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Information on EC 3.2.1.83 - kappa-carrageenase
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3.2.1.83 kappa-carrageenaseIUBMB Comments
The main products of hydrolysis are neocarrabiose-sulfate and neocarratetraose-sulfate . Unlike EC 3.2.1.157 (iota-carrageenase), but similar to EC 3.2.1.81 (beta-agarase), this enzyme proceeds with retention of the anomeric configuration.
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Word Map
- 3.2.1.83
- carrageenovora
-
pseudoalteromonas
-
carrageenases
-
cd19-specific
-
piggybac
-
anti-cd19
-
cd19-targeting
-
tisagenlecleucel
- galactans
- alteromonas
- beta-agarase
- pharmacology
- molecular biology
- analysis
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Reaction Schemes
4-O-sulfonato-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-3,6-anhydro-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-3)-4-O-sulfonato-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-3,6-anhydro-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-3)-4-O-sulfonato-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-3,6-anhydro-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-
Synonyms
car19, kappa-carrageenase, kappa-car, cgk-k142, cgk16a, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
carrageenase, kappa-
-
-
-
-
CGK
Cgk-K142
Cgk16A
CgkA
CgkAGH16
kappa-car
kappa-carrageenanase
-
-
-
-
kappa-carrageenase-like protein
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
4-O-sulfonato-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-3,6-anhydro-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-3)-4-O-sulfonato-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-3,6-anhydro-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-3)-4-O-sulfonato-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-3,6-anhydro-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-
4-O-sulfonato-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-3,6-anhydro-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-3)-4-O-sulfonato-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-3,6-anhydro-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-3)-4-O-sulfonato-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-3,6-anhydro-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-
endo or random mechanism
Pseudomonas carrageenovora
-
4-O-sulfonato-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-3,6-anhydro-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-3)-4-O-sulfonato-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-3,6-anhydro-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-3)-4-O-sulfonato-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-3,6-anhydro-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-
enzyme has an arginine residue at subsite -1, mechanism
-
4-O-sulfonato-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-3,6-anhydro-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-3)-4-O-sulfonato-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-3,6-anhydro-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-3)-4-O-sulfonato-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-3,6-anhydro-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-
enzyme acts in solution as a random hydrolase
-
4-O-sulfonato-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-3,6-anhydro-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-3)-4-O-sulfonato-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-3,6-anhydro-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-3)-4-O-sulfonato-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-3,6-anhydro-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-
-
-
-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
hydrolysis of O-glycosyl bond
hydrolysis of O-glycosyl bond
-
-
-
-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
-
-
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
kappa-carrageenan 4-beta-D-glycanohydrolase (configuration-retaining)
The main products of hydrolysis are neocarrabiose-sulfate and neocarratetraose-sulfate [5]. Unlike EC 3.2.1.157 (iota-carrageenase), but similar to EC 3.2.1.81 (beta-agarase), this enzyme proceeds with retention of the anomeric configuration.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
37288-59-8
-
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
kappa-carrageen + H2O
kappa-neocarrahexaose-sulfate + kappa-neocarrabiose-sulfate + kappa-neocarrahexaose-sulfate
kappa-carrageen + H2O
kappa-neocarraoctaose + kappa-neocarrahexaose + kappa-neocarratetraose + kappa-neocarrabiose
kappa-carrageen + H2O
kappa-neocarraoctaose-sulfate + kappa-neocarrahexaose-sulfate + kappa-neocarratetraose-sulfate + kappa-neocarrabiose-sulfate
-
-
-
-
?
kappa-carrageenan + H2O
kappa-neocarrabiose sulfate + kappa-neocarratetraose sulfate + kappa-neocarrahexaose sulfate + kappa-neocarraoctaose sulfate + kappa-neocarradecaose sulfate + D-galactose
agar + H2O
?
-
1.5% activity compared to kappa-carrageenan
-
-
?
iota-carrageenan + H2O
?
-
1% activity compared to kappa-carrageenan
-
-
?
iota-carrageenan + H2O
?
-
1% activity compared to kappa-carrageenan
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
?
the enzyme cleaves in an endo-fashion
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
?
the enzyme cleaves in an endo-fashion
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
carrageenan oligosaccharide
-
the enzyme cleaves kappa-carrageenan at the internal beta-1,4 linkage of kappa-carrageenan
the enzyme degrades kappa-carrageenan to sulfated oligosaccharides with even-numbered degree of polymerization, of which the tetrasaccharide was the major product, identification and structural analysis by mass spectrometry, overview. Each carrageenan oligosaccharide is composed of An-G4S-type neocarrabiose units, which consisted of a 3,6-anhydro-alpha-D-galactose residue in the nonreducing end and a beta-D-galactose-4-sulfate residue in the reducing end
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
carrageenan oligosaccharide
-
the enzyme cleaves kappa-carrageenan at the internal beta-1,4 linkage of kappa-carrageenan
the enzyme degrades kappa-carrageenan to sulfated oligosaccharides with even-numbered degree of polymerization, of which the tetrasaccharide was the major product, identification and structural analysis by mass spectrometry, overview. Each carrageenan oligosaccharide is composed of An-G4S-type neocarrabiose units, which consisted of a 3,6-anhydro-alpha-D-galactose residue in the nonreducing end and a beta-D-galactose-4-sulfate residue in the reducing end
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
D-galactose + ?
-
the enzyme cleaves the internal beta-(1-4) linkages of kappa-carrageenan yielding a series of even-numbered oligosaccharides
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
D-galactose + ?
-
the enzyme cleaves the internal beta-(1-4) linkages of kappa-carrageenan yielding a series of even-numbered oligosaccharides
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
D-galactose + ?
-
the enzyme cleaves the internal beta-(1-4) linkages of kappa-carrageenan yielding a series of even-numbered oligosaccharides
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
D-galactose + ?
-
the enzyme cleaves the internal beta-(1-4) linkages of kappa-carrageenan yielding a series of even-numbered oligosaccharides
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
kappa-neocarrahexaose + kappa-neocarratetraose
-
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
kappa-neocarrahexaose + kappa-neocarratetraose
Zobellia galactanivorans DsijT
-
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
kappa-neocarrahexaose + kappa-neocarratetraose
-
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
kappa-neocarrahexaose + kappa-neocarratetraose + D-galactose
-
-
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
kappa-neocarrahexaose + kappa-neocarratetraose + D-galactose
Pedobacter hainanensis NJ-02
-
-
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
kappa-neocarrahexaose-sulfate + kappa-neocarrabiose-sulfate + kappa-neocarrahexaose-sulfate
-
the enzyme is specific for the beta-1,4 linkage and hydrolyzes kappa-carrageenan into kappa-neocarraoctaose-sulfate and kappa-neocarrahexaose-sulfate first, and then brakes kappa-neocarraoctaose-sulfate into kappa-neocarrabiose-sulfate and kappa-neocarrahexaose-sulfate, NMR spectroscopy analysis, overview
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
kappa-neocarrahexaose-sulfate + kappa-neocarrabiose-sulfate + kappa-neocarrahexaose-sulfate
-
the enzyme is specific for the beta-1,4 linkage and hydrolyzes kappa-carrageenan into kappa-neocarraoctaose-sulfate and kappa-neocarrahexaose-sulfate first, and then brakes kappa-neocarraoctaose-sulfate into kappa-neocarrabiose-sulfate and kappa-neocarrahexaose-sulfate, NMR spectroscopy analysis, overview
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
kappa-neocarraoctaose + kappa-neocarrahexaose
-
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
kappa-neocarraoctaose + kappa-neocarrahexaose
-
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
kappa-neocarraoctaose + kappa-neocarrahexaose + kappa-neocarratetraose + kappa-neocarrabiose
-
-
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
kappa-neocarraoctaose + kappa-neocarrahexaose + kappa-neocarratetraose + kappa-neocarrabiose
-
-
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
kappa-neocarratetraose + kappa-neocarrabiose
-
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
kappa-neocarratetraose + kappa-neocarrabiose
-
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
kappa-neocarratetraose + kappa-neocarrabiose
-
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
kappa-neocarratetraose + kappa-neocarrabiose
-
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
kappa-neocarratetraose + kappa-neocarrabiose
-
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
kappa-neocarratetraose + kappa-neocarrabiose + D-galactose
-
-
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
kappa-neocarratetraose + kappa-neocarrabiose + D-galactose
Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora CICC 23819
-
-
-
-
?
kappa-carrageenan + H2O
?
-
low-molecular-weight carrageenan oligosaccharides are obtained. Antitumor activities of the oligosaccharides are tested on Sarcoma 180 tumor transplanted in mice. The carrageenan oligosaccharide show much higher tumor inhibition (70.8%) and catalase activity at a dosage of 100 mg/kg compared with the control group
-
-
?
kappa-carrageenan + H2O
?
-
low-molecular-weight carrageenan oligosaccharides are obtained. Antitumor activities of the oligosaccharides are tested on Sarcoma 180 tumor transplanted in mice. The carrageenan oligosaccharide show much higher tumor inhibition (70.8%) and catalase activity at a dosage of 100 mg/kg compared with the control group
-
-
?
kappa-carrageenan + H2O
?
-
on soluble kappa-carrageenan substrate, enzyme produces only large oligosaccharides at 50% of degradation. In contrast, at the same level of degradation in solid phase, enzyme generates terminal products such as kappa-neocarrabiose and kappa-neocarratetraose
-
-
?
kappa-carrageenan + H2O
?
-
the average molecular mass of solid carrageenan decreases very slowly, and tetrasaccharide production is high. kappa-carrageenase is a processive enzyme when acting on solid substrates. It has a random mode of action on soluble substrates. The conditions for processivity not only require that the active site possesses the adapted topology, but also that the substrate is in an appropriate physical and conformational state (processivity is similar for gel and powder)
-
-
?
kappa-carrageenan + H2O
?
-
degradation, analysis of the degradation products by gel filtration, single-helix ordered conformation state for kappa-carrageenan. Degradation of carrageenan in the disordered state leads to a rapid decrease in molecular mass and the production of all possible neo-kappa-carrabiose oligomers
-
-
?
kappa-carrageenan + H2O
kappa-neocarrabiose sulfate + D-galactose
-
the enzyme degrades kappa-carrageenan by hydrolyzing the beta-1,4 linkages to a series of homologous, even numbered oligosaccharides
-
-
?
kappa-carrageenan + H2O
kappa-neocarrabiose sulfate + D-galactose
-
the enzyme degrades kappa-carrageenan by hydrolyzing the beta-1,4 linkages to a series of homologous, even numbered oligosaccharides
-
-
?
kappa-carrageenan + H2O
kappa-neocarrabiose sulfate + kappa-neocarratetraose sulfate + kappa-neocarrahexaose sulfate + kappa-neocarraoctaose sulfate + kappa-neocarradecaose sulfate + D-galactose
-
-
main end-products
-
?
kappa-carrageenan + H2O
kappa-neocarrabiose sulfate + kappa-neocarratetraose sulfate + kappa-neocarrahexaose sulfate + kappa-neocarraoctaose sulfate + kappa-neocarradecaose sulfate + D-galactose
-
-
main end-products
-
?
kappa-carrageenan + H2O
tetrasaccharides
-
100% activity
-
-
?
lambda-carrageenan + H2O
?
-
39.3% activity compared to kappa-carrageenan
-
-
?
lambda-carrageenan + H2O
?
-
39.3% activity compared to kappa-carrageenan
-
-
?
kappa-carrageenan + H2O
additional information
-
-
-
kappa-neocarratetraose
?
kappa-carrageenan + H2O
additional information
-
Pseudomonas carrageenovora
-
-
3-O-(3,6-anhydro-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl)-D-galactopyranose-4-O-sulfate, i.e. neocarrabiose-4-O-sufate, as the major degradation product
?
kappa-carrageenan + H2O
additional information
-
Pseudomonas carrageenovora
-
-
3-O-(3,6-anhydro-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl)-D-galactopyranose-4-O-sulfate, i.e. neocarrabiose-4-O-sufate, as the major degradation product
?
additional information
?
-
Bacillus sp. HT19
-
no activity with iota-carrageenan, lambda-carrageenan, agar, and sodium alginate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with iota- or lambda-carrageenan, or any other polysaccharides such as agar, alginate, cellulose and starch
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with iota- or lambda-carrageenan, or any other polysaccharides such as agar, alginate, cellulose and starch
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
glucose, cellobiose and galactose inhibit enzyme production
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
glucose, cellobiose and galactose inhibit enzyme production
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
raffinose and p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside are not hydrolyzed
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
isolated kappa-carrageenase can successfully generate protoplasts of Kappaphycus alvarezii. No activity with lambda-carrageenan, ioro-carrageenan and LMP agarose
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme also catalyzes transglycosylation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
hybrid kappa/iota-carrageeans extracted from Gigartina skottsbergii, Chondracanthus chamissoi, and Chondrus crispus are incubated with kappa-carrageenase. The degradation products of the kappa-carrageenase allow discriminating three modes of kappa-carrabiose distribution: blocks of kappa-carrabiose, kappa-carrabiose rich fraction containing iota-carrabiose units probably randomly distributed, and iota-carrabiose rich fraction which corresponds to the resistant fraction
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is incapable of hydrolyzing iota-carrageenan, lambda-carrageenan and agarose
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is incapable of hydrolyzing iota-carrageenan, lambda-carrageenan and agarose
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is incapable of hydrolyzing iota-carrageenan, lambda-carrageenan and agarose
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme specifically cleaves the internal beta (1-4) linkages of carrageenans and yields a series of homologous even-numbered oligosaccharides
-
-
?
neocarrahexaitol + H2O
additional information
-
-
-
neocarrabiitol and beta-neocarratetraose are initially formed
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
kappa-carrageen + H2O
kappa-neocarraoctaose + kappa-neocarrahexaose + kappa-neocarratetraose + kappa-neocarrabiose
kappa-carrageen + H2O
kappa-neocarraoctaose-sulfate + kappa-neocarrahexaose-sulfate + kappa-neocarratetraose-sulfate + kappa-neocarrabiose-sulfate
-
-
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
?
the enzyme cleaves in an endo-fashion
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
?
the enzyme cleaves in an endo-fashion
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
D-galactose + ?
-
the enzyme cleaves the internal beta-(1-4) linkages of kappa-carrageenan yielding a series of even-numbered oligosaccharides
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
D-galactose + ?
-
the enzyme cleaves the internal beta-(1-4) linkages of kappa-carrageenan yielding a series of even-numbered oligosaccharides
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
D-galactose + ?
-
the enzyme cleaves the internal beta-(1-4) linkages of kappa-carrageenan yielding a series of even-numbered oligosaccharides
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
D-galactose + ?
-
the enzyme cleaves the internal beta-(1-4) linkages of kappa-carrageenan yielding a series of even-numbered oligosaccharides
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
kappa-neocarrahexaose + kappa-neocarratetraose
-
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
kappa-neocarrahexaose + kappa-neocarratetraose
Zobellia galactanivorans DsijT
-
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
kappa-neocarraoctaose + kappa-neocarrahexaose + kappa-neocarratetraose + kappa-neocarrabiose
-
-
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
kappa-neocarraoctaose + kappa-neocarrahexaose + kappa-neocarratetraose + kappa-neocarrabiose
-
-
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
kappa-neocarratetraose + kappa-neocarrabiose
-
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
kappa-neocarratetraose + kappa-neocarrabiose
-
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
kappa-neocarratetraose + kappa-neocarrabiose
-
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
kappa-neocarratetraose + kappa-neocarrabiose
-
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
kappa-neocarratetraose + kappa-neocarrabiose
-
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
kappa-neocarratetraose + kappa-neocarrabiose + D-galactose
-
-
-
-
?
kappa-carrageen + H2O
kappa-neocarratetraose + kappa-neocarrabiose + D-galactose
Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora CICC 23819
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
glucose, cellobiose and galactose inhibit enzyme production
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
glucose, cellobiose and galactose inhibit enzyme production
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme specifically cleaves the internal beta (1-4) linkages of carrageenans and yields a series of homologous even-numbered oligosaccharides
-
-
?
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
2-mercaptoethanol
-
the enzyme activity is significantly promoted at 1 mM 2-mercaptoethanol
Ca2+
dithiothreitol
-
the enzyme activity is significantly promoted at 1 mM dithiothreitol
EDTA
-
the enzyme activity is significantly promoted at 1 mM EDTA
Fe3+
-
the enzyme activity is significantly promoted at 1 mM Fe3+
K+
Mg2+
Na+
SDS
-
the enzyme activity is significantly promoted at 1 mM SDS
Sn2+
-
the enzyme activity is significantly promoted at 1 mM Sn2+
Triton X-100
-
the enzyme activity is significantly promoted at 1 mM Triton X-100
Tween-20
-
the enzyme activity is significantly promoted at 1 mM Tween 20
Tween-80
-
the enzyme activity is significantly promoted at 1 mM Tween 80
Urea
-
the enzyme activity is significantly promoted at 1 mM urea
additional information
K+
-
the enzyme activity is significantly promoted at low concentrations of K+
Na+
-
the enzyme activity is significantly promoted at low concentrations of Na+
additional information
Bacillus sp. HT19
-
Ni2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+ have almost no effect on the enzyme activity
additional information
the enzyme is not significantly influenced by K+, Mg2+ and Zn2+
additional information
-
the enzyme is not significantly influenced by K+, Mg2+ and Zn2+
additional information
poor effects by Li+, Mg2+, NH4+, Ca2+ and K+ at 5 mM
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE