2-acetylphenyl)-4-([2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoyl]amino)benzamide

the compound is both biologically active against bacterial cells and a putative enzymatic inhibitor of Der GTPase homologue
N-(2-acetylphenyl)-4-([2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoyl]amino)benzamide
the compound is both biologically active against bacterial cells and a putative enzymatic inhibitor of Der GTPase homologue
N-(2-acetylphenyl)-4-([2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoyl]amino)benzamide
-
the compound is both biologically active against bacterial cells and a putative enzymatic inhibitor of Der GTPase homologue
N-(2-acetylphenyl)-4-([2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoyl]amino)benzamide
the compound is both biologically active against bacterial cells and a putative enzymatic inhibitor of Der GTPase homologue
NSC23766

-
not very potent inhibitor of Rac1 and Cdc42
NSC23766
-
a small molecule antagonist of Rac activation
NSC23766
-
Rac-specific inhibitor
Rap1GAP1

-
a GTPase-activating protein that inhibits Rap1 activity
-
Rap1GAP1
-
a GTPase-activating protein that inhibits Rap1 activity
-
additional information

-
exposure of confluent lung endothelial cell monolayers to wild type Pseudomonase aeruginosa strain PAK causes a significant decrease in Rac1 activity within 10 min
-
additional information
structure-based design of enzyme Der inhibitors using the X-ray crystal structure of Thermotoga maritima Der, computer-aided pharmacophore modeling. Analysis of the interactions of the inhibitory compounds with the Der GTP-binding site to understand the mechanism of inhibition. No or poor inhibition by 3-[(4Z)-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-([5-(2-methyl-5-nitrophenyl)furan-2-yl]methylidene)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid, 3-[(4Z)-4-([5-(3-acetylphenyl)furan-2-yl]methylidene)-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid, 2-((Z)-[3-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-ylidene]methyl)benzoic acid, (4E)-4-(2-[2-(3-methoxyphenoxy)ethoxy]benzylidene)-1-phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione, 3,4-bis([(3,4-dimethylphenoxy)acetyl]amino)benzoic acid, 2-(5,5-dimethyl-3-methylidenehexyl)-1-methyl-5-(3-adamantylbutyl)-3-propylbenzene, and 2-(3-([((2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)sulfanyl]methyl)-5-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-N,N-dimethylethanamine
-
additional information
structure-based design of enzyme Der inhibitors using the X-ray crystal structure of Thermotoga maritima Der, computer-aided pharmacophore modeling. Analysis of the interactions of the inhibitory compounds with the Der GTP-binding site to understand the mechanism of inhibition. No or poor inhibition by 3-[(4Z)-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-([5-(2-methyl-5-nitrophenyl)furan-2-yl]methylidene)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid, 3-[(4Z)-4-([5-(3-acetylphenyl)furan-2-yl]methylidene)-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid, 2-((Z)-[3-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-ylidene]methyl)benzoic acid, (4E)-4-(2-[2-(3-methoxyphenoxy)ethoxy]benzylidene)-1-phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione, 3,4-bis([(3,4-dimethylphenoxy)acetyl]amino)benzoic acid, 2-(5,5-dimethyl-3-methylidenehexyl)-1-methyl-5-(3-adamantylbutyl)-3-propylbenzene, and 2-(3-([((2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)sulfanyl]methyl)-5-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-N,N-dimethylethanamine
-
additional information
-
regulation of Cdc42 activity; regulation of Rac1 activity; regulation of RhoA activity
-
additional information
accumulation of acetylated alpha-tubulin by TSA treatment decreases the phosphorylation level of S6K1
-
additional information
three categories of selective Rac1 inhibitors affect different steps of the GTP/GDP pathway of enzyme activation: antagonists of Rac1-guanine nucleotide exchange factor interaction, allosteric inhibitors of nucleotide binding to Rac1, and antagonists of Rac1-mediated NADPH oxidase activity; three categories of selective Rac1 inhibitors affect different steps of the GTP/GDP pathway of enzyme activation: antagonists of Rac1-guanine nucleotide exchange factor interaction, allosteric inhibitors of nucleotide binding to Rac1, and antagonists of Rac1-mediated NADPH oxidase activity; three categories of selective Rac1 inhibitors affect different steps of the GTP/GDP pathway of enzyme activation: antagonists of Rac1-guanine nucleotide exchange factor interaction, allosteric inhibitors of nucleotide binding to Rac1, and antagonists of Rac1-mediated NADPH oxidase activity
-
additional information
three categories of selective Rac1 inhibitors affect different steps of the GTP/GDP pathway of enzyme activation: antagonists of Rac1-guanine nucleotide exchange factor interaction, allosteric inhibitors of nucleotide binding to Rac1, and antagonists of Rac1-mediated NADPH oxidase activity; three categories of selective Rac1 inhibitors affect different steps of the GTP/GDP pathway of enzyme activation: antagonists of Rac1-guanine nucleotide exchange factor interaction, allosteric inhibitors of nucleotide binding to Rac1, and antagonists of Rac1-mediated NADPH oxidase activity; three categories of selective Rac1 inhibitors affect different steps of the GTP/GDP pathway of enzyme activation: antagonists of Rac1-guanine nucleotide exchange factor interaction, allosteric inhibitors of nucleotide binding to Rac1, and antagonists of Rac1-mediated NADPH oxidase activity
-
additional information
three categories of selective Rac1 inhibitors affect different steps of the GTP/GDP pathway of enzyme activation: antagonists of Rac1-guanine nucleotide exchange factor interaction, allosteric inhibitors of nucleotide binding to Rac1, and antagonists of Rac1-mediated NADPH oxidase activity; three categories of selective Rac1 inhibitors affect different steps of the GTP/GDP pathway of enzyme activation: antagonists of Rac1-guanine nucleotide exchange factor interaction, allosteric inhibitors of nucleotide binding to Rac1, and antagonists of Rac1-mediated NADPH oxidase activity; three categories of selective Rac1 inhibitors affect different steps of the GTP/GDP pathway of enzyme activation: antagonists of Rac1-guanine nucleotide exchange factor interaction, allosteric inhibitors of nucleotide binding to Rac1, and antagonists of Rac1-mediated NADPH oxidase activity
-
additional information
Rab proteins are members of the Ras superfamily of GTPases that switch between GDP-bound (inactive) and GTP-bound (active) forms
-
additional information
most RhoGTPases bind to chaperones, called guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (RhoGDIs), which are cytosolic proteins that lack enzymatic activity. GDIs retain RhoGTPases in the inactive conformation, sequester them from cellular membranes and protect the GTPase from effector binding and proteolytic degradation; most RhoGTPases bind to chaperones, called guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (RhoGDIs), which are cytosolic proteins that lack enzymatic activity. GDIs retain RhoGTPases in the inactive conformation, sequester them from cellular membranes and protect the GTPase from effector binding and proteolytic degradation; most RhoGTPases bind to chaperones, called guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (RhoGDIs), which are cytosolic proteins that lack enzymatic activity. GDIs retain RhoGTPases in the inactive conformation, sequester them from cellular membranes and protect the GTPase from effector binding and proteolytic degradation
-
additional information
-
RhoE downregulates the activity of RhoA by activating p190RhoGAP
-
additional information
-
RhoA- or ROCK-induced inhibitions are partially relieved upon incubation of the oocytes with the ROCK inhibitor Y27632
-
additional information
-
structure-based design of enzyme Der inhibitors using the X-ray crystal structure of Thermotoga maritima Der, computer-aided pharmacophore modeling. Analysis of the interactions of the inhibitory compounds with the Der GTP-binding site to understand the mechanism of inhibition. No or poor inhibition by 3-[(4Z)-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-([5-(2-methyl-5-nitrophenyl)furan-2-yl]methylidene)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid, 3-[(4Z)-4-([5-(3-acetylphenyl)furan-2-yl]methylidene)-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid, 2-((Z)-[3-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-ylidene]methyl)benzoic acid, (4E)-4-(2-[2-(3-methoxyphenoxy)ethoxy]benzylidene)-1-phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione, 3,4-bis([(3,4-dimethylphenoxy)acetyl]amino)benzoic acid, 2-(5,5-dimethyl-3-methylidenehexyl)-1-methyl-5-(3-adamantylbutyl)-3-propylbenzene, and 2-(3-([((2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)sulfanyl]methyl)-5-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-N,N-dimethylethanamine
-
additional information
structure-based design of enzyme Der inhibitors using the X-ray crystal structure of Thermotoga maritima Der, computer-aided pharmacophore modeling. Analysis of the interactions of the inhibitory compounds with the Der GTP-binding site to understand the mechanism of inhibition. No or poor inhibition by 3-[(4Z)-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-([5-(2-methyl-5-nitrophenyl)furan-2-yl]methylidene)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid, 3-[(4Z)-4-([5-(3-acetylphenyl)furan-2-yl]methylidene)-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid, 2-((Z)-[3-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-ylidene]methyl)benzoic acid, (4E)-4-(2-[2-(3-methoxyphenoxy)ethoxy]benzylidene)-1-phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione, 3,4-bis([(3,4-dimethylphenoxy)acetyl]amino)benzoic acid, 2-(5,5-dimethyl-3-methylidenehexyl)-1-methyl-5-(3-adamantylbutyl)-3-propylbenzene, and 2-(3-([((2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)sulfanyl]methyl)-5-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-N,N-dimethylethanamine
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
alphabeta-tubulin
soluble alphabeta-tubulin acts as a constitutively active Rheb activator that performs direct Rheb-binding, the deacetylated form has a high binding affinity for Rheb. Deacetylated soluble tubulin has a positive role in Rheb function by increasing the GTP-bound Rheb levels. Overexpression of alpha-tubulin K40A increases Rheb-induced S6K1 phosphorylation
-
angiotensin II
stimulates Rac1 as cardiovascular stimulus
C3G guanine nucleotide exchange factor
-
-
-
CalDAG-GEF
-
a guanine nucleotide exchange factor
-
CAPRI
-
a member of the GAP1 family of GTPase-activating proteins, GAPs, for small G proteins functioning as an amplitude sensor for intracellular Ca2+ levels stimulated by extracellular signals. It has a catalytic domain with dual Ras-GAP and RapGAP activities, and acts as dimer and monomer. CAPRI switches between its two GAP activities, RasGAP and Rap1GAP, mechanism, overview. Structure and activity of the C-terminal tail of Mus musclus CAPRI, activities on endogenous Rap1 in vivo of the recombinant full-length and C-terminal part of murine CAPRI in CHO cells, overview. Wild-type and monomeric CAPRI translocate to the plasma membrane similarly, but monomers are stronger RasGAPs at the membrane level
-
Cdc42
-
activation of Rac
-
cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1
-
Ect2cat
RhoA activation
-
endothelin-1
stimulates Rac1 as cardiovascular stimulus
Epidermal growth factor
stimulates Rac1 as cardiovascular stimulus
exoenzyme S
-
arginine 146 essential for the stimulation of GTPase activity
-
farnesylthiosalicylic acid
-
markedly enhances RhoA level and activity
forskolin
-
the adenylyl cyclase activator strongly and specifically activates Rap1 in microvascular smooth muscle cells
geranylgeranyl transferase I
-
RhoA is activated by geranylgeranylation, which promotes its membrane anchoring, the geranylgeranyl transferase I inhibitor GGTI-2166to is used to inhibit geranylgeranylation
-
GTP
the activation state of Rac1 depends on the release of guanosine diphosphate and the binding of guanosine triphosphate. This cycling is regulated by the guanine nucleotide exchange factors, as activators, and by the GTPase activating proteins; the activation state of Rac1 depends on the release of guanosine diphosphate and the binding of guanosine triphosphate. This cycling is regulated by the guanine nucleotide exchange factors, as activators, and by the GTPase activating proteins; the activation state of Rac1 depends on the release of guanosine diphosphate and the binding of guanosine triphosphate. This cycling is regulated by the guanine nucleotide exchange factors, as activators, and by the GTPase activating proteins. The activation process of Rac1 combines the GDP/GTP switch, catalyzed by GEF and GAP, with a cytosol/membrane alternation, regulated by GDI and protein prenylation, detailed overview
GTPase activating protein GAP
-
guanidine nucleotide exchange protein
-
activates. Activated Ras then stimulates Raf, mitogen-activatde protein kinase cascades
-
guanine nucleotide exchange factor
-
-
-
guanine nucleotide exchange factor Epac
-
guanine nucleotide exchange factor GEF
-
guanine nucleotide exchange factors
GEF, GTP-binding to small GTPases is catalyzed by GEFs, Trp71 of Rac1 is a critical site for the discrimination of a subset of GEF, including Tiam1 and Trio
-
heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor
-
Insulin-like growth factor
stimulates Rac1 as cardiovascular stimulus
-
interleukin 1beta
stimulates Rac1 as cardiovascular stimulus
-
melanophilin
-
Rab27a effector
-
nucleoside diphosphate kinase
-
truncated 12-kDa form, builds complex with Pra with increased GTP and dGTP synthesis activity and decreased CTP and UTP or dCTP and dUTP synthesis activity relative to their synthesis by uncomplexed Ndk
-
nucleoside diphosphate kinase-2
-
EC 2.7.4.6
-
p21-activated kinase 1
-
interacts with Rac and Cdc42
-
PDZ-GEF1
-
a guanine nucleotide exchange factor
-
PDZ-GEF2
-
a guanine nucleotide exchange factor
-
platelet derived growth factor
-
Rac activation, assembly of actin filaments
-
platelet-derived growth factor
stimulates Rac1 as cardiovascular stimulus
-
PLCepsilon
-
a guanine nucleotide exchange factor
-
Prorenin
stimulates Rac1 as cardiovascular stimulus
-
pyruvate kinase
-
builds complex with Pra with specific GTP synthesis activity
Rac
-
activation of Rho, cross-talk between Ras- and Rho subfamilies
-
Rac-specific GEF Tiam1
activates Rac3, but less efficiently than the Rac isoform Rac2; stimulates the GDP exchange reaction, increases the GDP dissociation rate, activates Rac1 less efficiently than Rac2; stimulates the GDP exchange reaction, increases the GDP dissociation rate, activates Rac2 more efficiently than the Rac isoforms Rac1 and Rac3
-
Ras
-
cross-talk between Ras- and Rho subfamilies, activation of Rac
-
RasGRP2
-
a guanine nucleotide exchange factor
-
SOS980-989 peptide
the recombinant SOS980-989 peptide contains the H-Ras-SOScat interaction contact region, which is known to be able to compete with SOScat for binding to H-Ras; the recombinant SOS980-989 peptide contains the H-Ras-SOScat interaction contact region, which is known to be able to compete with SOScat for binding to H-Ras
-
SOScat
activation of Ras; activation of Ras
-
sphingosine 1 phosphate
stimulates Rac1 as cardiovascular stimulus
T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis factor 1
Tiam1, a GEF, structure analysis in complex with Rac1, specific site of GEF-Rac1 interaction, in particular Trp71
-
Tbc1/cofactor C
acts as a GTPase-activating protein, GAP, in regulating GTPase Alp41/Arl2. Tbc1 and Alp41 directly interact. Tbc1 is the orthologue of cofactor C and is able to form a supercomplex with Alp1D and Alp21E. Temperature-sensitive mutants of tbc1 show loss of microtubules. If Tbc1 loses its GAP activity as in the tbc1-11 mutant, Alp41 will no longer be converted from its active, GTP-bound state to the inactive, GDP-bound state
-
TGF-beta1
TGF-beta1 activates Rap1 through cAMP and Epac1/Epac2. 2',5-dideoxyadenosine is an inhibitor of adenlyate cyclase on Rap1 activity; TGF-beta1 activates Rap1 through cAMP and Epac1/Epac2. 2',5-dideoxyadenosine is an inhibitor of adenlyate cyclase on Rap1 activity
-
thrombin
stimulates Rac1 as cardiovascular stimulus
-
tumor necrosis factor-alpha
stimulates Rac1 as cardiovascular stimulus
-
U46619
-
small GTPase RhoA is activated by the activation of functional receptors for thromboxane A2 like U46619
UNC-73
-
Trio-like guanine nucleotide exchange factor encoded by unc-73, acts as an activator of RHO-1 in the migration process, the UNC-73 GEF2 domain may have the exchange activity on RHO-1 in vivo
-
vascular endothelial growth factor
stimulates Rac1 as cardiovascular stimulus
-
cAMP

-
-
cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1

-
activation of Rho proteins by the cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1) from Escherichia coli, while the isomeric cytotoxicnecrotizing factor from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (CNFy) drives GTP-loading of basal RhoB but fails tocause activation of the rhoB promoter and thus its expression. CNF1 inhibits cytokinesis and induces the formation of bi-nucleated (tetraploid) cells. Cytotoxic-necrotizing factors encompass a class of auto-transporter toxins produced by Escherichia coli (CNF1-3) or Yersiniapseudotuberculosis (CNFy). CNF1 deamidates Gln63 in RhoA. CNF1-induced RhoB response depends on the deamidation of Rho proteins
-
cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1
activation of Rho proteins by the cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1) from Escherichia coli, while the isomeric cytotoxicnecrotizing factor from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (CNFy) drives GTP-loading of basal RhoB but fails to cause activation of the rhoB promoter and thus its expression. CNF1 inhibits cytokinesis and induces the formation of bi-nucleated (tetraploid) cells. Cytotoxic-necrotizing factors encompass a class of auto-transporter toxins produced by Escherichia coli (CNF1-3) or Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (CNFy). CNF1 specifically deamidates RhoA. CNF1-induced RhoB response depends on the deamidation of Rho proteins
-
diacylglycerol

-
-
GTPase activating protein GAP

-
for Ras-related proteins, stimulates intrinsic GTPase reaction
-
GTPase activating protein GAP
-
specific for rhoB p20
-
GTPase activating protein GAP
-
stimulating intrinsic GTPase acitivity
-
GTPase activating protein GAP
-
complex formation with Ran, stimulates intrinsic GTPase activity
-
GTPase activating protein GAP
-
RhoGAP
-
GTPase activating protein GAP
-
-
-
GTPase activating protein GAP
-
RhoGAP, up to 1000fold activation of GTPase
-
GTPase activating protein GAP
-
no stimulation of GTP hydrolysis
-
GTPase activating protein GAP
-
Rap2-GAP, stimulation of both Rap1 and Rap2 proteins
-
GTPase activating protein GAP
-
for Ras-related proteins, stimulates intrinsic GTPase reaction
-
GTPase activating protein GAP
-
p190, binding to and activation of RhoA and cdc42
-
GTPase activating protein GAP
-
Rap-GAP in neutrophil cytosol, increased rate of GTP hydrolysis
-
GTPase activating protein GAP
-
stimulating intrinsic GTPase acitivity
-
GTPase activating protein GAP
-
stimulating intrinsic GTPase acitivity
-
GTPase activating protein GAP
-
stimulating intrinsic GTPase acitivity
-
GTPase activating protein GAP
-
specific for Rab3 subfamiliy
-
GTPase activating protein GAP
-
for Ras-related proteins, stimulates intrinsic GTPase reaction
-
GTPase activating protein GAP
-
specific for rhoB p20
-
GTPase activating protein GAP
-
stimulating intrinsic GTPase acitivity
-
GTPase activating protein GAP
-
Gyp1p, Gyp7p, specificity for Ypt/Rab GTPases, enhancement of intrinsic GTP hydrolysis rate
-
GTPase activating protein GAP
-
complex formation with Ran, stimulates intrinsic GTPase activity
-
GTPase activating protein GAP
-
-
-
GTPase activating protein GAP
-
stimulating intrinsic GTPase acitivity
-
GTPase activating protein GAP
-
-
-
guanine nucleotide exchange factor Epac

-
specifically increases Rap1 activity
-
guanine nucleotide exchange factor Epac
-
specifically increases Rap1 activity
-
guanine nucleotide exchange factor GEF

-
facilitates loading with GTP
-
guanine nucleotide exchange factor GEF
-
activation of RhoGTPases through direct protein-protein interaction
-
guanine nucleotide exchange factor GEF
-
facilitates loading with GTP
-
guanine nucleotide exchange factor GEF
-
-
-
guanine nucleotide exchange factor GEF
-
facilitates loading with GTP
-
guanine nucleotide exchange factor GEF
-
activation of RhoGTPases through direct protein-protein interaction
-
guanine nucleotide exchange factor GEF
-
facilitates loading with GTP
-
guanine nucleotide exchange factor GEF
-
-
-
heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor

-
induces rapid and strong RhoA activation
-
heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor
-
induces rapid and strong RhoA activation
-
Insulin

-
activation of Rac, assembly of actin filaments
-
Insulin
-
RalA is activated upon insulin stimulation in a dose-dependent manner
-
lysophosphatidic acid

-
induces rapid and strong RhoA activation
lysophosphatidic acid
stimulates Rac1 as cardiovascular stimulus
lysophosphatidic acid
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activation of Rho, assembly of contractile actin-myosin filaments and focal adhesion complexes
lysophosphatidic acid
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induces rapid and strong RhoA activation
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exposure of confluent lung endothelial cell monolayers to wild type Pseudomonase aeruginosa strain PAK causes a significant increase in RhoA activity within 10 min
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the recruited CFP-tagged RhoA on the parasitophorous vacuole membrane cannot be activated by epithelial growth factor and no translocation is observed, unlike the unassociated RhoA in the host cell cytosol that migrates to the cell membrane towards the epithelial growth factor activation spot
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the recruited CFP-tagged RhoA on the parasitophorous vacuole membrane cannot be activated by epithelial growth factor and no translocation is observed, unlike the unassociated RhoA in the host cell cytosol that migrates to the cell membrane towards the epithelial growth factor activation spot
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regulation of Cdc42 activity; regulation of Rac1 activity; regulation of RhoA activity
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Ras inhibition and downregulation is expected to enhance RhoA activity
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some of the amino acids that are crucial for GTPase activity are mutated in RhoH so that the protein is a GTPase-deficient, so-called atypical Rho GTPase. Other mechanisms of regulating RhoH activity include regulation at the mRNA level and tyrosine phosphorylation of the protein's unique ITAM-like motif. The C-terminal CaaX box of RhoH is mainly a target for farnesyl-transferase but can also be modified by geranylgeranyltransferase. Isoprenylation of RhoH and changes in subcellular localisation may be an additional factor to fine-tune signalling
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Rho kinase is an important downstream effector of RhoA GTPases
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wounding induces rapid and strong RhoA activation
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Rac and Rho are also activated by mechanical stimulation like shear stress and cyclic stretch
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reduced human Mammarian enabled protein expression enhances Rac1 activity
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wild-type RhoA activation by Ect2cat is known to be lower than that of Ras by SOScat because of the lower affinity of GTP for wild-type RhoA than for Ras; wild-type RhoA activation by Ect2cat is known to be lower than that of Ras by SOScat because of the lower affinity of GTP for wild-type RhoA than for Ras; wild-type RhoA activation by Ect2cat is known to be lower than that of Ras by SOScat because of the lower affinity of GTP for wild-type RhoA than for Ras
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wild-type RhoA activation by Ect2cat is known to be lower than that of Ras by SOScat because of the lower affinity of GTP for wild-type RhoA than for Ras; wild-type RhoA activation by Ect2cat is known to be lower than that of Ras by SOScat because of the lower affinity of GTP for wild-type RhoA than for Ras; wild-type RhoA activation by Ect2cat is known to be lower than that of Ras by SOScat because of the lower affinity of GTP for wild-type RhoA than for Ras
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additional information
wild-type RhoA activation by Ect2cat is known to be lower than that of Ras by SOScat because of the lower affinity of GTP for wild-type RhoA than for Ras; wild-type RhoA activation by Ect2cat is known to be lower than that of Ras by SOScat because of the lower affinity of GTP for wild-type RhoA than for Ras; wild-type RhoA activation by Ect2cat is known to be lower than that of Ras by SOScat because of the lower affinity of GTP for wild-type RhoA than for Ras
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Rab proteins are members of the Ras superfamily of GTPases that switch between GDP-bound (inactive) and GTP-bound (active) forms
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additional information
some of the amino acids that are crucial for GTPase activity are mutated in RhoH so that the protein is a GTPase-deficient, so-called atypical Rho GTPase. Other mechanisms of regulating RhoH activity include regulation at the mRNA level and tyrosine phosphorylation of the protein's unique ITAM-like motif. The C-terminal CaaX box of RhoH is mainly a target for farnesyl-transferase but can also be modified by geranylgeranyltransferase. Isoprenylation of RhoH and changes in subcellular localisation may be an additional factor to fine-tune signalling
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growth factor receptor-induced activation of Cdc42 activates Rac, which in turn stimulates Rho activity; Rac is activated via stimulation of the G-protein-coupled seven-span transmembrane receptor CXCR4 by stromal derived factor-1, by adhesion via beta1 integrins, and via stimulation of c-kit by the stem cell factor
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mDia2 is a downstream effector of the Rho GTPases Rac1 and Rac2, Rac1 and Rac2 bind to mDia2 GBD in a GTP-dependent manner
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the small GTPase Cdc42 is upregulated during cell invasion by Candida albicans; the small GTPase Rac1 is upregulated during cell invasion by Candida albicans; the small GTPase RhoA is upregulated during cell invasion by Candida albicans
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the small GTPase Cdc42 is upregulated during cell invasion by Candida albicans; the small GTPase Rac1 is upregulated during cell invasion by Candida albicans; the small GTPase RhoA is upregulated during cell invasion by Candida albicans
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the small GTPase Cdc42 is upregulated during cell invasion by Candida albicans; the small GTPase Rac1 is upregulated during cell invasion by Candida albicans; the small GTPase RhoA is upregulated during cell invasion by Candida albicans
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wounding induces rapid and strong RhoA activation
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