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Enzyme Nomenclature
Information on EC 3.5.2.6 - beta-lactamase
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC3.5.2.6
Word Map on EC 3.5.2.6
- 3.5.2.6
- pneumonia
- klebsiella
- enterobacteriaceae
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esbls
- carbapenems
- aeruginosa
- ampicillin
- aureus
- ceftazidime
- cefotaxime
- enterobacter
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esbl-producing
- haemophilus
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clavulanic
- acinetobacter
- influenzae
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dissemination
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surveillance
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nosocomial
- meropenem
- ciprofloxacin
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carbapenem-resistant
- cloacae
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plasmid-mediated
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disk
- baumannii
- tetracycline
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aminoglycosides
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multidrug-resistant
- neisseria
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outbreak
- gentamicin
- proteus
- ceftriaxone
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integrons
- citrobacter
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pulsed-field
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methicillin-resistant
-
staphylococci
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quinolone
- gonorrhoeae
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fluoroquinolones
- amikacin
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enterococci
- methicillin
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community-acquired
- fragilis
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third-generation
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penicillin-binding
- mirabilis
- drug development
- diagnostics
- medicine
- pharmacology
- synthesis
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The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota, Archaea
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EC NUMBER 
COMMENTARY 
3.5.2.6
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RECOMMENDED NAME
GeneOntology No.
beta-lactamase
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
a beta-lactam + H2O = a substituted beta-amino acid
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a beta-lactam + H2O = a substituted beta-amino acid
Arg234 is involved in catalysis
a beta-lactam + H2O = a substituted beta-amino acid
2-step mechanism: in the first step, the catalytic Ser64 attacks the carbonyl carbon of the beta-lactam ring, forming an acyl intermediate, in the second step, a deacylating water hydrolyzes the ester bond to regenerate the enzyme and the reaction product, hydrolyzed antibiotic
a beta-lactam + H2O = a substituted beta-amino acid
Glu166 is important for catalysis, mechanism
a beta-lactam + H2O = a substituted beta-amino acid
reaction and kinetic mechanism
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a beta-lactam + H2O = a substituted beta-amino acid
enzyme-ligand interaction-structure, computational analysis, residues K67, N152, Y150, and K315 are involved in substrate binding, tetrahedral intermediate
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a beta-lactam + H2O = a substituted beta-amino acid
active site, Asp120 is important for catalysis, as well as substrate and Zn2+ binding
a beta-lactam + H2O = a substituted beta-amino acid
catalytic mechanism of enzyme class D, unique in comparison with classes A and C, active site structure with elements S-X-X-K, S-X-N, and K-T/S-G
a beta-lactam + H2O = a substituted beta-amino acid
reaction mechanism, Lys70 is involved in catalysis, active site structure
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a beta-lactam + H2O = a substituted beta-amino acid
VIM-2 catalytic Cys221, located in the Cys site, shows a high tendency to be strongly oxidized becoming a cysteinesulfonic residue, active site structure, overview
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a beta-lactam + H2O = a substituted beta-amino acid
overall mechanism for beta-lactamase-inhibitor reaction, Quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical calculations and Raman spectral analysis, overview
a beta-lactam + H2O = a substituted beta-amino acid
overall mechanism for beta-lactamase-inhibitor reaction, Quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical calculations and Raman spectral analysis, overview. The protonation of the zeta-nitrogen leads to a barrierless decarboxylation of the lysine carbamate
a beta-lactam + H2O = a substituted beta-amino acid
reaction and kinetic mechanism
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a beta-lactam + H2O = a substituted beta-amino acid
enzyme-ligand interaction-structure, computational analysis, residues K67, N152, Y150, and K315 are involved in substrate binding, tetrahedral intermediate; reaction and kinetic mechanism
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
carboxylic acid amide hydrolysis
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hydrolysis
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PATHWAY
BRENDA Link
KEGG Link
MetaCyc Link
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
beta-lactam hydrolase
A group of enzymes of varying specificity hydrolysing beta-lactams; some act more rapidly on penicillins, some more rapidly on cephalosporins. The latter were formerly listed as EC 3.5.2.8, cephalosporinase.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9073-60-3
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
strain CIP69598, previously Alcaligenes xylosoxidans
UniProt
produces only one beta-lactamase belonging to molecular class C
UniProt
strain 254G9, strain 4952, strain 192c3, strain 2662, strain 3701, strain 3806 and strain 02C9
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subsp. atroseptica DSM 30184 (also recently named Pectobacterium atrosepticum)
UniProt
plasmid pQE32Chl17
the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene replaces the blaTEM-1 gene as the selectable marker, allowing plasmid maintenance using 0.0125 mg/ml chloramphenicol. The blaTEM-1 gene is then subcloned under control of the IPTG-inducible promoter and mutated. The resulting constructs harbor a 6-histidine tag that is N-terminal to the native TEM-1 signal peptide. Upon processing of the signal peptide during expression and maturation in Escherichia coli, the histidine tag is also removed
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gene blaIMP-1; blaIMP-cluster-producingstrains
UniProt
using the template blaSHV-1 gene in the phagemid vector pBC SK(-), degeneration of oligonucleotides at Ambler position 276 to make the full complement of amino acid substitutions. After PCR mutagenesis, electroporation of the resultant plasmids into Escherichia coli
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from genetically distinct carbapenem-resistant strains from Argentina
SwissProt
IMP-1 producing strains A3035, A4861, A3880, A68, A4764, A4468, A129046, A695 and A696, and SIM-1 producing strain YMC 03/9/T104
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209311, 209313, 209322, 209335, 209337, 209339, 209342, 209343, 209347, 209361, 209364, 654962, 663956, 664117
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VIM-1 producing strains 75-10344, ECL3 and ECL4, and IMP-1 producing strain 199
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209326, 209332, 209336, 209341, 209342, 209345, 209346, 209359, 209360, 209362, 663652, 665320, 666141, 666255, 686187, 687111, 687334, 696228, 696292, 696320, 696728, 711378, 720961
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a clinical strain isolated from a patient with a urinary tract infection in Spain, gene blaFOX-4
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plasmid-encoded, pBC1e, beta-lactamase ACT-1; plasmid-encoded, pBC2e, beta-lactamase MIR-1; plasmid-encoded, pBC3e, beta-lactamase CMY-1; plasmid-encoded, pBC4e, beta-lactamase CMY-2
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Fusobacterium nucleatum polymorphum strain NI61; subsp. polymorphum NI61
SwissProt
the recombinant plasmid pVT-1 is used as a source of the blaOXA-48 gene. The blaOXA-48 ORF is subcloned into expression vector pET-9a to yield recombinant plasmid pET-OXA-48. Escherichia coli MCT236(DE3) is used as the host for overproduction of the OXA-48 enzyme
UniProt
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12 multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MDRPA, isolates isolated in the National Bone Marrow Transplant Centre of Tunisia, genes blaSHV-1 and blaOXA-18
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19 strains isolated from seven immunocompromised patients, and 3 strains isolated from environmental swabs, genes blaOXA18 and blaSHV
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an isolate from Turkey co-expressing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase PER-1 and metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-2, strain YUS, genes blaPER-1 and blaVIM-2
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class A enzyme PSE-4, the active site structure involves Ser70, Lys73, Ser130, Glu166, Asn170, and Arg234 as catalytic residues
Uniprot
clinical human isolates from a Mexican tertiary-care hospital, strain 4677, gene blaVIM-1
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clinical human isolates from Majorca, Spain, e.g. strain PA-SL2, and strain PAO1, genes blaVIM-1 and blaVIM-13
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clinical human isolates of imipenem-resistant strains, genes blaIMP-1, blaVIM and blaVIM-2
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clinical isolates from human patients, gene bla-VIM in MBl variant VIM-2
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IMP-15; clinical human isolates from a Mexican tertiary-care hospital, strain 4677, gene blaIMP-15
UniProt
isolates from Korean human individuals, genes blaOXA-10, blaVIM-2, blaPSE-I, blaOXA-4, blaOXA-17, blaOXA-30
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metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-7; isolate from the USA, gene blaVIM-7
UniProt
MSC15369, IMP-1 is PCR amplified from plasmid DNA prepared from a carbapenems-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa MSC15369. The PCR product is cloned into pTrcHis2 TOPO vector (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) and expressed in Escherichia coli DH5a after induction with 0.5 mM isopropyl-beta-D-(-)-thiogalactopyranoside for 3 h at room temperature
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strain ATCC 27853, IMP-1 producing strains 131, 144, 137, 98, 128, 130, 143, 145, 183, PSA320, IMP-13 producing strain 86-10079, IMP-16 producing strain 101-4704, IMP-18 producing strains 3486 and 3489, GIM-1 producing strain 73-5671, VIM-1 producing strain 179, VIM-2 producing strain 225 and VIM-7 producing strain 07-406, SPM-1 producing strains 48-1997 A, 14, 44, 73, 75, 76, 83, 194, 196 and 197
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strains P15 and P23, 2 imipenem-resistant isolates, gene oxa40 coding on a plasmid
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serovar Typhimurium, transferable plasmid blaPER-2 in a ceftibuten-resistant strain
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the blaSFC-1 gene is contained in the chromosome of Serratia fonticola UTAD54 and is absent from other Serratia fonticola strains
SwissProt
the blaSFC-1 gene is contained in the chromosome of Serratia fonticola UTAD54 and is absent from other Serratia fonticola strains
SwissProt
; strain IP97. In the bla gene from strain IP97 a deletion of 51 bp results in a completely inactive beta-lactamase. In the ampC gene from strain Y56 the A751G mutation is responsible for the inactivation of beta-lactamase
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
evolution
malfunction
physiological function
additional information
evolution
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PER-2 belongs to a small group of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Enzyme PER-2 is defined by the presence of a singular trans bond between residues 166 to 167, which generates an inverted omega loop, an expanded fold of this domain that results in a wide active site cavity that allows for efficient hydrolysis of antibiotics like the oxyimino-cephalosporins, and a series of exclusive interactions between residues not frequently involved in the stabilization of the active site in other class A beta-lactamases. PER beta-lactamases might be included within a cluster of evolutionarily related enzymes harboring the conserved residues Asp136 and Asn179
evolution
the POM-1 metallo-beta-lactamase is a subclass B3 resident enzyme
evolution
comparison of the structures of subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamases IMP-1 and IMP-2, which have an 85% amino acid identity, suggests that the amino acid substitution at position 68 on a beta-strand (beta3) (Pro in IMP-1 versus Ser in IMP-2) may be a staple factor affecting the flexibility of loop 1 (comprising residues at positions 60-66, EVNGWGV). In the IMP-1 structure, loop 1 adopts an open, disordered conformation. Comparison of the active site structure between IMP-1 and IMP-2, loop 1 of IMP-2 forms a closed conformation in which the side chain of Trp64, involved in substrate binding, is oriented so as to cover the active site, even though there is an acetate ion in the active site of both IMP-1 and IMP-2. Loop 1 of IMP-2 has a more flexible structure in comparison to IMP-1 due to having a Ser residue instead of the Pro residue at position 68, indicating that this difference in sequence may be a trigger to induce a more flexible conformation in loop 1
evolution
the enzyme is a metallo-beta-lactamase of subgroup B1b; the enzyme is a metallo-beta-lactamase of subgroup B2
evolution
the enzyme is a metallo-beta-lactamase of subgroup B3
evolution
metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) belong to the protein family of beta-lactamases, a group of enzymes that deactivate beta-lactam antibiotics by cleaving the amide bond in the beta-lactam ring, the enzyme belongs to the molecular class B, subclass B1. The Ambler class B beta-lactamase shares 39% and 29% amino acid identity with IMP-1 and VIM-2, from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa hospital isolate, respectively. Active-site residues that are coordinating zinc ions are conserved among all three subclasses
evolution
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BlaC is a class A beta-lactamase; BlaC is a class A beta-lactamase
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malfunction
deletion of gene blaMab dramatically reduces the MIC values of penicillins and first-, second- and third generation cephalosporins (except ceftazidime)
malfunction
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deletion of gene blaMab dramatically reduces the MIC values of penicillins and first-, second- and third generation cephalosporins (except ceftazidime)
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physiological function
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plays a significant role in limiting susceptibility to penicillins and cephalosporins. The contribution of BlaB, a class C enzyme, is less profound and is limited primarily to cephalosporin susceptibility
physiological function
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subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamase SMB-1 that confers carbapenem resistance
physiological function
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the constitutively expressed, chromosomally-encoded beta-lactamase (BlaC) is the enzyme responsible for the intrinsic resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
physiological function
GES beta-lactamases are important contributors to carbapenem resistance in clinical bacterial pathogens; GES beta-lactamases are important contributors to carbapenem resistance in clinical bacterial pathogens; GES beta-lactamases are important contributors to carbapenem resistance in clinical bacterial pathogens
physiological function
the enzyme is involved in antibiotic resistance, catalyzing the hydrolysis of antibiotics such as benzylpenicillin and imipenem
physiological function
role of beta-lactamase BlaMab in beta-lactam resistance, overview
physiological function
New Delhi MBL (NDM)-1 is a clinically significant metallo beta-lactamase
physiological function
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role of beta-lactamase BlaMab in beta-lactam resistance, overview
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physiological function
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the constitutively expressed, chromosomally-encoded beta-lactamase (BlaC) is the enzyme responsible for the intrinsic resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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additional information
Mox-1 is a unique plasmid-mediated class C beta-lactamase. Structure comparison with other beta-lactamases shows that two region in Mox 1, amino acid residues 214 to 216 positioned in the omega loop and the other in the N-terminus of the B3 beta-strand corresponding to amino acid residues 303 to 306, having significant structural flexibility of these regions, may impact the recognition and binding of substrates in Mox-1 leading to the unique substrate profile of the enzyme, overview. A substrate-induced conformational change underlies the basis of the hydrolytic profile of Mox-1 beta-lactamase, active site structure of enzyme Mox-1, overview
additional information
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secondary structures and conserved motifs of PER-2 and other class A beta-lactamases, presence of a hydrogen-bond network connecting Ser70-Gln69-water-Thr237-Arg220 that might be important for the proper activity and inhibition of the enzyme, strcture comparisson, simulation and modeling, overview
additional information
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the catalytic mechanism of BlaC relies on three highly conserved active site residues, Lys73 and Glu166, which are involved in the activation of the acylating nucleophile Ser70 and the activation of the active site water molecule for deacylation, respectively. Lys73 is essential for the acylation step
additional information
in GES-2 an extensive hydrogen-bonding network between the acyl-enzyme complex and the active site water attenuates activation of this water molecule, which results in poor deacylation by this enzyme
additional information
in GES-2 an extensive hydrogen-bonding network between the acyl-enzyme complex and the active site water attenuates activation of this water molecule, which results in poor deacylation by this enzyme
additional information
in GES-2 an extensive hydrogen-bonding network between the acyl-enzyme complex and the active site water attenuates activation of this water molecule, which results in poor deacylation by this enzyme
additional information
different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview
additional information
different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution.Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview
additional information
different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution.Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview
additional information
different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution.Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview
additional information
different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution.Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview
additional information
different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution.Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview
additional information
different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution.Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview
additional information
different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution.Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview
additional information
different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview
additional information
different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview
additional information
different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview; different genotypes of the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase are identified: the substitutions do not affect the overall folds of the enzyme variants, within limits of detection. Differences in thermal stabilities are observed. kcat/KM values are similar for carbapenem and penicillin substrates for NDM variants, but differences in kinetics are observed for cephalosporin substrates. Apparent substrate inhibition is observed with nitrocefin for variants containing the M154L substitution. In all cases, cefoxitin and ceftazidime are poorly hydrolysed. Clinically observed substitutions can make substantial differences in thermodynamic stability, suggesting that this may be a factor in metallo beta-lactamase evolution. Comparative analysis of the beta-lactam susceptibility of the NDM variants in Escherichia coli, overview
additional information
the marine enzyme is highly salt tolerant and cold active
additional information
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Mox-1 is a unique plasmid-mediated class C beta-lactamase. Structure comparison with other beta-lactamases shows that two region in Mox 1, amino acid residues 214 to 216 positioned in the omega loop and the other in the N-terminus of the B3 beta-strand corresponding to amino acid residues 303 to 306, having significant structural flexibility of these regions, may impact the recognition and binding of substrates in Mox-1 leading to the unique substrate profile of the enzyme, overview. A substrate-induced conformational change underlies the basis of the hydrolytic profile of Mox-1 beta-lactamase, active site structure of enzyme Mox-1, overview
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additional information
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the catalytic mechanism of BlaC relies on three highly conserved active site residues, Lys73 and Glu166, which are involved in the activation of the acylating nucleophile Ser70 and the activation of the active site water molecule for deacylation, respectively. Lys73 is essential for the acylation step
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(5R,6E)-6-[(4H,6H-pyrazolo[1,5-c][1,3]thiazol-2-yl)methylidene]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-7-one + H2O
(2E)-2-[(2R)-2,3-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-3-(4H,6H-pyrazolo[1,5-c][1,3]thiazol-2-yl)prop-2-enoic acid
-
-
-
?
(5R,6Z)-6-[(1,6,7,8a-tetrahydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazin-2-yl)methylidene]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-7-one + H2O
(2Z)-2-[(2R)-2,3-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-3-(1,6,7,8a-tetrahydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazin-2-yl)prop-2-enoic acid
-
-
-
?
(6R,7R)-3-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-7-(formylamino)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate + H2O
(2R)-5-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2-[(R)-carboxy(formylamino)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylate
(6R,7R)-3-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-7-(hydroxyamino)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate + H2O
(2R)-5-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2-[(R)-carboxy(hydroxyamino)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylate
-
-
-
-
?
(6R,7R)-3-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-7-amino-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate + H2O
(2R)-5-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2-[(R)-amino(carboxy)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylate
-
-
-
-
?
(6R,7R)-3-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-7-[formyl(hydroxy)amino]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate + H2O
(2R)-5-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2-[(R)-carboxy[formyl(hydroxy)amino]methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylate
-
-
-
-
?
(6R,7R)-3-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-7-[hydroxy(phenylacetyl)amino]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate + H2O
(2R)-5-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2-[(R)-carboxy[hydroxy(phenylacetyl)amino]methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylate
(6R,7R)-3-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-8-oxo-7-[(thiophen-2-ylacetyl)amino]-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate + H2O
(2R)-5-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2-[(R)-carboxy[(thiophen-2-ylacetyl)amino]methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylate
(6R,7S)-3-[(3-carboxy-4-nitro-phenyl)sulfanylmethyl]-8-oxo-7-[(2-thiophen-2-ylacetyl)amino]-5-thia-1-azabicyclo-[4.2.0]-oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
(6R,7Z)-3-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-7-(hydroxyimino)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate + H2O
(2R)-5-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2-[(Z)-carboxy(hydroxyimino)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylate
-
-
-
-
?
(6R,7Z)-7-(hydroxyimino)-3-methyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate 5,5-dioxide + H2O
(2R)-2-[(Z)-carboxy(hydroxyimino)methyl]-5-methyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylate 1,1-dioxide
-
-
-
-
?
(7R)-7-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-3-methyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate + H2O
2-[(R)-{[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]amino}(carboxy)methyl]-5-methyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylate
(7S)-7-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-3-methyl-8-thioxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate + H2O
2-[(S)-{[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]amino}(carboxy)methyl]-5-methyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylate
2-(2-(2-phenylacetamido)ethanethioyloxy)acetate + H2O
?
-
2-(2-(2-phenylacetamido)ethanethioyloxy)acetate is much poorer a substrate than 2-(2-(2-phenylacetamido)acetoxy)acetate
-
-
?
2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-3-one + H2O
(+)-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-3-one + (-)-4-amino-cyclopent-2-enecarboxylic acid
-
-
-
-
-
2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-3-one + H2O
(-)-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-3-one + (+)-4-amino-cyclopent-2-enecarboxylic acid
-
-
-
-
-
3-([3-[benzyl(methyl)amino]-3-oxopropanoyl]oxy)benzoic acid + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
3-([N-[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]glycyl]oxy)benzoic acid + H2O
?
3-([[(2R)-3-(benzylamino)-2-methoxy-3-oxopropanoyl]oxy]methyl)benzoic acid + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
3-([[(2R)-3-(benzylamino)-2-methyl-3-oxopropanoyl]oxy]methyl)benzoic acid + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
3-([[(2S)-3-(benzylamino)-2-methoxy-3-oxopropanoyl]oxy]methyl)benzoic acid + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
3-([[(2S)-3-(benzylamino)-2-methyl-3-oxopropanoyl]oxy]methyl)benzoic acid + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
3-([[2-benzyl-3-oxo-3-(benzylamino)propanoyl]oxy]methyl)benzoic acid + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
3-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)2-(Z)-methoxyiminoacetylglycyl]oxybenzoic acid + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
4beta-methoxy-trinem + H2O
(1R,4R,7aS)-1-[(2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl]-4-methoxy-2,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-isoindole-3-carboxylic acid
6-aminopenicillanic acid + H2O
(2R,4S)-2-[amino(carboxy)methyl]-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
6-beta-iodopenicillanate + H2O
(2R,4S)-2-[(R)-carboxy(iodo)methyl]-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylate
-
-
-
-
?
7-(thienyl-2-acetamido)-3-[2-(4-N,N-dimethylaminophenylazo)pyridinium-methyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid + H2O
(2R)-2-[(R)-carboxy{(E)-[1-hydroxy-2-(thiophen-2-yl)ethylidene]amino}methyl]-5-{[(2E)-2-{[4-(dimethyliminio)cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]hydrazinylidene}pyridin-1(2H)-yl]methyl}-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylate
7-beta-formamidoyl-7-alpha-methoxycephalosporanic acid + H2O
(2R)-5-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2-{(S)-carboxy[(E)-(hydroxymethylidene)amino]methoxymethyl}-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
-
-
-
?
7alpha-aminocephalosporanic acid + H2O
(2R)-5-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2-[(S)-amino(carboxy)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
7beta-aminocephalosporanic acid + H2O
(2R)-5-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2-[(R)-amino(carboxy)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
7beta-[(thien-2-yl)acetamido]-3-[(4-nitro-3-carboxyphenylthio)methyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid + H2O
(2R)-2-[(R)-carboxy{(E)-[1-hydroxy-2-(thiophen-2-yl)ethylidene]amino}methyl]-5-{[(3-carboxy-4-nitrophenyl)sulfanyl]methyl}-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
-
-
-
-
?
amoxicillin + H2O
(2R,4S)-2-[(R)-[[(2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl]amino](carboxy)methyl]-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
amoxicillin + H2O
(2R,4S)-2-[(R)-{[(2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl]amino}(carboxy)methyl]-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
amoxicillin + H2O
(2R,4S)-2-[[[(2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl]amino](carboxy)methyl]-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
ampicillin + H2O
(2R,4S)-2-[(R)-[[(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetyl]amino](carboxy)methyl]-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
azlocillin + H2O
(2R,4S)-2-[(R)-carboxy({(2R)-2-[(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl}amino)methyl]-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
aztreonam + H2O
[(1S,2S)-1-[[(2Z)-2-(2-ammonio-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[[(2-carboxypropan-2-yl)oxy]imino]acetyl]amino]-1-carboxypropan-2-yl]sulfamate
aztreonam + H2O
[(1S,2S)-1-[[(2Z)-2-(2-azaniumyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2- [[(2-carboxypropan-2-yl)oxy]imino]acetyl]amino]-1-carboxypropan-2-yl]sulfamate
-
-
-
?
aztreonam + H2O
[(1S,2S)-1-[[(2Z)-2-(2-azaniumyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[[(2-carboxypropan-2-yl)oxy]imino]acetyl]amino]-1-carboxypropan-2-yl]sulfamate
benzyl cephalosporin C + H2O
(2R)-5-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2-[(R)-{[(5R)-5-amino-6-(benzyloxy)-6-oxohexanoyl]amino}(carboxy)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
benzyl [[(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoyl]oxy]carbamate + H2O
? + hydroxamate
-
-
-
-
?
benzyl [[(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl]oxy]carbamate + H2O
? + hydroxamate
-
-
-
-
?
benzyl [[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoyl]oxy]carbamate + H2O
? + hydroxamate
-
-
-
-
?
benzyl [[(2S)-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoyl]oxy]carbamate + H2O
? + hydroxamate
-
-
-
-
?
benzyl [[(2S)-2-hydroxypropanoyl]oxy]carbamate + H2O
? + hydroxamate
-
-
-
-
?
benzylpenicillin + H2O
(2R,4S)-2-[(R)-carboxy(2-phenylacetamido)methyl]-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
benzylpenicillin + H2O
(2R,4S)-2-[(R)-carboxy[(phenylacetyl)amino]methyl]-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
biapenem + H2O
(4R,5S)-5-[(1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl]-3-[(6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazol-4-ium-6-yl)sulfanyl]-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate
carbenicillin + H2O
(2R,4S)-2-{(R)-carboxy[2-carboxy(phenyl)acetamido]methyl}-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
cefaclor + H2O
(2R)-2-[(R)-{[(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetyl]amino}(carboxy)methyl]-5-chloro-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
cefadroxil + H2O
(2R)-2-[(R)-{[(2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl]amino}(carboxy)methyl]-5-methyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
-
-
-
-
?
cefaloridine + H2O
(2R)-2-{(R)-carboxy[2-(thiophen-2-yl)acetamido]methyl}-5-[(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylate
cefalotin + H2O
(2R)-5-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2-[(R)-carboxy[2-(thiophen-2-yl)acetamido]methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
cefalotin + H2O
(2R)-5-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2-{(R)-carboxy[2-(thiophen-2-yl)acetamido]methyl}-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
cefamandole + H2O
(2R)-2-[(R)-carboxy[[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl]amino]methyl]-5-[[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
cefamandole + H2O
(2R)-2-[(R)-carboxy{[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl]amino}methyl]-5-{[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl}-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
cefazolin + H2O
(2R)-2-[(R)-carboxy[(1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino]methyl]-5-[[(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
cefazolin + H2O
(2R)-2-[(R)-carboxy[2-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl)acetamido]methyl]-5-[[(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
cefcapene + H2O
(2R)-2-[(R)-{[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)pent-2-enoyl]amino}(carboxy)methyl]-5-[(carbamoyloxy)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
-
-
-
-
?
cefdinir + H2O
(2R)-2-[(R)-{[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(hydroxyimino)acetyl]amino}(carboxy)methyl]-5-ethenyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
-
-
-
-
?
cefepime + H2O
(2R)-2-[(R)-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino](carboxy)methyl]-5-[(1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylate
cefepime + H2O
(2R)-2-[(R)-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino](carboxy)methyl]-5-[(1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylate
cefmetazole + H2O
(2R)-2-[(S)-carboxy{2-[(cyanomethyl)sulfanyl]acetamido}methoxymethyl]-5-{[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl}-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
-
-
-
-
?
cefoperazone + H2O
(2R)-2-[(R)-carboxy{[(2S)-2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl]amino}methyl]-5-{[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl}-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
cefotaxime + H2O
(2R)-5-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2-[(R)-[[(2E)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino](carboxy)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
cefotetan + H2O
(2R)-2-[(S)-{[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietane-2-carbonyl]amino}(carboxy)methoxymethyl]-5-{[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl}-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
-
-
-
-
?
cefotiam + H2O
(2R)-2-[(R)-[2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)acetamido](carboxy)methyl]-5-[({1-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1H-tetrazol-5-yl}sulfanyl)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
cefoxitin + H2O
(2R)-5-[(carbamoyloxy)methyl]-2-[(S)-carboxy(methoxy)[(thiophen-2-ylacetyl)amino]methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
cefoxitin + H2O
(2R)-5-[(carbamoyloxy)methyl]-2-[(S)-carboxy(methoxy)[2-(thiophen-2-yl)acetamido]methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
cefpirome + H2O
(2S)-2-[(R)-{[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino}(carboxy)methyl]-5-[(6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylate
cefpodoxime + H2O
(2R)-2-[(R)-{[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino}(carboxy)methyl]-5-(methoxymethyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
-
-
-
-
?
cefprozil + H2O
(2R)-2-[(R)-{[(2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl]amino}(carboxy)methyl]-5-[(1E)-prop-1-en-1-yl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
-
-
-
-
?
cefsulodin + H2O
(2R)-5-[(4-carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)methyl]-2-[(R)-carboxy{[(2R)-2-phenyl-2-sulfoacetyl]amino}methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylate
cefsulodine + H2O
(2R)-5-[(4-carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)methyl]-2-[(R)-carboxy{[(2R)-2-phenyl-2-sulfoacetyl]amino}methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylate
-
-
-
?
ceftaxidime + H2O
(2R)-2-[(R)-{[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-{[(2-carboxypropan-2-yl)oxy]imino}acetyl]amino}(carboxy)methyl]-5-[(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylate
-
-
-
?
ceftazidime + H2O
(2R)-2-[(R)-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[[(2-carboxypropan-2-yl)oxy]imino]acetyl]amino](carboxy)methyl]-5-(pyridinium-1-ylmethyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylate
ceftazidime + H2O
(2R)-2-[(R)-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[[(2-carboxypropan-2-yl)oxy]imino]acetyl]amino](carboxy)methyl]-5-[(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylate
ceftazidime + H2O
(2R)-2-[(R)-{[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-{[(2-carboxypropan-2-yl)oxy]imino}acetyl]amino}(carboxy)methyl]-5-[(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylate
ceftizoxime + H2O
(2R)-2-[(R)-{[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino}(carboxy)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
ceftriaxone + H2O
(2R)-2-[(R)-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino](carboxy)methyl]-5-[[(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
-
-
-
?
ceftriaxone + H2O
(2R)-2-[(R)-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino](carboxy)methyl]-5-[[(6-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
cefuroxime + H2O
(2R)-5-[(carbamoyloxy)methyl]-2-[(R)-carboxy[[(2Z)-2-(furan-2-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino]methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
-
-
-
?
cefuroxime + H2O
(2R)-5-[(carbamoyloxy)methyl]-2-[(R)-carboxy{[(2Z)-2-(furan-2-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino}methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
CENTA + H2O
(2R)-5-{[(3-carboxy-4-nitrophenyl)sulfanyl]methyl}-2-{(R)-carboxy[2-(thiophen-2-yl)acetamido]methyl}-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
cephalexin + H2O
(2R)-2-[(R)-[[(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetyl]amino](carboxy)methyl]-5-methyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
cephaloglycin + H2O
(2R)-5-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2-[(R)-{[(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetyl]amino}(carboxy)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
cephaloridine + H2O
(2R)-2-[(R)-carboxy[(thiophen-2-ylacetyl)amino]methyl]-5-(pyridinium-1-ylmethyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylate
cephalosporin C + H2O
N6-[(R)-{(2R)-5-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-4-carboxy-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazin-2-yl}(carboxy)methyl]-6-oxo-D-lysine
cephalothin + H2O
(2R)-5-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2-[(R)-carboxy[(thiophen-2-ylacetyl)amino]methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
cephalothin + H2O
(2R)-5-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2-[(R)-carboxy[2-(thiophen-2-yl)acetamido]methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
cephalotin + H2O
(2R)-5-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2-[(R)-carboxy[(thiophen-2-ylacetyl)amino]methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
cephamandol + H2O
2R)-2-[(R)-carboxy{[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl]amino}methyl]-5-{[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl}-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
-
-
-
-
?
cephapirin + H2O
(2R)-5-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2-[(R)-carboxy{2-[(pyridin-4-yl)sulfanyl]acetamido}methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
cephradine + H2O
(2R)-2-[(R)-{[(2R)-2-amino-2-(cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)acetyl]amino}(carboxy)methyl]-5-methyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
chromacef + H2O
(2S)-2-[(S)-carboxy(2-phenylacetamido)methyl]-5-[(E)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethenyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
-
-
-
?
ciclacillin + H2O
(2R,4S)-2-[(R)-[(1-aminocyclohexane-1-carbonyl)amino](carboxy)methyl]-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
-
-
-
-
?
clavulanic acid + H2O
(2R,4R,5Z)-2-(carboxymethyl)-5-(2-hydroxyethylidene)-1,3-oxazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
cloxacillin + H2O
(2R,4S)-2-[(R)-carboxy([[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]carbonyl]amino)methyl]-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
plasmid pGEM-T-easy
-
-
-
-
?
cloxacillin + H2O
(2R,4S)-2-[(R)-carboxy{[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carbonyl]amino}methyl]-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
CP 45899 + H2O
(2R,4S)-2-(carboxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-1,1-dioxo-1lambda~6~,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
-
-
-
-
?
doripenem + H2O
(4R,5S)-5-[(1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl]-4-methyl-3-([(3S,5S)-5-[(sulfamoylamino)methyl]pyrrolidin-3-yl]sulfanyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid
doripenem + H2O
(4R,5S)-5-[(1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl]-4-methyl-3-({(3S,5S)-5-[(sulfamoylamino)methyl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}sulfanyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid
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-
-
-
?
ertapenem + H2O
(4R,5S)-5-[(1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl]-3-([(3S,5S)-5-[(3-carboxyphenyl)carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-3-yl]sulfanyl)-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid
ertapenem + H2O
(4R,5S)-5-[(1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl]-3-({(3S,5S)-5-[(3-carboxyphenyl)carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}sulfanyl)-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid
faropenem + H2O
(2R)-2-[(1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl]-5-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-2,3-dihydro-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid
imipenem + H2O
(5R)-3-[[2-(carbonoimidoylamino)ethyl]sulfanyl]-5-[(1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid
imipenem + H2O
(5R)-5-[(1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl]-3-([2-[(iminomethyl)amino]ethyl]sulfanyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid
imipenem + H2O
(5R)-5-[(1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl]-3-({2-[(iminomethyl)amino]ethyl}sulfanyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid
loracarbef + H2O
(6R)-6-[(S)-{[(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetyl]amino}(carboxy)methyl]-3-chloro-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid
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-
-
-
?
mecillinam + H2O
(2R,4S)-2-[(R)-{(E)-[(azepan-1-yl)methylidene]amino}(carboxy)methyl]-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
-
-
-
-
?
meropenem + H2O
(4R,5S)-5-[(1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl]-3-[[(3S,5S)-5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]sulfanyl]-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid
meropenem + H2O
(4R,5S)-5-[(1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl]-3-{[(3S,5S)-5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]sulfanyl}-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid
methicillin + H2O
(2R,4S)-2-[(R)-carboxy(2,6-dimethoxybenzamido)methyl]-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
mezlocillin + H2O
(2R,4S)-2-[(R)-carboxy{[(2R)-2-{[3-(methanesulfonyl)-2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl]amino}-2-phenylacetyl]amino}methyl]-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
moxalactam + H2O
(2R)-2-{(R)-carboxy[2-carboxy(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]methoxymethyl}-5-{[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl}-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-oxazine-4-carboxylic acid
nitrocefin + H2O
(2R)-2-[(R)-carboxy[(thiophen-2-ylacetyl)amino]methyl]-5-[(E)-2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)ethenyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
nitrocefin + H2O
(2R)-2-[(R)-carboxy[2-(thiophen-2-yl)acetamido]methyl]-5-[(E)-2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)ethenyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
nitrocefin + H2O
(2R)-2-{(R)-carboxy[2-(thiophen-2-yl)acetamido]methyl}-5-[(E)-2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)ethenyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid
nitrocefin + H2O
?
nitrocefin shows autohydrolysis at pH 7.5-9.0 in Tris buffer, while not in HEPES buffer with the same pH
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-
?
oxacillin + H2O
(2R,4S)-2-[(R)-carboxy[[(5-methyl-3-phenyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)carbonyl]amino]methyl]-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
oxacillin + H2O
(2R,4S)-2-{(R)-carboxy[(5-methyl-3-phenyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carbonyl)amino]methyl}-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
panipenem + H2O
(5R)-5-[(1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl]-3-[[(3S)-1-ethanimidoylpyrrolidin-3-yl]sulfanyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid
penicillin G + H2O