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2-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O
2-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucose
2-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O
2-nitrophenol + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucose
very low activity
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucose
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O
4-nitrophenol + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O
4-nitrophenol + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3 + H2O
ginsenoside 20(S)-Rh2 + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside C-Mc1 + H2O
ginsenoside C-Mc + D-glucopyranose
ginsenoside C-Mx1 + H2O
ginsenoside C-Mx + D-glucopyranose
hydrolysis of 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl bond
-
-
?
ginsenoside C-O + H2O
ginsenoside C-Y + D-glucopyranose
ginsenoside F2 + H2O
ginsenoside C-K + D-glucopyranose
ginsenoside Rb1 + H2O
ginsenoside G17 + D-glucose
ginsenoside Rb1 + H2O
ginsenoside G75 + 2 D-glucose
ginsenoside Rb1 + H2O
ginsenoside Rd + D-glucopyranose
ginsenoside Rb1 + H2O
gypenoside XVII + ?
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rb1 + H2O
gypenoside XVII + D-glucopyranose
ginsenoside Rb2 + H2O
ginsenoside C-O + D-glucopyranose
ginsenoside Rb2 + H2O
ginsenoside C-O + D-glucose
ginsenoside Rb2 + H2O
ginsenoside C-Y + 2 D-glucose
-
via ginsenoside C-O
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rb3 + H2O
ginsenoside C-Mx + 2 D-glucose
-
via ginsenoside C-Mx1
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rb3 + H2O
ginsenoside C-Mx1 + D-glucopyranose
hydrolysis of 3-O-beta-D-(1->2)-glucopyranosyl bond
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rc + H2O
ginsenoside C-Mc + 2 D-glucose
-
via ginsenoside C-Mc1
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rc + H2O
ginsenoside C-Mc1 + D-glucopyranose
ginsenoside Rc + H2O
ginsenoside C-Mc1 + D-glucose
ginsenoside Rd + H2O
ginsenoside C-K + 2 D-glucose
ginsenoside Rd + H2O
ginsenoside F2 + D-glucopyranose
ginsenoside Rd + H2O
ginsenoside F2 + D-glucose
ginsenoside Rg3 + H2O
ginsenoside Rh2 + D-glucopyranose
ginsenoside Rg3 + H2O
ginsenoside Rh2 + D-glucose
ginsenoside Rg3 + H2O
protopanaxadiol aglycone + 2 D-glucose
ginsenoside Rg3(S) + H2O
ginsenoside Rh2(S) + D-glucopyranose
hydrolysis of 3-O-beta-D-(1->2)-glucopyranosyl bond
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rh2 + H2O
protopanaxadiol aglycone + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rh2(S) + H2O
protopanaxadiol aglycone + D-glucopyranose
hydrolysis of 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl bond
-
-
?
gypenoside LXXV + H2O
ginsenoside C-K + D-glucopyranose
gypenoside XVII + H2O
ginsenoside F2 + D-glucopyranose
-
cf. EC 3.2.1.193
-
-
?
gypenoside XVII + H2O
gypenoside LXXV + D-glucopyranose
gypenoside XVII + H2O
gypenoside LXXV + D-glucose
additional information
?
-
2-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O
2-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucose
-
-
-
-
?
2-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O
2-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucose
low activity
-
-
?
2-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O
2-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucose
low activity
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucose
-
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucose
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucose
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside C-Mc1 + H2O
ginsenoside C-Mc + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside C-Mc1 + H2O
ginsenoside C-Mc + D-glucopyranose
hydrolysis of 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl bond
-
-
?
ginsenoside C-O + H2O
ginsenoside C-Y + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside C-O + H2O
ginsenoside C-Y + D-glucopyranose
hydrolysis of 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl bond
-
-
?
ginsenoside F2 + H2O
ginsenoside C-K + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside F2 + H2O
ginsenoside C-K + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside F2 + H2O
ginsenoside C-K + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside F2 + H2O
ginsenoside C-K + D-glucopyranose
hydrolysis of 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl bond
-
-
?
ginsenoside F2 + H2O
ginsenoside C-K + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rb1 + H2O
ginsenoside G17 + D-glucose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rb1 + H2O
ginsenoside G17 + D-glucose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rb1 + H2O
ginsenoside G75 + 2 D-glucose
-
via ginsenoside G17
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rb1 + H2O
ginsenoside G75 + 2 D-glucose
-
via ginsenoside G17
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rb1 + H2O
ginsenoside G75 + 2 D-glucose
-
via ginsenoside G17
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rb1 + H2O
ginsenoside Rd + D-glucopyranose
-
cf. EC 3.2.1.192
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rb1 + H2O
ginsenoside Rd + D-glucopyranose
-
cf. EC 3.2.1.192 or EC 3.2.1.195
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rb1 + H2O
gypenoside XVII + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rb1 + H2O
gypenoside XVII + D-glucopyranose
hydrolysis of 3-O-beta-D-(1->2)-glucopyranosyl
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rb1 + H2O
gypenoside XVII + D-glucopyranose
hydrolysis of 3-O-beta-D-(1->2)-glucopyranosyl bond
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rb1 + H2O
gypenoside XVII + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rb2 + H2O
ginsenoside C-O + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rb2 + H2O
ginsenoside C-O + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rb2 + H2O
ginsenoside C-O + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rb2 + H2O
ginsenoside C-O + D-glucopyranose
hydrolysis of 3-O-beta-D-(1->2)-glucopyranosyl
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rb2 + H2O
ginsenoside C-O + D-glucose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rb2 + H2O
ginsenoside C-O + D-glucose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rc + H2O
ginsenoside C-Mc1 + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rc + H2O
ginsenoside C-Mc1 + D-glucopyranose
hydrolysis of 3-O-beta-D-(1->2)-glucopyranosyl bond
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rc + H2O
ginsenoside C-Mc1 + D-glucose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rc + H2O
ginsenoside C-Mc1 + D-glucose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rd + H2O
ginsenoside C-K + 2 D-glucose
-
via ginsenoside F2
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rd + H2O
ginsenoside C-K + 2 D-glucose
-
via ginsenosside F2
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rd + H2O
ginsenoside C-K + 2 D-glucose
-
via ginsenoside F2
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rd + H2O
ginsenoside C-K + 2 D-glucose
-
via ginsenosside F2
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rd + H2O
ginsenoside C-K + 2 D-glucose
-
via ginsenosside F2
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rd + H2O
ginsenoside F2 + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rd + H2O
ginsenoside F2 + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rd + H2O
ginsenoside F2 + D-glucopyranose
hydrolysis of 3-O-beta-D-(1->2)-glucopyranosyl bond
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rd + H2O
ginsenoside F2 + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rd + H2O
ginsenoside F2 + D-glucose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rd + H2O
ginsenoside F2 + D-glucose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rg3 + H2O
ginsenoside Rh2 + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rg3 + H2O
ginsenoside Rh2 + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rg3 + H2O
ginsenoside Rh2 + D-glucose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rg3 + H2O
ginsenoside Rh2 + D-glucose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rg3 + H2O
ginsenoside Rh2 + D-glucose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rg3 + H2O
ginsenoside Rh2 + D-glucose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rg3 + H2O
ginsenoside Rh2 + D-glucose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rg3 + H2O
protopanaxadiol aglycone + 2 D-glucose
-
via ginsenoside Rh2, hydrolysis of the inner glucose at C-3
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rg3 + H2O
protopanaxadiol aglycone + 2 D-glucose
-
via ginsenoside Rh2
-
-
?
gypenoside LXXV + H2O
ginsenoside C-K + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
-
?
gypenoside LXXV + H2O
ginsenoside C-K + D-glucopyranose
-
GypLXXV, low activity
-
-
?
gypenoside LXXV + H2O
ginsenoside C-K + D-glucopyranose
-
G-LXXV
-
-
?
gypenoside XVII + H2O
gypenoside LXXV + D-glucopyranose
hydrolysis of 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl
-
-
?
gypenoside XVII + H2O
gypenoside LXXV + D-glucopyranose
hydrolysis of 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl bond
-
-
?
gypenoside XVII + H2O
gypenoside LXXV + D-glucose
-
-
-
-
?
gypenoside XVII + H2O
gypenoside LXXV + D-glucose
-
GypXVI, enzyme mutants W512A and W512K hydrolyze the inner glucose linked to the C-3 position and the outer glucose linked to the C-20 position of GypXVII to produce GypLXXV and F2. W512R hydrolyzes only the outer glucose linked to the C-20 position of GypXVII to produce F2. Mutants W512E and W512D exhibit no activity for GypXVII
-
-
?
gypenoside XVII + H2O
gypenoside LXXV + D-glucose
-
-
-
?
gypenoside XVII + H2O
gypenoside LXXV + D-glucose
-
G-XVII
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ginsenosidase type III are classified into types III-i and III-ii, which hydrolyze the outer glucose and inner glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides, respectively. Ginsenosidase type III-i converts ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd and Rg3 to G17, C-O, C-Mc1, F2 and Rh2, respectively, by hydrolyzing only the outer glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ginsenosidase type III-i catalyzes the hydrolysis of only C-3 outer glucose in PPD-type gindenosides. Ginsenosidase type III-ii catalyzes the hydrolysis of outer and inner, or only inner glucose in PPD-type ginsenosides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
beta-galactosidase from Aspergillus sp. displays beta-glucosidase activity, which is responsible for its ability to transform major ginsenoside Rb1 to rare ginsenoside F2 and to ginsenoside Rg3 via ginsenoside Rd. Ginsenoside Rg3 can be selectively hydrolyzed and only Rh2 is obtained with this beta-galactosidase. Before hydrolysis, an Rg3 inclusion complex is prepared with hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) to improve the aqueous solubility. The solubility of Rg3 increases 74.6fold, and the phase solubility curve displays a typical AL-type, which indicates the formation of a 1:1 inclusion complex. Using an enzyme loading of 500 U/g Rg3, the highest Rg3 conversion of 90.6% and Rh2 yield of 88.5% are obtained after 24 h at 60°C. Ginsenoside F2 is not converted into ginsenoside Rh2 and this is not converted into the protopanaxadiol aglycone
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the specific activity of beta-glucosidase from Clavibacter michiganensis for the PPD-type ginsenosides as substrates followed the order Rb2 > Rd > Rc > Rg3 > Rb1 > compound O (C-O) > compound Mc1 (C-Mc1) > GypXVII > F2 > Rh2 > gypenside LXXV (GypLXXV) and the products of which are C-O, F2, C-Mc1, Rh2, GypXVII, compound Y (C-Y), compound Mc (C-Mc), GypLXXV, compound K (C-K), APPD, and C-K, respectively. The specific activity of beta-glucosidase from Clavibacter michiganensis for the PPT-type ginsenosides as substrates follows the order Rf > Rh1 > Rg1 and the products of which are Rh1, APPT, and F1, respectively
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
recombinant beta-glucosidase from Clavibacter michiganensis specifically hydrolyzes the outer and inner glucose linked to the C-3 position in protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type ginsenosides (EC 3.2.1.191) and the C-6 position in protopanaxatriol (PPT)-type ginsenosides (EC 3.2.1.194) except for the hydrolysis of gypenoside LXXV (GypLXXV). The enzyme converts gypenoside XVII (GypXVII) to GypLXXV by hydrolyzing the inner glucose linked to the C-3 position
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ginsenosidase type III are classified into types III-i and III-ii, which hydrolyze the outer glucose and inner glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides, respectively. Ginsenosidase type III-i converts ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd and Rg3 to G17, C-O, C-Mc1, F2 and Rh2, respectively, by hydrolyzing only the outer glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ginsenosidase type III-i catalyzes the hydrolysis of only C-3 outer glucose in PPD-type gindenosides. Ginsenosidase type III-ii catalyzes the hydrolysis of outer and inner, or only inner glucose in PPD-type ginsenosides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ginsenosidase type III are classified into types III-i and III-ii, which hydrolyze the outer glucose and inner glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides, respectively. Ginsenosidase type III-i converts ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd and Rg3 to G17, C-O, C-Mc1, F2 and Rh2, respectively, by hydrolyzing only the outer glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ginsenosidase type III-i catalyzes the hydrolysis of only C-3 outer glucose in PPD-type gindenosides. Ginsenosidase type III-ii catalyzes the hydrolysis of outer and inner, or only inner glucose in PPD-type ginsenosides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ginsenosidase type III are classified into types III-i and III-ii, which hydrolyze the outer glucose and inner glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides, respectively. Ginsenosidase type III-i converts ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd and Rg3 to G17, C-O, C-Mc1, F2 and Rh2, respectively, by hydrolyzing only the outer glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ginsenosidase type III-i catalyzes the hydrolysis of only C-3 outer glucose in PPD-type gindenosides. Ginsenosidase type III-ii catalyzes the hydrolysis of outer and inner, or only inner glucose in PPD-type ginsenosides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ginsenosidase type III are classified into types III-i and III-ii, which hydrolyze the outer glucose and inner glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides, respectively. Ginsenosidase type III-i converts ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd and Rg3 to G17, C-O, C-Mc1, F2 and Rh2, respectively, by hydrolyzing only the outer glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ginsenosidase type III-i catalyzes the hydrolysis of only C-3 outer glucose in PPD-type gindenosides. Ginsenosidase type III-ii catalyzes the hydrolysis of outer and inner, or only inner glucose in PPD-type ginsenosides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ginsenosidase type III are classified into types III-i and III-ii, which hydrolyze the outer glucose and inner glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides, respectively. Ginsenosidase type III-i converts ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd and Rg3 to G17, C-O, C-Mc1, F2 and Rh2, respectively, by hydrolyzing only the outer glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ginsenosidase type III-i catalyzes the hydrolysis of only C-3 outer glucose in PPD-type gindenosides. Ginsenosidase type III-ii catalyzes the hydrolysis of outer and inner, or only inner glucose in PPD-type ginsenosides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme can hydrolyze various ginsenosides, i.e. Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Rg3(S), F2, Re, Rg1, GypXVII, through various cleavage pathways, substrate specificity, overview. BglG167b cannot hydrolyze the attached sugars at C-6, but glucose moieties at C-3
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme can hydrolyze various ginsenosides, i.e. Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Rg3(S), F2, Re, Rg1, GypXVII, through various cleavage pathways, substrate specificity, overview. BglG167b cannot hydrolyze the attached sugars at C-6, but glucose moieties at C-3
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ginsenosidase type III are classified into types III-i and III-ii, which hydrolyze the outer glucose and inner glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides, respectively. Ginsenosidase type III-i converts ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd and Rg3 to G17, C-O, C-Mc1, F2 and Rh2, respectively, by hydrolyzing only the outer glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ginsenosidase type III-i catalyzes the hydrolysis of only C-3 outer glucose in PPD-type gindenosides. Ginsenosidase type III-ii catalyzes the hydrolysis of outer and inner, or only inner glucose in PPD-type ginsenosides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ginsenosidase type III are classified into types III-i and III-ii, which hydrolyze the outer glucose and inner glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides, respectively. Ginsenosidase type III-i converts ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd and Rg3 to G17, C-O, C-Mc1, F2 and Rh2, respectively, by hydrolyzing only the outer glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ginsenosidase type III-i catalyzes the hydrolysis of only C-3 outer glucose in PPD-type gindenosides. Ginsenosidase type III-ii catalyzes the hydrolysis of outer and inner, or only inner glucose in PPD-type ginsenosides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ginsenosidase type III are classified into types III-i and III-ii, which hydrolyze the outer glucose and inner glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides, respectively. Ginsenosidase type III-i converts ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd and Rg3 to G17, C-O, C-Mc1, F2 and Rh2, respectively, by hydrolyzing only the outer glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ginsenosidase type III-i catalyzes the hydrolysis of only C-3 outer glucose in PPD-type gindenosides. Ginsenosidase type III-ii catalyzes the hydrolysis of outer and inner, or only inner glucose in PPD-type ginsenosides. beta-Glucosidase from Sphingopyxis alaskensis hydrolyzes only the outer glucose at C-3 in ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd and Rg3 to product G17, C-O, C-Mc1, F2 and Rh2, respectively, without further hydrolysis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is able to hydrolyse 3-O-glucoside of multi-protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides. Similarly, the enzyme can hydrolyse the glucopyranosyls linked to the 3-O-position of Rb2, Rc, Rd, Rb3, and Rg3
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is able to hydrolyse 3-O-glucoside of multi-protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides. Similarly, the enzyme can hydrolyse the glucopyranosyls linked to the 3-O-position of Rb2, Rc, Rd, Rb3, and Rg3
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ginsenosidase type III are classified into types III-i and III-ii, which hydrolyze the outer glucose and inner glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides, respectively. Ginsenosidase type III-i converts ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd and Rg3 to G17, C-O, C-Mc1, F2 and Rh2, respectively, by hydrolyzing only the outer glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ginsenosidase type III-i catalyzes the hydrolysis of only C-3 outer glucose in PPD-type gindenosides. Ginsenosidase type III-ii catalyzes the hydrolysis of outer and inner, or only inner glucose in PPD-type ginsenosides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
during transformation of Rb1 by diabetic rat intestinal microflora, five transformed products, including ginsenoside Rd, F2, CK, gypenoside XVII (G-XVII), and LXXV (G-LXXV), as well as three transformation pathways, are identified
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
when a high dose of Ginseng polysaccharides is fed to diabetic rats for 15 days, the formation of intermediates, including gypenoside XVII and gypenoside LXXV is inhibited, and only one pathway (Rb1-> Rd -> F2 -> CK) is identified, cf. EC 3.2.1.192 or EC 3.2.1.195. Mass spectrometric identification of substrates and products, overview
-
-
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3 + H2O
ginsenoside 20(S)-Rh2 + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside C-Mc1 + H2O
ginsenoside C-Mc + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside C-O + H2O
ginsenoside C-Y + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside F2 + H2O
ginsenoside C-K + D-glucopyranose
ginsenoside Rb1 + H2O
ginsenoside G17 + D-glucose
ginsenoside Rb1 + H2O
ginsenoside G75 + 2 D-glucose
ginsenoside Rb1 + H2O
gypenoside XVII + ?
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rb1 + H2O
gypenoside XVII + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rb2 + H2O
ginsenoside C-O + D-glucopyranose
ginsenoside Rb2 + H2O
ginsenoside C-O + D-glucose
ginsenoside Rc + H2O
ginsenoside C-Mc1 + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rc + H2O
ginsenoside C-Mc1 + D-glucose
ginsenoside Rd + H2O
ginsenoside C-K + 2 D-glucose
ginsenoside Rd + H2O
ginsenoside F2 + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rd + H2O
ginsenoside F2 + D-glucose
ginsenoside Rg3 + H2O
ginsenoside Rh2 + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rg3 + H2O
ginsenoside Rh2 + D-glucose
ginsenoside Rh2 + H2O
protopanaxadiol aglycone + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
-
?
gypenoside LXXV + H2O
ginsenoside C-K + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
-
?
gypenoside XVII + H2O
gypenoside LXXV + D-glucose
additional information
?
-
ginsenoside F2 + H2O
ginsenoside C-K + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside F2 + H2O
ginsenoside C-K + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside F2 + H2O
ginsenoside C-K + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rb1 + H2O
ginsenoside G17 + D-glucose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rb1 + H2O
ginsenoside G17 + D-glucose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rb1 + H2O
ginsenoside G75 + 2 D-glucose
-
via ginsenoside G17
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rb1 + H2O
ginsenoside G75 + 2 D-glucose
-
via ginsenoside G17
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rb2 + H2O
ginsenoside C-O + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rb2 + H2O
ginsenoside C-O + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rb2 + H2O
ginsenoside C-O + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rb2 + H2O
ginsenoside C-O + D-glucose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rb2 + H2O
ginsenoside C-O + D-glucose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rc + H2O
ginsenoside C-Mc1 + D-glucose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rc + H2O
ginsenoside C-Mc1 + D-glucose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rd + H2O
ginsenoside C-K + 2 D-glucose
-
via ginsenosside F2
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rd + H2O
ginsenoside C-K + 2 D-glucose
-
via ginsenosside F2
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rd + H2O
ginsenoside F2 + D-glucose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rd + H2O
ginsenoside F2 + D-glucose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rg3 + H2O
ginsenoside Rh2 + D-glucose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rg3 + H2O
ginsenoside Rh2 + D-glucose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rg3 + H2O
ginsenoside Rh2 + D-glucose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rg3 + H2O
ginsenoside Rh2 + D-glucose
-
-
-
-
?
ginsenoside Rg3 + H2O
ginsenoside Rh2 + D-glucose
-
-
-
-
?
gypenoside XVII + H2O
gypenoside LXXV + D-glucose
-
-
-
-
?
gypenoside XVII + H2O
gypenoside LXXV + D-glucose
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ginsenosidase type III are classified into types III-i and III-ii, which hydrolyze the outer glucose and inner glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides, respectively. Ginsenosidase type III-i converts ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd and Rg3 to G17, C-O, C-Mc1, F2 and Rh2, respectively, by hydrolyzing only the outer glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the specific activity of beta-glucosidase from Clavibacter michiganensis for the PPD-type ginsenosides as substrates followed the order Rb2 > Rd > Rc > Rg3 > Rb1 > compound O (C-O) > compound Mc1 (C-Mc1) > GypXVII > F2 > Rh2 > gypenside LXXV (GypLXXV) and the products of which are C-O, F2, C-Mc1, Rh2, GypXVII, compound Y (C-Y), compound Mc (C-Mc), GypLXXV, compound K (C-K), APPD, and C-K, respectively. The specific activity of beta-glucosidase from Clavibacter michiganensis for the PPT-type ginsenosides as substrates follows the order Rf > Rh1 > Rg1 and the products of which are Rh1, APPT, and F1, respectively
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ginsenosidase type III are classified into types III-i and III-ii, which hydrolyze the outer glucose and inner glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides, respectively. Ginsenosidase type III-i converts ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd and Rg3 to G17, C-O, C-Mc1, F2 and Rh2, respectively, by hydrolyzing only the outer glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ginsenosidase type III are classified into types III-i and III-ii, which hydrolyze the outer glucose and inner glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides, respectively. Ginsenosidase type III-i converts ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd and Rg3 to G17, C-O, C-Mc1, F2 and Rh2, respectively, by hydrolyzing only the outer glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ginsenosidase type III are classified into types III-i and III-ii, which hydrolyze the outer glucose and inner glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides, respectively. Ginsenosidase type III-i converts ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd and Rg3 to G17, C-O, C-Mc1, F2 and Rh2, respectively, by hydrolyzing only the outer glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ginsenosidase type III are classified into types III-i and III-ii, which hydrolyze the outer glucose and inner glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides, respectively. Ginsenosidase type III-i converts ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd and Rg3 to G17, C-O, C-Mc1, F2 and Rh2, respectively, by hydrolyzing only the outer glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ginsenosidase type III are classified into types III-i and III-ii, which hydrolyze the outer glucose and inner glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides, respectively. Ginsenosidase type III-i converts ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd and Rg3 to G17, C-O, C-Mc1, F2 and Rh2, respectively, by hydrolyzing only the outer glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ginsenosidase type III are classified into types III-i and III-ii, which hydrolyze the outer glucose and inner glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides, respectively. Ginsenosidase type III-i converts ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd and Rg3 to G17, C-O, C-Mc1, F2 and Rh2, respectively, by hydrolyzing only the outer glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ginsenosidase type III are classified into types III-i and III-ii, which hydrolyze the outer glucose and inner glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides, respectively. Ginsenosidase type III-i converts ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd and Rg3 to G17, C-O, C-Mc1, F2 and Rh2, respectively, by hydrolyzing only the outer glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ginsenosidase type III are classified into types III-i and III-ii, which hydrolyze the outer glucose and inner glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides, respectively. Ginsenosidase type III-i converts ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd and Rg3 to G17, C-O, C-Mc1, F2 and Rh2, respectively, by hydrolyzing only the outer glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ginsenosidase type III are classified into types III-i and III-ii, which hydrolyze the outer glucose and inner glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides, respectively. Ginsenosidase type III-i converts ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd and Rg3 to G17, C-O, C-Mc1, F2 and Rh2, respectively, by hydrolyzing only the outer glucose linked to C-3 in the PPD-type ginsenosides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
during transformation of Rb1 by diabetic rat intestinal microflora, five transformed products, including ginsenoside Rd, F2, CK, gypenoside XVII (G-XVII), and LXXV (G-LXXV), as well as three transformation pathways, are identified
-
-
?
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0.0136
-
recombinant mutant W512K, pH 7.5, 35°C, substrate gypenoside XVII
0.014
-
substrate 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside, pH 5.6, 37°C
0.0196
-
recombinant mutant W512A, pH 7.5, 35°C, substrate gypenoside XVII
0.0204
-
recombinant mutant H238A, pH 7.5, 35°C, substrate gypenoside XVII
0.0273
-
recombinant mutant R131A, pH 7.5, 35°C, substrate gypenoside XVII
0.0326
-
recombinant mutant L509A, pH 7.5, 35°C, substrate gypenoside XVII
0.0333
-
recombinant mutant W512R, pH 7.5, 35°C, substrate gypenoside XVII
0.0335
-
recombinant mutant R199A, pH 7.5, 35°C, substrate gypenoside XVII
0.0348
-
recombinant mutant E332A, pH 7.5, 35°C, substrate gypenoside XVII
0.0354
-
recombinant mutant E83A, pH 7.5, 35°C, substrate gypenoside XVII
0.0421
-
recombinant wild-type enzyme, pH 7.5, 35°C, substrate gypenoside XVII
0.0647
-
recombinant mutant W512F, pH 7.5, 35°C, substrate gypenoside XVII
1.173
-
recombinant mutant W512K, pH 7.5, 35°C, substrate ginsenoside Rb1
1.248
-
recombinant mutant W512D, pH 7.5, 35°C, substrate ginsenoside Rb1
1.474
-
recombinant mutant W512R, pH 7.5, 35°C, substrate ginsenoside Rb1
1.665
-
recombinant mutant H238A, pH 7.5, 35°C, substrate ginsenoside Rb1
1.896
-
recombinant mutant R131A, pH 7.5, 35°C, substrate ginsenoside Rb1
1.998
-
recombinant mutant E332A, pH 7.5, 35°C, substrate ginsenoside Rb1
2.109
-
recombinant mutant L509A, pH 7.5, 35°C, substrate ginsenoside Rb1
2.119
-
recombinant mutant W512F, pH 7.5, 35°C, substrate ginsenoside Rb1
2.135
-
recombinant mutant W512A, pH 7.5, 35°C, substrate ginsenoside Rb1
2.189
-
recombinant wild-type enzyme, pH 7.5, 35°C, substrate ginsenoside Rb1
2.22
-
recombinant mutant E83A, pH 7.5, 35°C, substrate ginsenoside Rb1
2.301
-
recombinant mutant R199A, pH 7.5, 35°C, substrate ginsenoside Rb1
290
-
purified native enzyme, pH 5.0, 50°C
6.54
-
substrate 2-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside, pH 5.6, 37°C
76
-
purified enzyme, pH 7.0, 37°C
2
-
recombinant mutant W512E, pH 7.5, 35°C, substrate ginsenoside Rb1
2
-
pH 5.0, 60°C, substrate ginsenoside Rg3
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E332A
-
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation of a potential catalytic residue, the mutant shows decreased activity with ginsenoside Rb1 and decreased activity with gypenoside XVII compared to the wild-type enzyme
E83A
-
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation of a potential catalytic residue, the mutant shows increased activity with ginsenoside Rb1 and decreased activity with gypenoside XVII compared to the wild-type enzyme
H238A
-
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation of a potential catalytic residue, the mutant shows decreased activity with ginsenoside Rb1 and decreased activity with gypenoside XVII compared to the wild-type enzyme
L509A
-
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation of a potential catalytic residue, the mutant shows slightly decreased activity with ginsenoside Rb1 and decreased activity with gypenoside XVII compared to the wild-type enzyme
R131A
-
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation of a potential catalytic residue, the mutant shows decreased activity with ginsenoside Rb1 and decreased activity with gypenoside XVII compared to the wild-type enzyme
R199A
-
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation of a potential catalytic residue, the mutant shows increased activity with ginsenoside Rb1 and decreased activity with gypenoside XVII compared to the wild-type enzyme
W331A
-
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation of a potential catalytic residue, inactive mutant
W512A
-
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation of a potential catalytic residue, the mutant shows slightly decreased activity with ginsenoside Rb1 and decreased activity with gypenoside XVII compared to the wild-type enzyme. Mutant W512A converts GypXVII to GypLXXV and F2 (cf. EC 3.2.1.193)
W512D
-
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation of a potential catalytic residue, the mutant shows strongly decreased activity with ginsenoside Rb1 and no activity with gypenoside XVII compared to the wild-type enzyme
W512E
-
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation of a potential catalytic residue, the mutant shows decreased activity with ginsenoside Rb1 and no activity with gypenoside XVII compared to the wild-type enzyme
W512F
-
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation of a potential catalytic residue, the mutant shows slightly decreased activity with ginsenoside Rb1 and increased activity with gypenoside XVII compared to the wild-type enzyme. Mutant W512F variant enzyme containing an aromatic side chain converts GypXVII as a substrate to GypLXXV
W512K
-
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation of a potential catalytic residue, the mutant shows strongly decreased activity with ginsenoside Rb1 and with gypenoside XVII compared to the wild-type enzyme
W512R
-
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation of a potential catalytic residue, the mutant shows strongly decreased activity with ginsenoside Rb1 and with gypenoside XVII compared to the wild-type enzyme. mutant W512R containing a positively charged side chain converts GypXVII to F2, cf. EC 3.2.1.193
Y288A
-
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation of a potential catalytic residue, inactive mutant
additional information
-
the hydrolytic pathways of enzyme mutants E83A, R131A, R199A, H238A, E332A, and L509A convert GypXVII to GypLXXV, showing the same regioselectivity as the wild-type enzyme. But mutant W512A converts GypXVII to GypLXXV and F2 (cf. EC 3.2.1.193), indicating that the variant simultaneously hydrolyzes the inner glucose linked to the C-3 position and the outer glucose linked to the C-20 position in GypXVII. Mutant W512F variant enzyme containing an aromatic side chain converts GypXVII as a substrate to GypLXXV, while mutant W512R containing a positively charged side chain converts GypXVII to F2
additional information
-
the hydrolytic pathways of enzyme mutants E83A, R131A, R199A, H238A, E332A, and L509A convert GypXVII to GypLXXV, showing the same regioselectivity as the wild-type enzyme. But mutant W512A converts GypXVII to GypLXXV and F2 (cf. EC 3.2.1.193), indicating that the variant simultaneously hydrolyzes the inner glucose linked to the C-3 position and the outer glucose linked to the C-20 position in GypXVII. Mutant W512F variant enzyme containing an aromatic side chain converts GypXVII as a substrate to GypLXXV, while mutant W512R containing a positively charged side chain converts GypXVII to F2
-
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An, D.S.; Cui, C.H.; Lee, H.G.; Wang, L.; Kim, S.C.; Lee, S.T.; Jin, F.; Yu, H.; Chin, Y.W.; Lee, H.K.; Im, W.T.; Kim, S.G.
Identification and characterization of a novel Terrabacter ginsenosidimutans sp. nov. beta-glucosidase that transforms ginsenoside Rb1 into the rare gypenosides XVII and LXXV
Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
76
5827-5836
2010
Terrabacter ginsenosidimutans (D2KAT1)
brenda
Jin, X.F.; Yu, H.S.; Wang, D.M.; Liu, T.Q.; Liu, C.Y.; An, D.S.; Im, W.T.; Kim, S.G.; Jin, F.X.
Kinetics of a cloned special ginsenosidase hydrolyzing 3-O-glucoside of multi-protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides, named ginsenosidase type III
J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
22
343-351
2012
Terrabacter ginsenosidimutans (D2KAT1), Terrabacter ginsenosidimutans
brenda
Shin, K.C.; Hong, S.H.; Seo, M.J.; Oh, D.K.
An amino acid at position 512 in beta-glucosidase from Clavibacter michiganensis determines the regioselectivity for hydrolyzing gypenoside XVII
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
99
7987-7996
2015
Clavibacter michiganensis, Clavibacter michiganensis DSM 46364
brenda
Shin, K.; Oh, D.
Classification of glycosidases that hydrolyze the specific positions and types of sugar moieties in ginsenosides
Crit. Rev. Biotechnol.
36
1036-1049
2016
Aspergillus niger, Fusarium sp., Sphingomonas sp., Fusarium proliferatum, Panax ginseng, Terrabacter ginsenosidimutans, Sphingopyxis alaskensis, Esteya vermicola, Esteya vermicola CNU120806, Fusarium proliferatum ECU2042
brenda
Li, J.; Li, R.; Li, N.; Zheng, F.; Dai, Y.; Ge, Y.; Yue, H.; Yu, S.
Mechanism of antidiabetic and synergistic effects of ginseng polysaccharide and ginsenoside Rb1 on diabetic rat model
J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal.
158
451-460
2018
uncultured bacterium
brenda
Cui, C.; Kim, D.; Jung, S.; Kim, S.; Im, W.
Enhanced production of gypenoside LXXV using a novel ginsenoside-transforming beta-glucosidase from ginseng-cultivating soil bacteria and its anti-cancer property
Molecules
22
844-858
2017
Microbacterium sp. (L0EKQ7), Microbacterium sp. Gsoil 167 (L0EKQ7)
brenda
Wan, H.; Li, D.
Highly efficient biotransformation of ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg3 using beta-galactosidase from Aspergillus sp.
RSC Adv.
5
78874-78879
2015
Aspergillus sp.
-
brenda