Substrates: calpain 8/nCL-2 and calpain 9/nCL-4 constitute an active protease complex, G-calpain, in which both molecules are essential for activity, and that is involved in gastric mucosal defense. Calpains 8 and 9 are regulated differently from each other and from conventional calpains and, thus, have potentially important, specific functions in the gastrointestinal tract. Calpains 8 and 9 are molecular chaperones for each other, overview Products: -
Substrates: calpain 8/nCL-2 and calpain 9/nCL-4 constitute an active protease complex, G-calpain, in which both molecules are essential for activity, and that is involved in gastric mucosal defense. Calpains 8 and 9 are regulated differently from each other and from conventional calpains and, thus, have potentially important, specific functions in the gastrointestinal tract. Calpains 8 and 9 are molecular chaperones for each other, overview Products: -
optimal temperature for nCL-2 activity is 20°C. The time courses of nCL-2 activity at various temperatures shows that the initial rates are maximal at 30-37°C, whereas maximal activity is achieved at 15°C
calpain 8 is involved in vesicle trafficking between endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. Calpain 8/nCL-2 is also involved in the mucosal defense against stress-induced gastropathies
stomach-specific calpain, nCL-2/calpain 8, is active without calpain regulatory subunit and oligomerizes through C2-like domains. nCL-2 exists in both monomeric and homo-oligomeric forms, but not as a heterodimer with 30K or 30K-2, and that the oligomerization occurs through domains other than the 5EF-hand domain IV, most probably through domain III
stomach-specific calpain, nCL-2/calpain 8, is active without calpain regulatory subunit and oligomerizes through C2-like domains. nCL-2 exists in both monomeric and homo-oligomeric forms, but not as a heterodimer with 30K or 30K-2, and that the oligomerization occurs through domains other than the 5EF-hand domain IV, most probably through domain III
generation of Capn8-/- mice, that are fertile and whose gastric mucosae appears normal. However, the mutant mice are susceptible to gastric mucosal injury induced by ethanol administration, and the Capn8-/- stomach shows significant decreases in both calpains 9 and 8, and the same was true for Capn9-/-. Effects of calpain 8 deficiency on mucous granule formation and secretion, overview
calpain-9 is generally decreased in gastric cancer cell lines and primary tumor tissues, while calpain-8 expression is not significantly altered. Calpain-9, but not calpain-8, induces cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and cellular apoptosis in gastric cancer cells
calpain-9 is generally decreased in gastric cancer cell lines and primary tumor tissues, while calpain-8 expression is not significantly altered. Calpain-9 induces cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and cellular apoptosis in vitro, and it attenuates the growth of subcutaneous tumor xenografts in vivo. Low expression of calpain-9 is positively associated with male sex, late T stage, lymph node metastasis, and advanced TNM stage (tumor, node, metastasis). Calpain-9 is an independent prognostic factor for poor prognosis, and combining calpain-9 with TNM stage generates a better predictive model for patient outcomes
Drug-induced alterations to gene and protein expression in intestinal epithelial cell 6 cells suggest a role for calpains in the gastrointestinal toxicity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents
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